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Although undoubtedly, the deletion of genes in the 22q11.2 interval is primarily responsible for the psychological manifestations, little is known about the role of the environment in either mitigating or contributing to these problems. We examined the association of parental socio\u2010economic status (SES) with cognition and behavior in children with 22q11DS (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200965) and matched healthy control subjects (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200952), since SES is a component of family resources. We found that in children with 22q11DS, higher SES correlated with better overall functioning (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01) and social skills (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.01), and less frequent oppositional defiant behavior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.001). These findings were in contrast to the control subjects in whom SES correlated with cognition and achievement, but not behavior. Our results indicate that environmental factors influence the behavioral phenotype in children with 22q11DS, providing a framework for developing appropriate interventions. As such, genetic counseling for families with 22q11DS may include consideration of family resources and inclusion of other health professionals, such as social workers, to explore with the family available social supports and resources.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-010-9309-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,2]],"date-time":"2010-08-02T16:46:49Z","timestamp":1280767609000},"page":"535-544","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Socioeconomic Status and Psychological Function in Children with Chromosome 22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome: Implications for Genetic Counseling"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"19","author":[{"given":"Vandana","family":"Shashi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics Duke University Health Sciences Durham NC Box 103857 USA"},{"name":"Wake Forest University Health Sciences Winston\u2010Salem NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matcheri","family":"Keshavan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica","family":"Kaczorowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kelly","family":"Schoch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics Duke University Health Sciences Durham NC Box 103857 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn E.","family":"Lewandowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyn","family":"McConkie\u2010Rosell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics Duke University Health Sciences Durham NC Box 103857 USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen R.","family":"Hooper","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics University of North Carolina School of Medicine Chapel Hill NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas R.","family":"Kwapil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of North Carolina at Greensboro Greensboro NC USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/pir.21.8.265"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2788.2006.00859.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ajmg.1359"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Family stress management","volume":"8","author":"Boss P.","year":"1988","journal-title":"Family Studies Text Series"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Briegel W. 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