{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,14]],"date-time":"2026-03-14T21:20:15Z","timestamp":1773523215083,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498780800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1498780800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000030","name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["N\/A"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["N\/A"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000030","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Waisman Center Core Grant","award":["U54 HD090256"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U54 HD090256"]}]},{"name":"National Human Genome Research Institute (US)","award":["UO1HG8701"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UO1HG8701"]}]},{"name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (US)","award":["UL1TR000427"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR000427"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Journal of Genetic Counseling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> gene has been studied extensively with regard to expansions and premutations, but much less research has focused on potential effects of low CGG repeat length. Previous studies have demonstrated that <jats:italic>BRCA1\/2<\/jats:italic> positive women are more likely to have an <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> genotype with one low CGG allele, and that women with both <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> alleles in the low CGG repeat range are more likely to have had breast cancer compared to women with normal numbers of CGG repeats. However, there has been no research as to whether low CGG repeat length impacts cancer risks in men. Therefore, this study aimed to examine cancer incidence and related risk factors in men with low CGG repeat length in the <jats:italic>FMR1<\/jats:italic> gene. We utilized subject data from the Marshfield Personalized Medicine Research Project to compare cancer\u2010related diagnoses between 878 males with low CGG repeat length (&lt; 24 repeats) and 368 male controls with CGG repeats in the normal range (24 to 40 repeats). We utilized ICD\u20109 codes to examine various cancer diagnoses, family histories of cancer, other non\u2010malignant neoplasms, cancer surveillance, and genetic susceptibility. Men with low CGG repeats were identified to have significantly higher rates of family history of any cancer type (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.011), family history of any <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002), and specifically, family history of prostate cancer (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007). The mean number of <jats:italic>BRCA<\/jats:italic>\u2010associated cancer diagnoses (breast, prostate, pancreatic, and melanoma) per individual in the low CGG group was slightly higher than that of the control group, with this difference trending toward significance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.091). Additionally, men with low CGG repeats had significantly higher rates of connective\/soft tissue neoplasms (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.026). Additional research is needed to replicate the observations reported in this preliminary exploratory study, particularly including verification of ICD\u20109 codes and family history by a genetic counselor.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10897-017-0116-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]],"date-time":"2017-06-30T03:11:35Z","timestamp":1498792295000},"page":"1401-1410","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Is Low <i>FMR1<\/i> CGG Repeat Length in Males Correlated with Family History of <i>BRCA<\/i>\u2010Associated Cancers? An Exploratory Analysis of Medical Records"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"26","author":[{"given":"Hallee C.","family":"Adamsheck","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA"},{"name":"CentraCare Health St. Cloud MN USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Petty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jinkuk","family":"Hong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mei W.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison School of Medicine and Public Health Madison WI USA"},{"name":"Wisconsin State Laboratory of Hygiene Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Murray H.","family":"Brilliant","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute Marshfield WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marsha R.","family":"Mailick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Waisman Center University of Wisconsin\u2010Madison Madison WI USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,6,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","first-page":"110","volume-title":"Fragile X syndrome: Diagnosis, treatment and research","author":"Brown W. 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