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Jens Kalke has received grants for gambling research from the Federal Ministry of Health, the Ministries of Health of Hamburg, Hesse and Schleswig-Holstein, several federal lottery companies and state-licenced casinos. Tobias Hayer and Tim Brosowski\u00a0declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures performed were in accordance with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments. A written declaration of agreement from parents was a general precondition of participation in the study. In addition and regardless of this, the young persons were able at any time to refuse to participate in the survey. 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