{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T06:25:17Z","timestamp":1792823117523,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629676800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"Universitat de Valencia"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gambl Stud"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Gambling is legal in most countries. However, despite having some economic benefits, certain characteristics of gambling can have health consequences, rendering it a public health issue. The effects can be summarized according to the following three \u201claws\u201d of ethical gambling: \u201cGambling Dynamics Law\u201d: companies\u2019 economic gains come directly from players\u2019 losses; \u201cExpected Loss Law\u201d: the more one gambles, the greater the probability of losing; and \u201cAddiction Law\u201d: the more one gambles, the greater the need to play again, leading to further losses. Ludens is a gambling addiction prevention program that has four goals: inform participants about gambling and gambling addiction; sensitize participants to the risk of gambling for health, especially addiction; promote a change in attitudes toward gambling; and alert participants to risky behaviors that can lead to addiction. The prevention program was implemented during 2017 to 2019. Fourteen psychologists presented it to 2372 adolescents (48.8% females, 51.2% males) aged 14\u201319\u00a0years, none of whom were university students, recruited from 42 Spanish high schools in 132 groups taking different courses. The main dependent variables analyzed were the monthly frequencies of gambling, at-risk gambling, and gambling addiction (as measured by the National Opinion Research Center DSM-IV Screen for Gambling Problems, adapted to diagnose gambling disorder according to DSM-5, in which pathological gambling is considered an addictive disorder). Given that all of the gamblers were adolescents (most were minors), fulfilment of 1\u20133 the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria was considered to indicate a risk of problem gambling. After the administration of Ludens, statistically significant reductions were observed in the three variables of interest: monthly frequency of gambling, percentage of adolescents with risky gambling, and percentage of adolescents with gambling disorder. The results were analyzed according to sex and age (minors vs. adolescents between 18 and 19\u00a0years old). The results obtained after applying the prevention program indicate that Ludens is effective as a universal prevention program for gambling addiction.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]],"date-time":"2021-08-23T15:06:03Z","timestamp":1629731163000},"page":"993-1008","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Ludens: A Gambling Addiction Prevention Program Based on the Principles of Ethical Gambling"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4324-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mariano","family":"Ch\u00f3liz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marta","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Bueno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"reference":[{"key":"10066_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1980). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). American Psychiatric Association Pub."},{"key":"10066_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (1987). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Revised Third Edition (DSM-III-R). American Psychiatric Association Pub."},{"key":"10066_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5). American Psychiatric Association Pub."},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0","volume":"27","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2011","unstructured":"Blaszczynski, A., Collins, P., Fong, D., Ladouceur, R., Nower, L., Shaffer, H. J., & Venisse, J. L. (2011). Responsible gambling: General principles and minimal requirements. Journal of Gambling Studies, 27(4), 565\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-010-9214-0","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040281.49444.e2","volume":"20","author":"A Blaszczynski","year":"2004","unstructured":"Blaszczynski, A., Ladouceur, R., & Shaffer, H. J. (2004). A science-based framework for responsible gambling: The Reno Model. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(3), 301\u2013317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040281.49444.e2","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5","volume":"33","author":"F Calado","year":"2017","unstructured":"Calado, F., Alexandre, J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Prevalence of adolescent problem gambling: A systematic review of recent research. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 397\u2013424. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-016-9627-5","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10066_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09908-2","author":"F Calado","year":"2019","unstructured":"Calado, F., Alexandre, J., Rosenfeld, L., Pereira, R., & Griffiths, M. D. (2019). The efficacy of a gambling prevention program among high-school students. Journal of Gambling Studies. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09908-2","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10066_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2015.10.012","volume":"55","author":"N Canale","year":"2016","unstructured":"Canale, N., Vieno, A., Griffiths, M. D., Marino, C., Chieco, F., Disperati, F., & Santinello, M. (2016). The efficacy of a web-based gambling intervention program for high school students: A preliminary randomized study. Computers in Human Behavior, 55, 946\u2013954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2015.10.012","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"10066_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/j.ctvx077sp","volume-title":"Vicious games: Capitalism and gambling (anthropology, culture and society)","author":"R Cassidy","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cassidy, R. (2020). Vicious games: Capitalism and gambling (anthropology, culture and society). Pluto Press."},{"issue":"6","key":"10066_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1041","volume":"160","author":"RA Chambers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chambers, R. A., Taylor, J. R., & Potenza, M. N. (2003). Developmental neurocircuitry of motivation in adolescence: A critical period of addiction vulnerability. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(6), 1041\u20131052. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.6.1041","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10066_CR11","volume-title":"Ludens: programa de prevenci\u00f3n de la adicci\u00f3n al juego [Ludens: a gambling addiction prevention program]","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ch\u00f3liz, M. (2017). Ludens: programa de prevenci\u00f3n de la adicci\u00f3n al juego [Ludens: a gambling addiction prevention program]. Psylicom."},{"key":"10066_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00012","volume":"6","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ch\u00f3liz, M. (2018). Ethical gambling: A necessary new point of view of gambling in public health policies. Frontiers in Public Health, 6, 12. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpubh.2018.00012","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10066_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-019-00067-4","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ch\u00f3liz, M., Marcos, M., & L\u00e1zaro-Mateo, J. (2019). The risk of online gambling: A study of gambling disorder prevalence rates in Spain. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-019-00067-4","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.886","volume":"28","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ch\u00f3liz, M., & S\u00e1iz-Ruiz, J. (2016a). Why is it (also) so difficult to legislate gambling in Spain? \u201cDeja vu\u201d of what occurred with alcohol. Adicciones, 28(4), 189\u2013194.","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.20882\/adicciones.820","volume":"28","author":"M Ch\u00f3liz","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ch\u00f3liz, M., & S\u00e1iz-Ruiz, J. (2016b). Regulating gambling to prevent addiction: More necessary now than ever. Adicciones, 28(3), 174\u2013181.","journal-title":"Adicciones"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-016-0105-z","volume":"3","author":"P Delfabbro","year":"2016","unstructured":"Delfabbro, P., King, D. L., & Derevensky, J. L. (2016). Adolescent gambling and problem gambling: Prevalence, current issues, and concerns. Current Addiction Reports, 3(3), 268\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-016-0105-z","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-013-9398-1","volume":"30","author":"MA Donati","year":"2014","unstructured":"Donati, M. A., Primi, C., & Chiesi, F. (2014). Prevention of problematic gambling behavior among adolescents: Testing the efficacy of an integrative intervention. Journal of Gambling Studies, 30(4), 803\u2013818. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-013-9398-1","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014528128578","volume":"18","author":"F Ferland","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ferland, F., Ladouceur, R., & Vitaro, F. (2002). Prevention of problem gambling: Modifying misconceptions and increasing knowledge. Journal of Gambling Studies, 18(1), 19\u201329.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10066_CR20","volume-title":"Gambling impact and behavior study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission","author":"D Gerstein","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gerstein, D., Volberg, R. A., Toce, M. T., Harwood, H., Johnson, R. A., Buie, T., & Hill, M. A. (1999). Gambling impact and behavior study: Report to the National Gambling Impact Study Commission. National Opinion Research Center."},{"key":"10066_CR100","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez, D. (2020). Pathological gambling preventions programs in adolescence: A systematic revision. Unpublished thesis master. University of Valencia, Spain."},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023068925328","volume":"14","author":"R Gupta","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gupta, R., & Derevensky, J. L. (1998). Adolescent gambling behavior: A prevalence study and examination of the correlates associated with problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 14(4), 319\u2013345.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"6","key":"10066_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-017-9746-y","volume":"15","author":"L Hancock","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hancock, L., & Smith, G. (2017). Critiquing the Reno Model I-IV international influence on regulators and governments (2004\u20132015)\u2014the distorted reality of \u201cresponsible gambling.\u201d International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 15(6), 1151\u20131176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-017-9746-y","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9668-4","volume":"33","author":"A Huic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huic, A., Kranzelic, V., Hundric, D. D., & Ricijas, N. (2017). Who really wins? Efficacy of a Croatian youth gambling prevention program. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(3), 1011\u20131033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-017-9668-4","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023005115932","volume":"15","author":"DA Korn","year":"1999","unstructured":"Korn, D. A., & Shaffer, H. J. (1999). Gambling and the health of the public: Adopting a public health perspective. Journal of Gambling Studies, 15(4), 289\u2013365.","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10066_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1080\/19325037.2003.10603560","volume":"34","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., & Fournier, P. M. (2003). Correction of erroneous perceptions among primary school students regarding the notions of chance and randomness in gambling. American Journal of Health Education, 34(5), 272\u2013277. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19325037.2003.10603560","journal-title":"American Journal of Health Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOPP.0000048024.37066.32","volume":"25","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., & Vitaro, F. (2004). Prevention of problem gambling: Modifying misconceptions and increasing knowledge among Canadian youths. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25(3), 329\u2013335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOPP.0000048024.37066.32","journal-title":"Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.05.002","volume":"30","author":"R Ladouceur","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ladouceur, R., Ferland, F., Vitaro, F., & Pelletier, O. (2005). Modifying youths\u2019 perception toward pathological gamblers. Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 351\u2013354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2004.05.002","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7391-z","volume":"19","author":"T Latvala","year":"2019","unstructured":"Latvala, T., Lintonen, T., & Konu, A. (2019). Public health effects of gambling\u2014debate on a conceptual model. BMC Public Health, 19(1), 1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7391-z","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10066_CR29","volume-title":"It\u2019s your lucky day: Program evaluation","author":"J Lemaire","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lemaire, J., De Lima, S., & Patton, D. (2004). It\u2019s your lucky day: Program evaluation. The Addictions Foundation of Manitoba."},{"key":"10066_CR30","first-page":"1","volume":"2","author":"C Livingstone","year":"2014","unstructured":"Livingstone, C., Rintoul, A., & Francis, L. (2014). What is the evidence for harm minimization measures in gambling venues? Evidence Base, 2, 1\u201324.","journal-title":"Evidence Base"},{"key":"10066_CR31","unstructured":"Lupu, I. R., & Lupu, V. (2013). Gambling prevention program for teenagers. Journal of Cognitive and Behavioral Psychotherapies,\u00a013(2), 575\u2013584. Retrieved from https:\/\/search.proquest.com\/docview\/1499088120?accountid=14777"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359.2014.929118","volume":"23","author":"F Markham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Markham, F., & Young, M. (2015). \u201cBig gambling\u201d: The rise of the global industry\u2013state gambling complex. Addiction Research and Theory, 23(1), 1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/16066359.2014.929118","journal-title":"Addiction Research and Theory"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13178","volume":"111","author":"F Markham","year":"2015","unstructured":"Markham, F., Young, M., & Doran, B. (2015). The relationship between player losses and gambling-related harm: Evidence from nationally representative cross-sectional surveys in four countries. Addiction, 111(2), 320\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13178","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10066_CR34","volume-title":"Theory of games and economic behavior","author":"O Morgenstern","year":"1953","unstructured":"Morgenstern, O., & Von Neumann, J. (1953). Theory of games and economic behavior (Vol. 60). Princeton University Press."},{"key":"10066_CR35","unstructured":"National Institute of Drug Abuse, NIDA (1997). Drug abuse prevention: What works. http:\/\/casat.unr.edu\/bestractices\/bptype.htm"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1378362","volume":"18","author":"E Papineau","year":"2018","unstructured":"Papineau, E., Lacroix, G., Sevigny, S., Biron, J. F., Corneau-Tremblay, N., & Lem\u00e9tayer, F. (2018). Assessing the differential impacts of online, mixed, and offline gambling. International Gambling Studies, 18(1), 69\u201391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2017.1378362","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10066_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1249","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-018-9797-4","volume":"35","author":"BR Parham","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parham, B. R., Robertson, C., Lever, N., Hoover, S., Palmer, T., Lee, P., & Prout, J. (2019). Enhancing the relevance and effectiveness of a youth gambling prevention program for urban, minority youth: A pilot study of Maryland Smart Choices. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(4), 1249\u20131267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-018-9797-4","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-006-9014-z","volume":"4","author":"J Parke","year":"2006","unstructured":"Parke, J., & Griffiths, M. (2006). The psychology of the fruit machine: The role of structural characteristics (revisited). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 4(2), 151\u2013179. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-006-9014-z","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10066_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x","volume":"101","author":"N Petry","year":"2006","unstructured":"Petry, N. (2006). Should the scope of addictive behaviors be broadened to include pathological gambling? Addiction, 101, 152\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01593.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10066_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x","volume":"101","author":"M Potenza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Potenza, M. (2006). Should addictive disorders include non-substance-related conditions? Addiction, 101, 142\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2006.01591.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0212087","volume":"14","author":"J Ren","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ren, J., Moberg, K., Scuffham, H., Guan, D., & Asche, C. V. (2019). Long-term effectiveness of a gambling intervention program among children in central Illinois. PLoS ONE, 14(2), e0212087. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0212087","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10066_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4309\/jgi.2017.36.6","author":"RA St-Pierre","year":"2017","unstructured":"St-Pierre, R. A., Derevensky, J. L., Temcheff, C. E., Gupta, R., & Martin-Story, A. (2017). Evaluation of a school-based gambling prevention program for adolescents: efficacy of using the theory of planned behaviour. Journal of Gambling Issues. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4309\/jgi.2017.36.6","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Issues"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-008-9184-y","volume":"7","author":"LM Taylor","year":"2009","unstructured":"Taylor, L. M., & Hillyard, P. (2009). Gambling awareness for youth: An analysis of the \u2018\u201cDon\u2019t Gamble Away our FutureTM\u201d\u2019 program. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7(1), 250\u2013261. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-008-9184-y","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-012-9293-1","volume":"29","author":"IR Todirita","year":"2013","unstructured":"Todirita, I. R., & Lupu, V. (2013). Gambling prevention program among children. Journal of Gambling Studies, 29(1), 161\u2013169. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-012-9293-1","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10066_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-007-9121-5","volume":"6","author":"N Turner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turner, N., Macdonald, J., Bartoshuk, M., & Zangeneh, M. (2008a). The evaluation of a 1-h prevention program for problem gambling. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 6(2), 238\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-007-9121-5","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9085-1","volume":"24","author":"N Turner","year":"2008","unstructured":"Turner, N., Macdonald, J., & Somerset, M. (2008b). Life skills, mathematical reasoning and critical thinking: A curriculum for the prevention of problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 24(3), 367\u2013380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-007-9085-1","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"5","key":"10066_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.11.009","volume":"52","author":"B Walther","year":"2013","unstructured":"Walther, B., Hanewinkel, R., & Morgenstern, M. (2013). Short-term effects of a school-based program on gambling prevention in adolescents. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(5), 599\u2013605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2012.11.009","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"key":"10066_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l1807","volume":"365","author":"H Wardle","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wardle, H., Reith, G., Langham, E., & Rogers, R. D. (2019). Gambling and public health: We need policy action to prevent harm. BMJ, 365, 1807. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.l1807","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10066_CR49","unstructured":"Williams, R. J., West, B. L., & Simpson, R. I. (2012). Prevention of problem gambling: A comprehensive review of the evidence and identified best practices. Gelph: Ontario Problem Gambling Research Center and Ontario Ministry of Health and Long Term Care."},{"key":"10066_CR50","volume-title":"Prevention of problem gambling: A school-based intervention","author":"RJ Williams","year":"2002","unstructured":"Williams, R. J. (2002). Prevention of problem gambling: A school-based intervention. Alberta Gaming Research Institute."},{"issue":"1","key":"10066_CR51","first-page":"47","volume":"16","author":"RJ Williams","year":"2004","unstructured":"Williams, R. J., Connolly, D., Wood, R., Currie, S., & Davis, R. (2004). Program findings that inform curriculum development for the prevention of problem gambling. Gambling Research: Journal of the National Association for Gambling Studies (australia), 16(1), 47\u201369.","journal-title":"Gambling Research: Journal of the National Association for Gambling Studies (australia)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10066_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/s10935-010-0212-x","volume":"31","author":"RJ Williams","year":"2010","unstructured":"Williams, R. J., Wood, R. T., & Currie, S. R. (2010). Stacked deck: An effective, school-based program for the prevention of problem gambling. The Journal of Primary Prevention, 31(3), 109\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10935-010-0212-x","journal-title":"The Journal of Primary Prevention"},{"key":"10066_CR53","unstructured":"World Health Organization (2021). Manual of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases, Injuries, and Causes of Death, 11th Revision. https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en#\/http%3a%2f%2fid.who.int%2ficd%2fentity%2f499894965."},{"key":"10066_CR54","volume-title":"Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, 9th Revision","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1977","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (1977). Manual of the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries, and causes of death, 9th Revision. World Health Organization Pub."}],"container-title":["Journal of Gambling Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,25]],"date-time":"2022-08-25T14:33:27Z","timestamp":1661438007000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10066"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10066-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-3602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-3602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,23]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 August 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 August 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with any gambling company. The authors subscribe to the Auckland Code of Ethics for gambling researchers.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study is in accordance with the ethical standards of the Spanish government and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments. All data are anonymous and are in accordance with Spanish Law 3\/2018, on the protection of personal data.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}