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The data were drawn from the population-based Gambling Harms Survey 2016 and 2017 conducted in Finland. The data were linked to register-based variables. Past-year gamblers were included (Wave 1; n\u2009=\u20095 805, both Waves; n\u2009=\u20092 165). The study showed that of the 4.2\u2009% of gamblers that produced 50.0\u2009% of the total GE in 2016, 33.1\u2009% of the GE was produced by those with a gambling problem and 43.3\u2009% by those with at-risk gambling pattern. Compared to gamblers in the lowest GE group, those in the highest GE group were more likely to be men, aged 25 or older, with upper secondary education, have a high income, be on disability pension or sickness allowance, be frequent gamblers, gambling at least six game types, and showing at-risk and problem gambling patterns. Cumulative weekly GE by income tertiles remained fairly stable between the years. The results suggest that GE is highly concentrated. Among the small group of high-intensity consumers, the majority of the revenue comes from at-risk and problem gambling. Participants in the low GE group differ from those in the intermediate and high GE groups in terms of socio-demographics and gambling behaviour.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10075-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,5]],"date-time":"2021-10-05T03:15:26Z","timestamp":1633403726000},"page":"1093-1109","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Socio-Demographic Factors, Gambling Behaviour, and the Level of Gambling Expenditure: A Population-Based Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9888-9300","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tanja","family":"Gr\u00f6nroos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Kouvonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jukka","family":"Kontto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne H.","family":"Salonen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"10075_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: DSM-5","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2013","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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Potential participants were aware of the voluntary participation and gave verbal informed consent. In accordance with the national data protection regulations of the time, potential participants received information that participating the study involved the register-linkage. In the letter to potential participants, information about the registrars and their statutory right to disclose data for scientific purposes were described. The Ethics Committee of Statistics Finland has given approval (5\/2016, 17.11.2016) to the use of socio-demographic data and an application for the licence has been approved (Dnro TK-53-1418-18). The results of the study are presented in such a way that the respondents cannot be identified on the basis of the results.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"The authors declare no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and\/or publication of this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest Declaration"}}]}}