{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T13:21:24Z","timestamp":1772803284488,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]],"date-time":"2014-09-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1410912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>One factor women consider when deciding whether to pursue amniocentesis is the risk of miscarriage. People use mechanisms like anchoring, or the prior belief regarding the magnitude of risk, as a frame of reference for new information. This study aimed to determine a woman's perception of miscarriage risk associated with amniocentesis before and after genetic counseling and to determine what factors anchor a woman's perception of miscarriage risk. One hundred thirteen women being seen for prenatal genetic counseling and possible amniocentesis at six Houston clinics participated in the two\u2010part anonymous survey. While most women (56.7 %) perceived the risk as low or average pre\u2010counseling and indicated the numeric risk of amniocentesis as &lt;1 %, significantly more patients (73 %) correctly identified the numeric risk as &lt;1 % post\u2010counseling (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). However, the majority of patients\u2019 qualitative risk perception did not change after the genetic counseling session (60 %). Those who changed their feeling about the risk after counseling showed a decreased perception of the risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Participants who elected amniocentesis had a significantly lower perception of the risk (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.017) whereas those who declined amniocentesis were more likely to view the risk as high (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004). The only two anchoring factors that had an effect were having a friend or relative with a personal or family history of a genetic disorder (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and having a child already (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.038); both were associated with a lower risk perception. The lack of significant factors may reflect the uniqueness of each patient's risk assessment framework and reinforces the importance of genetic counseling to elucidate individual concerns, particularly as non\u2010invasive prenatal testing becomes more widely available and further complicates the prenatal testing landscape.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-014-9761-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,16]],"date-time":"2014-09-16T01:38:24Z","timestamp":1410831504000},"page":"278-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Influence of Anchoring on Miscarriage Risk Perception Associated with Amniocentesis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Regina","family":"Nuccio","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Baptist Memorial Health Care Corporation 2927 Tishomingo Lane Memphis TN 38111 USA"},{"name":"UT Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. Shahrukh","family":"Hashmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston USA"},{"name":"UT Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Joan","family":"Mastrobattista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Baylor College of Medicine Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah Jane","family":"Noblin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jerrie","family":"Refuerzo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janice L.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dynagene\/Labcorp Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claire N.","family":"Singletary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Texas Medical School at Houston Houston USA"},{"name":"UT Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Houston USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","volume-title":"Accreditation council for genetic counseling [Web site]","author":"Accreditation Council for Genetic Counseling","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000291570.63450.44"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-010-9279-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1067\/mob.2001.115049"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.AOG.0000240135.13594.07"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01408656"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.10.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actpsy.2008.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1985.tb03049.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jmg.13.3.182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","unstructured":"Olney R. S. Moore C. A. Khoury M. J. Erickson J. D. Edmonds L. D. &Botto L. D.(1995).Chorionic villus sampling and amniocentesis: Recommendations for prenatal counseling.CDC: Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026314523443"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.6146.1183"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-006-9044-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","first-page":"739","article-title":"Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease in Canada: Report of a collaborative study","volume":"115","author":"Simpson N. 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