{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T22:38:48Z","timestamp":1793140728238,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]],"date-time":"2013-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]],"date-time":"2013-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1358812800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gambl Stud"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Self-exclusion programs are required to be provided by gambling operators in many international jurisdictions in an attempt to provide an option for those who have gambling problems to avoid further gambling. However, minimal robust and comprehensive research has been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of self-exclusion programs. There is much scope for reform and greater cohesion between jurisdictions, particularly neighbouring jurisdictions that would offer greater protection to individuals and industry bodies. This review outlines the evidence surrounding existing self-exclusion strategies, the benefits and limitations of such programs, and provides potential recommendations for an effective intervention program. Research suggests that self-exclusion programs are under-utilised by problem gamblers and are not completely effective in preventing individuals from gambling in venues from which they have excluded, or on other forms. Nonetheless, self-report indicates that self-excluders generally experience benefits from programs, including decreased gambling and increased psychological wellbeing and overall functioning. There are many areas in which existing programs could be improved, such as providing more resources for excluded individuals and reducing barriers to program entry, and more research is needed. However, self-exclusion programs are an important component of any public health strategy that aims to minimise gambling-related harms and these should be based as far as possible on empirical evidence for effective program components.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,21]],"date-time":"2013-01-21T00:28:35Z","timestamp":1358728115000},"page":"229-251","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":88,"title":["Review of Self-exclusion from Gambling Venues as an Intervention for Problem Gambling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"Sally M.","family":"Gainsbury","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9362_CR2","unstructured":"Abbott, J., Francis, K., Dowling, N., & Coull, D. (2011, Nov). Motivators and barriers to joining a self-exclusion program. NAGS 21st annual international conference, Crown Conference Centre, Melbourne."},{"key":"9362_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790601157830","volume":"7","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2007","unstructured":"Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Nower, L. (2007). Self-exclusion: A proposed gateway to treatment model. International Gambling Studies,\n                  7, 59\u201371.","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1360-0443.2002.00015.x","volume":"97","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Blaszczynski, A., & Nower, L. (2002). A pathways model of problem and pathological gambling. Addiction,\n                  97, 487\u2013499.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR6","volume-title":"Australasian Law Teachers Association 2006 refereed conference papers","author":"R Croucher","year":"2006","unstructured":"Croucher, R., & Croucher, J. S. (2006). Excluding the self-excluded: \u2018Reasonable force\u2019 and the problem gambler in Australia. In M. Adams, D. Barker, & S. McGolrick (Eds.), Australasian Law Teachers Association 2006 refereed conference papers. Lindfield: ALTA Secretariat."},{"key":"9362_CR7","unstructured":"Croucher, J. S., Croucher, R. F., & Leslie, J. R. (2006). Report of the Pilot Study on the Self-Exclusion Program conducted by GameChange (NSW)."},{"key":"9362_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2011.03622.x","volume":"107","author":"SR Currie","year":"2012","unstructured":"Currie, S. R., Hodgins, D. C., Casey, D. M., el-Guebaly, N., Smith, G. J., Williams, R. J., et al. (2012). Examining the predictive validity of low risk gambling limits with longitudinal data. Addiction,\n                  107, 400\u2013406.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01392.x","volume":"101","author":"S Currie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Currie, S., Hodgins, D., Wang, J., el-Guebaly, N., Wynne, H., & Chen, S. (2006). Risk of harm among gamblers in the general population as a function of level of participation in gambling activities. Addiction,\n                  101, 570\u2013580.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR10","volume-title":"Meerspelers: Meerjarige monitor en follow-uponderzoek naar amusementscentra en bezoekers [diversive gambling: Multiple year monitor and follow-up survey into amusement arcades and visitors]","author":"DE De Bruin","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Bruin, D. E., Benschop, A., Braam, R., & Korf, D. J. (2006). Meerspelers: Meerjarige monitor en follow-uponderzoek naar amusementscentra en bezoekers [diversive gambling: Multiple year monitor and follow-up survey into amusement arcades and visitors]. Utrecht\/Amsterdam: CVO\/Bonger Instituut."},{"key":"9362_CR11","unstructured":"De Bruin, D. E., Leenders, F. R. J., Fris, M., Verbraeck, H. T., Braam, R. V., & van de Wijngaart, G. F. (2001). Visitors of Holland Casino: Effectiveness of the policy for the prevention of problem gambling. CVO University of Utrecht, the Netherlands: Addictions Research Institute (unpublished English synopsis)."},{"key":"9362_CR12","unstructured":"Department of Internal Affairs. (2006). Gambits. Newsletter of Gambling Compliance. Online URL: http:\/\/www.dia.govt.nz\/pubforms.nsf\/URL\/GambitsJune06.pdf\/$file\/GambitsJune06.pdf."},{"key":"9362_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2010.548393","volume":"11","author":"D Fong","year":"2011","unstructured":"Fong, D., Fong, H. N., & Li, S. Z. (2011). The social cost of gambling in Macao: Before and after the liberalisation of the gaming industry. International Gambling Studies,\n                  11, 43\u201356.","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR14","first-page":"289","volume":"11","author":"S Gainsbury","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011a). Online self-guided Interventions for the treatment of problem gambling international gambling studies,\n                  11, 289\u2013308.","journal-title":"Online self-guided Interventions for the treatment of problem gambling international gambling studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"9362_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2010.11.007","volume":"31","author":"S Gainsbury","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gainsbury, S., & Blaszczynski, A. (2011b). A systematic review of internet-based therapy for the treatment of addictions. Clinical Psychology Review,\n                  31(3), 490\u2013498.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"key":"9362_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-09486-1_12","volume-title":"Problem gambling in Europe: Challenges, prevention and interventions","author":"AE Goudriaan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goudriaan, A. E., De Bruin, D., & Koeter, M. W. J. (2009). The Netherlands. In M. Griffiths, T. Hayer, & G. Meyer (Eds.), Problem gambling in Europe: Challenges, prevention and interventions (pp. 189\u2013208). New York: Springer."},{"key":"9362_CR17","unstructured":"Haefeli, J. (2005). Swiss experience with self-exclusion programs. Paper presented at Discovery 2005, Niagara Falls, ON, Canada."},{"key":"9362_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9227-8","volume":"27","author":"T Hayer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayer, T., & Meyer, G. (2011a). Self-exclusion as a harm minimization strategy: Evidence from the casino sector from selected European countries. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  27, 685\u2013700.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-010-9288-z","volume":"9","author":"T Hayer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hayer, T., & Meyer, G. (2011b). Internet self-exclusion: Characteristics of self-excluded gamblers and preliminary evidence for its effectiveness. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction,\n                  9, 307\u2013596.","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR20","unstructured":"Hing, N., Nuske, E., & Gainsbury, S. (2011). Gamblers at-risk and their help-seeking behaviour. Lismore, NSW, Australia: Centre for Gambling Education & Research, Southern Cross University. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.gamblingresearch.org.au\/CA256DB1001771FB\/HomePage?ReadForm&1=Home~&2=~&3=~."},{"key":"9362_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1874","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62185-X","volume":"378","author":"DC Hodgins","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hodgins, D. C., Stea, J. N., & Grant, J. E. (2011). Gambling disorders. Lancet,\n                  378, 1874\u20131884.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9362_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1009488308348","volume":"16","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ladouceur, R., Jacques, C., Giroux, I., Ferland, F., & Leblond, J. (2000). Brief communications: Analysis of a casino\u2019s self-exclusion program. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  16, 453\u2013460.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-006-9032-6","volume":"23","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ladouceur, R., Sylvain, C., & Gosselin, P. (2007). Self-exclusion program: A longitudinal evaluation study. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  23, 85\u201394.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2011.598540","volume":"11","author":"DR Lalande","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lalande, D. R., & Ladouceur, R. (2011). Can cybernetics inspire gambling research? A limit-based conceptualization of self-control. International Gambling Studies,\n                  11, 237\u2013252.","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370805300108","volume":"53","author":"DA LaPlante","year":"2008","unstructured":"LaPlante, D. A., Nelson, S. E., LaBrie, R. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (2008). Stability and progression of disordered gambling: Lessons from longitudinal studies. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry\/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie,\n                  53, 52\u201360.","journal-title":"The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry\/La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie"},{"key":"9362_CR26","unstructured":"Missouri Gaming Commission. (2008). Voluntary exclusion program. Retrieved June 7, 2010, from http:\/\/www.mgc.dps.mo.gov\/prob_gambling\/pg_vep.htm."},{"key":"9362_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024259521729","volume":"19","author":"F Napolitano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Napolitano, F. (2003). The self-exclusion program: Legal and clinical considerations. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  19, 303\u2013315.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR28","volume-title":"Pathological gambling: A critical review","author":"National Research Council","year":"1999","unstructured":"National Research Council. (1999). Pathological gambling: A critical review. Washington, DC: National Academy Press."},{"key":"9362_CR29","volume-title":"Problem gambling and harm: Working towards a national definition","author":"P Neal","year":"2004","unstructured":"Neal, P., Delfabbro, P., & O\u2019Neill, M. (2004). Problem gambling and harm: Working towards a national definition. Melbourne: National Gambling Research Program Working Party."},{"key":"9362_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-009-9157-5","volume":"26","author":"SE Nelson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nelson, S. E., Kleschinsky, J. H., LaBrie, R. A., Kaplan, S., & Shaffer, H. J. (2010). One decade of self exclusion: Missouri casino self-excluders four to ten years after enrolment. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  26, 129\u2013144.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR3","unstructured":"Nielsen, A. C. (2007). Final report prevalence of gambling and problem gambling in NSW\u2014A community survey 2006. NSW Office of Liquor, Gaming and Racing Department of the Arts, Sport and Recreation. http:\/\/www.olgr.nsw.gov.au\/pdfs\/rr_prevalence_gambling.pdf. Accessed June 11, 2010."},{"key":"9362_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/14459790208732297","volume":"2","author":"R Nowatzki","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nowatzki, R., & Williams, R. J. (2002). Casino self-exclusion programmes: A review of the issues. International Gambling Studies,\n                  2, 3\u201325.","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9004-2","volume":"22","author":"L Nower","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nower, L., & Blaszczynski, A. (2006). Characteristics and gender differences among self-excluded casino problem gamblers: Missouri data. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  22, 81\u201399.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1037\/a0013233","volume":"23","author":"LM Nower","year":"2008","unstructured":"Nower, L. M., & Blaszczynski, A. P. (2008). Characteristics of problem gamblers 56\u00a0years of age or older: A statewide study of casino self-excluders. Psychology and Aging,\n                  23, 577\u2013584.","journal-title":"Psychology and Aging"},{"key":"9362_CR34","volume-title":"Part A\u2014Evaluation of self-exclusion programs in Victoria and Part B\u2014Summary of self-exclusion programs in Australian States and Territories","author":"M O\u2019Neil","year":"2003","unstructured":"O\u2019Neil, M., Whetton, S., Dolman, B., Herbert, M., Giannopolous, V., O\u2019Neil, D., et al. (2003). Part A\u2014Evaluation of self-exclusion programs in Victoria and Part B\u2014Summary of self-exclusion programs in Australian States and Territories. Melbourne: Gambling Research Panel."},{"key":"9362_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v66n0504","volume":"66","author":"NM Petry","year":"2005","unstructured":"Petry, N. M., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2005). Comorbidity of DSM-IV pathological gambling and other psychiatric disorders: Results from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions. Journal of Clinical Psychiatry,\n                  66, 564\u2013574.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"9362_CR36","unstructured":"Productivity Commission. (2010). Gambling. Report no. 50, Canberra."},{"key":"9362_CR37","volume-title":"Queensland Household Gambling Survey 2003\u201304","author":"Queensland Government","year":"2006","unstructured":"Queensland Government. (2006). Queensland Household Gambling Survey 2003\u201304. Brisbane: Queensland Government."},{"key":"9362_CR38","volume-title":"Queensland responsible gambling code of practice report on the cultural shift review","author":"Queensland Government","year":"2007","unstructured":"Queensland Government. (2007). Queensland responsible gambling code of practice report on the cultural shift review. Brisbane: Queensland Government."},{"key":"9362_CR39","unstructured":"Responsible Gambling Council. (2008). From enforcement to assistance: Evolving best practices in self-exclusion. Discussion paper by the Responsible Gambling Council."},{"key":"9362_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2005.01200.x","volume":"100","author":"H Schaffer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Schaffer, H. (2005). From disabling to enabling the public interest: Natural transitions from gambling exposure to adaptation and self-regulation\u2014Commentary. Addiction,\n                  100, 1227\u20131230.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR41","unstructured":"Schrans, T., Schellinck, T., & Grace, J. (2004). 2004 NS VL self exclusion program process test: Final report. Report submitted to the Nova Scotia Gaming Corporation."},{"key":"9362_CR42","unstructured":"South Australian Department of Health. (2006). Gambling prevalence in South Australia: October to December 2005. Prepared for SA Department for Families and Communities and the Independent Gambling Authority."},{"key":"9362_CR43","first-page":"257","volume":"11","author":"J Svensson","year":"2011","unstructured":"Svensson, J., & Romild, R. (2011). Incident Internet gambling in Sweden: Results from the Swedish longitudinal gambling study. International Gambling Studies,\n                  11, 257\u2013375.","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-007-9075-7","volume":"5","author":"P Townshend","year":"2007","unstructured":"Townshend, P. (2007). Self-exclusion in a public health environment: An effective treatment option in New Zealand. International Journal of Mental Health Addiction,\n                  5, 390\u2013395.","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health Addiction"},{"key":"9362_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9110-z","volume":"24","author":"N Tremblay","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tremblay, N., Boutin, C., & Ladouceur, R. (2008). Improved Self-exclusion program: Preliminary results. Journal of Gambling Studies,\n                  24, 505\u2013518.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"9362_CR46","unstructured":"Verlik, K. (2008). Casino and racing entertainment centre voluntary self-exclusion program evaluation. Paper presented at the 7th European conference on gambling studies and policy issues, Nova Gorica, Slovenia, July 1\u20134, 2008. Retrieved from: http:\/\/easg.org\/website\/conference.cfm?id=14&cid=14&section=PRESENTATIONS."},{"key":"9362_CR47","volume-title":"British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010","author":"H Wardle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wardle, H., Moody, A., Spence, S., Orford, J., Volberg, R., Jotangia, D., et al. (2011). British Gambling Prevalence Survey 2010. London: National Centre for Social Research."},{"key":"9362_CR48","unstructured":"Williams, R. J., West, B. L., & Simpson, R. I. (2007). Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence. Report prepared for the Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre, Guelph, Ontario, Canada."},{"key":"9362_CR49","volume-title":"Internet gambling: prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options","author":"R Wood","year":"2010","unstructured":"Wood, R., & Williams, R. (2010). Internet gambling: prevalence, patterns, problems, and policy options. Guelph, ON: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Centre."}],"container-title":["Journal of Gambling Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T17:41:22Z","timestamp":1630518082000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9362"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9362-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-3602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-3602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 January 2013","order":1,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}]}}