{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:31:37Z","timestamp":1793413897308,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":79,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790553600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Fluoresc"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T05:52:18Z","timestamp":1790574738000},"page":"6009-6023","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Recent Developments in Fluorescent Liquid Crystal Displays for Advanced Optoelectronic Applications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"family":"Chinky","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Parul","family":"Malik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pankaj","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"4952_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.matsci.27.1.305","volume":"27","author":"M Schadt","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schadt M (1997) Liquid crystal materials and liquid crystal displays. Annu Rev Mater Sci 27:305\u2013379","journal-title":"Annu Rev Mater Sci"},{"key":"4952_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17168","DOI":"10.1038\/lsa.2017.168","volume":"7","author":"HW Chen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Chen HW, Lee JH, Lin BY, Chen S, Wu ST (2018) Liquid crystal display and organic light-emitting diode display: present status and future perspectives. Light Sci Appl 7:17168","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"key":"4952_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1109\/JPROC.2002.1002521","volume":"90","author":"H Kawamoto","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kawamoto H (2002) The history of liquid-crystal displays. Proc IEEE 90:460\u2013500","journal-title":"Proc IEEE"},{"key":"4952_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.1063\/1.95048","volume":"45","author":"TJ Scheffer","year":"1984","unstructured":"Scheffer TJ, Nehring J (1984) A new, highly multiplexable liquid crystal display. Appl Phys Lett 45:1021\u20131023","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2025.127741","volume":"432","author":"N Wang","year":"2025","unstructured":"Wang N, Bi W, Liu Y, Xu S, Wang K, Cao S (2025) Recent progress of fluorescent liquid crystals. J Mol Liq 432:127741","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"4952_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6986","DOI":"10.1021\/nn501816z","volume":"8","author":"CM Spillmann","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spillmann CM, Naciri J, Algar WR, Medintz IL, Delehanty JB (2014) Multifunctional liquid crystal nanoparticles for intracellular fluorescent imaging and drug delivery. ACS Nano 8:6986\u20136997","journal-title":"ACS Nano"},{"key":"4952_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53348","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.2c17494","volume":"14","author":"J Gao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gao J, He Y, Cong X, Yi H, Guo J (2022) Reconfigurable fluorescent liquid crystal elastomers for integrated visual and haptic information storage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 14:53348\u201353358","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4952_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1521-4095(199812)10:18<1546::AID-ADMA1546>3.0.CO;2-2","volume":"10","author":"BP Hoag","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hoag BP, Gin DL (1998) Fluorescent phasmidic liquid crystals. Adv Mater 10:1546\u20131551","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4952_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1063\/1.89528","volume":"31","author":"LJ Yu","year":"1977","unstructured":"Yu LJ, Labes MM (1977) Fluorescent liquid-crystal display utilizing an electric-field-induced cholesteric-nematic transition. Appl Phys Lett 31:719\u2013720","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1364\/AO.20.000633","volume":"20","author":"T Urisu","year":"1981","unstructured":"Urisu T, Sugeta T, Mizushima Y (1981) Liquid crystal display device for total reflection switching with fluorescent dye addition. Appl Opt 20:633\u2013635","journal-title":"Appl Opt"},{"key":"4952_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.39.5235","volume":"39","author":"R Yamaguchi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yamaguchi R, Kishida J, Sato S (2000) Multicolor switching properties in fluorescent liquid crystal displays. Jpn J Appl Phys 39:5235","journal-title":"Jpn J Appl Phys"},{"key":"4952_CR12","unstructured":"Yamaguchi R, Moriyama K, Sato S, Zhang X, Thiemann T, Mataka S (2005) Color switching in liquid crystal display using high dichroic fluorescent dyes. Proc IDW\/AD 2005"},{"key":"4952_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/0143-7208(94)87005-5","volume":"24","author":"R Stolarski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Stolarski R, Fiksinski KJ (1994) Fluorescent perylene dyes for liquid crystal displays. Dyes Pigm 24:295\u2013303","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm"},{"key":"4952_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1063\/1.92048","volume":"37","author":"S Sato","year":"1980","unstructured":"Sato S, Labes MM (1980) Multicolor fluorescent liquid-crystal display concepts. Appl Phys Lett 37:677\u2013679","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1049\/el:19860656","volume":"22","author":"R Van Ewyk","year":"1986","unstructured":"Van Ewyk R, O\u2019Connor I, Mosley A, Cuddy A, Hilsum C, Griffiths J, Blackburn C, Jones F (1986) Fluorescent liquid crystal displays. Electron Lett 22:962\u2013963","journal-title":"Electron Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.2183\/pjab.98.025","volume":"98","author":"S Kobayashi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kobayashi S, Miyama T, Akiyama H, Ikemura A, Kitamura M (2022) Development of liquid crystal displays and related improvements to their performances. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B 98:493\u2013516","journal-title":"Proc Jpn Acad Ser B"},{"key":"4952_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13121639","volume":"13","author":"S Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu S, Li Y, Su Y (2023) Recent progress in true 3D display technologies based on liquid crystal devices. Crystals 13:1639","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"4952_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901345","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.201901345","volume":"6","author":"AK Srivastava","year":"2019","unstructured":"Srivastava AK, Zhang W, Schneider J, Halpert JE, Rogach AL (2019) Luminescent down-conversion semiconductor quantum dots and aligned quantum rods for liquid crystal displays. Adv Sci 6:1901345","journal-title":"Adv Sci"},{"key":"4952_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15941","DOI":"10.1039\/D5TC02093J","volume":"13","author":"V Graschtat","year":"2025","unstructured":"Graschtat V, Proz I, Lehmann M, Detert H (2025) 1, 2, 4-Tris(5-aryl-1,3,4-oxadiazolyl)-benzenes: novel \u03bb-shaped fluorescent liquid crystals. J Mater Chem C 13:15941\u201315947","journal-title":"J Mater Chem C"},{"key":"4952_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3941","DOI":"10.1063\/1.329199","volume":"52","author":"S Sato","year":"1981","unstructured":"Sato S, Labes MM (1981) Multicolor fluorescent display by scattering states in liquid crystals. J Appl Phys 52:3941\u20133948","journal-title":"J Appl Phys"},{"key":"4952_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1063\/1.89476","volume":"31","author":"G Baur","year":"1977","unstructured":"Baur G, Greubel W (1977) Fluorescence-activated liquid-crystal display. Appl Phys Lett 31:4","journal-title":"Appl Phys Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1080\/15421400802240631","volume":"488","author":"R Yamaguchi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yamaguchi R, Moriyama K, Sato S (2008) Improvement of white fluorescent liquid crystal display. Mol Cryst Liq Cryst 488:210\u2013218","journal-title":"Mol Cryst Liq Cryst"},{"key":"4952_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"835","DOI":"10.1126\/science.279.5352.835","volume":"279","author":"C Weder","year":"1998","unstructured":"Weder C, Sarwa C, Montali A, Bastiaansen C, Smith P (1998) Incorporation of photoluminescent polarizers into liquid crystal displays. Science 279:835\u2013837","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"4952_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/S0143-7208(03)00033-0","volume":"58","author":"I Grabchev","year":"2003","unstructured":"Grabchev I, Moneva I, Wolarz E, Bauman D (2003) Fluorescent 3-oxy benzanthrone dyes in liquid crystalline media. Dyes Pigm 58:1\u20136","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm"},{"key":"4952_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"L652","DOI":"10.1143\/JJAP.38.L652","volume":"38","author":"R Yamaguchi","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yamaguchi R, Kishida J, Ugai Y, Izumi T, Sato S (1999) Fluorescent liquid crystal color display using a guest-host UV shutter and phosphor layers on the inside of the cell. Jpn J Appl Phys 38:L652","journal-title":"Jpn J Appl Phys"},{"key":"4952_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2304405","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.202304405","volume":"35","author":"X Wang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wang X, Zhao B, Deng J (2023) Liquid crystals doped with chiral fluorescent polymer: multicolor circularly polarized fluorescence and room-temperature phosphorescence with high dissymmetry factor and anti-counterfeiting application. Adv Mater 35:2304405","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4952_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1901","DOI":"10.1039\/B402645D","volume":"14","author":"X Zhang","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhang X, Gorohmaru H, Kadowaki M, Kobayashi T, Ishi-i T, Thiemann T, Mataka S (2004) Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-based highly dichroic fluorescent dyes for fluorescent host-guest liquid crystal displays. J Mater Chem 14:1901\u20131904","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"4952_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2018.02.007","volume":"341","author":"P Lin","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lin P, Yan Q, Wei Z, Li X, Wang H, Huang Z, Wang X, Cheng Z (2018) Electrically modulated optical properties of fluorescent chiral nematic liquid crystals. Chem Eng J 341:565\u2013577","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4952_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-2860(94)80032-4","volume":"325","author":"T Marty\u0144ski","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marty\u0144ski T, Mykowska E, Bauman D (1994) Spectral properties of fluorescent dyes in nematic liquid crystals. J Mol Struct 325:161\u2013167","journal-title":"J Mol Struct"},{"key":"4952_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.2174\/1570178616666191104094527","volume":"17","author":"R Diana","year":"2020","unstructured":"Diana R, Panunzi B, Caruso U (2020) Two novel \u03c0-conjugated fluorophores for dye-doped LC on-off photoluminescence switching. Lett Org Chem 17:340\u2013344","journal-title":"Lett Org Chem"},{"key":"4952_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tsf.2011.06.038","volume":"520","author":"P Kumar","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kumar P, Kang SW, Lee SH, Raina KK (2011) Analysis of dichroic dye-doped polymer-dispersed liquid crystal materials for display devices. Thin Solid Films 520:457\u2013463","journal-title":"Thin Solid Films"},{"key":"4952_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lin YH, Yang JM, Lin HC, Wu JN (2009) A polarizer-free liquid crystal display using dye-doped liquid crystal gels. I-Tech Vienna","DOI":"10.5772\/9679"},{"key":"4952_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1919","DOI":"10.3390\/ma12121919","volume":"12","author":"Y Feng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Feng Y, Yu H, Xie D, Zhu Y, Zhong X, Pan C, Shao G (2019) Preparation of luminescent thermotropic liquid crystal from benzodiathiazole derivatives. Materials 12:1919","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"4952_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41693","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA07016E","volume":"10","author":"Y Shin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Shin Y, Jiang J, Qin G, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Yang DK (2020) Patterned waveguide liquid crystal displays. RSC Adv 10:41693\u201341702","journal-title":"RSC Adv"},{"key":"4952_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/0141-9382(92)90027-O","volume":"13","author":"E Wolarz","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wolarz E, Moryson H, Bauman D (1992) Dichroic fluorescent dyes for guest-host liquid crystal displays. Displays 13:171\u2013178","journal-title":"Displays"},{"key":"4952_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1515\/revic-2024-0044","volume":"45","author":"JU Rahman","year":"2025","unstructured":"Rahman JU, Khan S, Jain V, Rajiv A, Dasi S, Fawy KF, Jindal PK, Sivaranjani R (2025) Exploring inorganic phosphors: basics, types, fabrications and their luminescence properties for LED\/WLED\/displays. Rev Inorg Chem 45:55\u201376","journal-title":"Rev Inorg Chem"},{"key":"4952_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45LT01","DOI":"10.1088\/0957-4484\/27\/45\/45LT01","volume":"27","author":"DA Press","year":"2016","unstructured":"Press DA, Melikov R, Conkar D, Firat-Karalar EN, Nizamoglu S (2016) Fluorescent protein integrated white LEDs for displays. Nanotechnology 27:45LT01","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"4952_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1007\/s11705-011-1168-y","volume":"6","author":"TH Kim","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kim TH, Wang W, Li Q (2012) Advancement in materials for energy-saving lighting devices. Front Chem Sci Eng 6:13\u201326","journal-title":"Front Chem Sci Eng"},{"key":"4952_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1039\/a909153j","volume":"10","author":"I Grabchev","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grabchev I, Moneva I, Bojinov V, Guittonneau S (2000) Synthesis and properties of fluorescent 1,8-naphthalimide dyes for application in liquid crystal displays. J Mater Chem 10:1291\u20131296","journal-title":"J Mater Chem"},{"key":"4952_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1109\/JDT.2005.858962","volume":"1","author":"YH Lin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lin YH, Ren H, Gauza S, Wu YH, Liang X, Wu ST (2005) Reflective direct-view displays using a dye-doped dual-frequency liquid crystal gel. J Disp Technol 1:230","journal-title":"J Disp Technol"},{"key":"4952_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1021\/ol062999m","volume":"9","author":"Z Chen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chen Z, Swager TM (2007) Synthesis and characterization of fluorescent acenequinones as dyes for guest-host liquid crystal displays. Org Lett 9:997\u20131000","journal-title":"Org Lett"},{"key":"4952_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Shim T, Kim S, Kim D, Oh-e M (2011) Fluorescence enhancement of dye-doped liquid crystal by dye-induced alignment effect. J Appl Phys 110:063532","DOI":"10.1063\/1.3642960"},{"key":"4952_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2637","DOI":"10.1002\/pssc.201200183","volume":"9","author":"M Kinoshita","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kinoshita M (2012) Photoresponsive behavior of LCs doped with fluorescent materials. Phys Status Solidi C 9:2637\u20132640","journal-title":"Phys Status Solidi C"},{"key":"4952_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2210664","DOI":"10.1002\/adfm.202210664","volume":"33","author":"W Shen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Shen W, Zhang H, Miao Z, Ye Z (2023) Recent progress in functional dye-doped liquid crystal devices. Adv Funct Mater 33:2210664","journal-title":"Adv Funct Mater"},{"key":"4952_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2023.122607","volume":"386","author":"A Kumar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kumar A, Singh G (2023) Recent advances and future perspectives of photoluminescent liquid crystals and their nanocomposites for emissive displays and other tunable photonic devices. J Mol Liq 386:122607","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"4952_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111855","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2023.111855","volume":"186","author":"M Yang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yang M, Huang L, Guo P, Zhou B, Tao Y, Yang C (2023) Design, synthesis and performance control of dendritic fluorescent liquid crystal polymers with aggregation-induced emission properties. Eur Polym J 186:111855","journal-title":"Eur Polym J"},{"key":"4952_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1080\/02678292.2023.2272135","volume":"51","author":"S Tripathi","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tripathi S, Agarwal S, Tiwari S, Gaur DK, Srivastava A, Manohar R (2024) Highly enhanced fluorescence parameters in a dye-doped liquid crystalline compound. Liq Cryst 51:20\u201326","journal-title":"Liq Cryst"},{"key":"4952_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807751","DOI":"10.1002\/adma.201807751","volume":"31","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li J, Bisoyi HK, Tian J, Guo J, Li Q (2019) Optically rewritable transparent liquid crystal displays enabled by light-driven chiral fluorescent molecular switches. Adv Mater 31:1807751","journal-title":"Adv Mater"},{"key":"4952_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dyepig.2018.12.030","volume":"163","author":"JC Lai","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lai JC, Cheng WF, Liu CK, Cheng KT (2019) Optically switchable bistable guest-host displays in chiral-azobenzene and dichroic-dye-doped cholesteric liquid crystals. Dyes Pigm 163:641\u2013646","journal-title":"Dyes Pigm"},{"key":"4952_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7993","DOI":"10.1039\/C5TC01565K","volume":"3","author":"Y Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang Y, Shi J, Chen J, Zhu W, Baranoff E (2015) Recent progress in luminescent liquid crystal materials: design, properties and application for linearly polarised emission. J Mater Chem C 3:7993\u20138005","journal-title":"J Mater Chem C"},{"key":"4952_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3143","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.5b10554","volume":"8","author":"MJ Gim","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gim MJ, Turlapati S, Debnath S, Rao NV, Yoon DK (2016) Highly polarized fluorescent illumination using liquid crystal phase. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:3143\u20133149","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4952_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1080\/02678292.2017.1292007","volume":"45","author":"H Lu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lu H, Xu C, Li Z, Xia G, Jing S, Bai X, Yang J, Qiu L, Ding Y (2018) High-contrast electrically switchable light-emitting liquid crystal displays based on \u03b1-cyanostilbenic derivative. Liq Cryst 45:32\u201339","journal-title":"Liq Cryst"},{"key":"4952_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12881","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-30742-w","volume":"8","author":"YH Ko","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ko YH, Jalalah M, Lee SJ, Park JG (2018) Super ultra-high resolution liquid-crystal-display using perovskite quantum-dot functional color-filters. Sci Rep 8:12881","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4952_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.1889\/1.1831016","volume":"35","author":"J Heikenfeld","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heikenfeld J, Allen SC, Steckl AJ (2004) A novel fluorescent display using light wave coupling technology. SID Symp Dig Tech Pap 35:470\u2013473","journal-title":"SID Symp Dig Tech Pap"},{"key":"4952_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s12194-014-0274-1","volume":"7","author":"Y Yano","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yano Y, Morishita J, Akamine H, Hashimoto N, Nakamura Y, Yabuuchi H (2014) Effect of fluorescent lighting on the color of liquid-crystal displays. Radiol Phys Technol 7:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Radiol Phys Technol"},{"key":"4952_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2024.159436","volume":"653","author":"J Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu J, Li R, Chen X, Zhang L, Li Y, Huang Y, Zhao T, Jia L (2024) A multicolor fluorescent sensing system integrated with color recognition, liquid crystal display, and voice output module for intelligent detection of two targets. Appl Surf Sci 653:159436","journal-title":"Appl Surf Sci"},{"key":"4952_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lv D, Xuedong Z, Li D, Bai X, Fan L, He Z, Zhao Y, Lu YF (2025) Application of multicolor fluorescent molecules doped in polymer-dispersed liquid crystals for advanced anti-counterfeiting. Mater Today Commun 49:114193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mtcomm.2025.114193"},{"key":"4952_CR58","first-page":"110","volume":"1","author":"A Tyagi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tyagi A, Chatterjee DS (2013) Liquid crystal display: environment and technology. Int J Environ Eng Sci Technol Res 1:110\u2013123","journal-title":"Int J Environ Eng Sci Technol Res"},{"key":"4952_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3668","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.macromol.9b00221","volume":"52","author":"JC Zhu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zhu JC, Han T, Guo Y, Wang P, Xie HL, Meng ZG, Yu ZQ, Tang BZ (2019) Design and synthesis of luminescent liquid crystalline polymers with jacketing effect and luminescent patterning applications. Macromolecules 52:3668\u20133679","journal-title":"Macromolecules"},{"key":"4952_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5627","DOI":"10.1039\/D4MH01928H","volume":"12","author":"P Gayathri","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gayathri P, Qiu SQ, Yu ZQ (2025) Advances in chiral luminescent liquid crystals (CLLCs): from molecular design to applications. Mater Horiz 12:5627\u20135653","journal-title":"Mater Horiz"},{"key":"4952_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1615","DOI":"10.3390\/cryst13121615","volume":"13","author":"A Surampudi","year":"2023","unstructured":"Surampudi A, Zhang G, Singh R, Faulkner G, O\u2019Brien DC, Booth MJ, Morris SM (2023) Liquid crystals for luminescent concentrators: a review. Crystals 13:1615","journal-title":"Crystals"},{"key":"4952_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124803","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2024.124803","volume":"403","author":"S Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen S, Li Y, Guo Z, Ma T, Duan Y, Yang Y, Cheng X (2024) Fluorescent columnar liquid crystals based on BTD hexacatenars with salicylaldimine and benzaldimine core: self-assembly and multifunctional properties. J Mol Liq 403:124803","journal-title":"J Mol Liq"},{"key":"4952_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1038\/s41377-022-00851-3","volume":"11","author":"K Yin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yin K, Hsiang EL, Zou J, Li Y, Yang Z, Yang Q, Lai PC, Lin CL, Wu ST (2022) Advanced liquid crystal devices for augmented reality and virtual reality displays: principles and applications. Light Sci Appl 11:161","journal-title":"Light Sci Appl"},{"key":"4952_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1080\/02678290412331293404","volume":"31","author":"M Matsui","year":"2004","unstructured":"Matsui M, Suzuki M, Mizuno K, Funabiki K, Okada S, Kobayashi T, Kadowaki M (2004) Application of polyfluorophenazines to dichroic fluorescent dyes in guest-host liquid crystal displays. Liq Cryst 31:1463\u20131467","journal-title":"Liq Cryst"},{"key":"4952_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26522","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.1c08641","volume":"13","author":"Q Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang Q, Zhu JC, Li ZX, Chen XS, Jiang YX, Luo ZW, Wang P, Xie HL (2021) Luminescent liquid crystals based on carbonized polymer dots and their polarized luminescence application. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 13:26522\u201326532","journal-title":"ACS Appl Mater Interfaces"},{"key":"4952_CR66","first-page":"274","volume":"13","author":"ZR Banoon","year":"2023","unstructured":"Banoon ZR, Al-Lami AK, Abbas AM (2023) Asymmetric dimeric liquid crystals and their application as fluorescence and nanohybrid: a review. J Nanostruct 13:274\u2013295","journal-title":"J Nanostruct"},{"key":"4952_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149654","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2024.149654","volume":"485","author":"Y Lu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lu Y, Yang D, Gao H, Du X, Zhao Y, Wang D, He Z, Miao Z, Cao H, Yang Z, He W (2024) Enhanced electro-optical properties of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals co-doped with fluorescent molecules and nanoparticles for multifunctional applications. Chem Eng J 485:149654","journal-title":"Chem Eng J"},{"key":"4952_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5536","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27175536","volume":"27","author":"L Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang L, Cui Y, Wang Q, Zhou H, Wang H, Li Y, Yang Z, Cao H, Wang D, He W (2022) Spatial patterning of fluorescent liquid crystal ink based on inkjet printing. Molecules 27:5536","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"4952_CR69","first-page":"11","volume":"7232","author":"H Fujikake","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fujikake H, Sato H (2009) Current progress and technical challenges of flexible liquid crystal displays. Emerg Liquid Cryst Technol IV 7232:11\u201318","journal-title":"Emerg Liquid Cryst Technol IV"},{"key":"4952_CR70","first-page":"17","volume":"7329","author":"RY Tsai","year":"2009","unstructured":"Tsai RY, Tsai CH, Lee K, Wu CL, Lin LC, Huang KC, Hsu WL, Wu CS, Lu CF, Yang JC, Chen YC (2009) Challenge of 3D LCD displays. Three-Dimensional Imaging. Visualization Disp 7329:17\u201324","journal-title":"Visualization Disp"},{"key":"4952_CR71","unstructured":"West JL (1996) The challenge of new applications to liquid crystal displays. Liquid Crystals in Complex Geometries. CRC, pp 255\u2013264"},{"key":"4952_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3077","DOI":"10.1007\/s11664-025-12647-3","volume":"55","author":"V Chinky, Sharma","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chinky, Sharma V, Malik P, Kumar P (2026) Thermal stability of homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals induced by nanoparticles for display applications. J Electron Mater 55:3077\u20133084","journal-title":"J Electron Mater"},{"key":"4952_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21756","DOI":"10.1007\/s10853-025-11661-4","volume":"60","author":"C Jaggi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaggi C, Kumar P (2025) Conventional layers free homeotropic alignment and enhanced electro-optic properties of liquid crystals using metal and metal oxide nanoparticles. J Mater Sci 60:21756\u201321785","journal-title":"J Mater Sci"},{"key":"4952_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"172536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijleo.2025.172536","volume":"339","author":"P Chinky, Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chinky, Kumar P (2025) Analysis on nanoparticles induced alignment stability of dye doped liquid crystal at varying temperatures. Optik 339:172536","journal-title":"Optik"},{"key":"4952_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1007\/s11051-025-06514-9","volume":"27","author":"C Jaggi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Jaggi C, Kumar P (2025) Polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane nanoparticles: an effective dopant for homeotropic alignment of liquid crystals with enhanced electro-optic performance. J Nanopart Res 27:311","journal-title":"J Nanopart Res"},{"key":"4952_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105912","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/ae0bc3","volume":"100","author":"P Chinky, Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Chinky, Kumar P (2025) Dichroic dye dependent electro-optic and thermal behavior of ZnO nanoparticles induced homeotropically aligned nematic liquid crystal cells. Phys Scr 100:105912","journal-title":"Phys Scr"},{"key":"4952_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1007\/s10854-025-16218-4","volume":"36","author":"M Pundeer","year":"2025","unstructured":"Pundeer M, Chinky, Kiran, Malik P, Sharma V, Kumar P (2025) A review of blue phase liquid crystals: impact of dopants on electro-optical performance and phase transitions. J Mater Sci Mater Electron 36:2221","journal-title":"J Mater Sci Mater Electron"},{"key":"4952_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112001","DOI":"10.1088\/1402-4896\/ae4dc9","volume":"101","author":"SV Chinky","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chinky, Sharma V, Kumar P (2026) Carbon based nanomaterials as efficient dopants for tailoring alignment and electro-optical performance of liquid crystals. Phys Scr 101:112001","journal-title":"Phys Scr"},{"key":"4952_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1007\/s42247-026-01309-7","volume":"9","author":"P Chinky, Kumar","year":"2026","unstructured":"Chinky, Kumar P (2026) Laser light generation in dye doped liquid crystals: role of nanoparticles, dyes and external stimuli. Emergent Mater 9:62","journal-title":"Emergent Mater"}],"container-title":["Journal of Fluorescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:03:12Z","timestamp":1793412192000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"references-count":79,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["4952"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10895-026-04952-9","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-4994"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-4994","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 September 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}