{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,31]],"date-time":"2026-10-31T02:10:35Z","timestamp":1793412635806,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":108,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640044800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005774","name":"Universitat de Barcelona","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005774","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Gambl Stud"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>The rising prevalence of gambling disorder (GD) among women has awakened considerable interest in the study of therapeutic outcomes in females. This study aimed to explore profiles of women seeking treatment for GD based on a set of indicators including sociodemographic features, personality traits, clinical state at baseline, and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) outcomes. Two-step clustering, an agglomerative hierarchical classification system, was applied to a sample of <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009163 women of ages ranging from 20 to 73\u00a0years-old, consecutively attended to by a clinical unit specialized in the treatment of G. Three mutually exclusive clusters were identified. Cluster C1 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200967, 41.1%) included the highest proportion of married, occupationally active patients within the highest social status index. This cluster was characterized by medium GD severity levels, the best psychopathological functioning, and the highest mean in the self-directedness trait. C1 registered 0% dropouts and only 14.9% relapse. Cluster C2 (<jats:italic>n\u2009<\/jats:italic>=\u200963; 38.7%) was characterized by the lowest GD severity, medium scores for psychopathological measures and a high risk of dropout during CBT. Cluster C3 (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933; 20.2%) registered the highest GD severity, the worst psychopathological state, the lowest self-directedness level and the highest harm-avoidance level, as well as the highest risk of relapse. These results provide new evidence regarding the heterogeneity of women diagnosed with GD and treated with CBT, based on the profile at pre- and post-treatment. Person-centered treatments should include specific strategies aimed at increasing self-esteem, emotional regulation capacities and self-control of GD women.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]],"date-time":"2021-12-21T11:03:49Z","timestamp":1640084629000},"page":"1469-1491","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Clustering Treatment Outcomes in Women with Gambling Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Milagros Lizbeth","family":"Lara-Huallipe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6308-3198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roser","family":"Granero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Moragas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amparo","family":"del Pino-Gutierrez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eduardo","family":"Valenciano-Mendoza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernat","family":"Mora-Maltas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabel","family":"Baenas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mikel","family":"Etxandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 M.","family":"Mench\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Susana","family":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10092_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-0-387-68560-1","volume-title":"Survival and event history analysis: a process point of view","author":"OO Aalen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Aalen, O. O., Borgan, O., & Gjessing, H. K. (2008). Survival and event history analysis: a process point of view. Springer."},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000516","volume":"32","author":"MW Abbott","year":"2019","unstructured":"Abbott, M. W. (2019). Professionally delivered interventions for gambling disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 32(4), 313\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000516","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1503\/jpn.090095","volume":"36","author":"EM Alvarez-Moya","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alvarez-Moya, E. M., Ochoa, C., Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Aymam\u00ed, M. N., G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a, M., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2011). Effect of executive functioning, decision-making and self-reported impulsivity on the treatment outcome of pathologic gambling. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience\u202f: JPN, 36(3), 165\u2013175. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/jpn.090095","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience : JPN"},{"key":"10092_CR4","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition-Rev) (4th Rev)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2010","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2010). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fourth Edition-Rev) (4th Rev). American Psychiatric Association."},{"key":"10092_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1007\/978-981-10-5562-1_16","volume":"1010","author":"H An","year":"2017","unstructured":"An, H., He, R.-H., Zheng, Y.-R., & Tao, R. (2017). Cognitive-behavioral therapy. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, 1010, 321\u2013329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-981-10-5562-1_16","journal-title":"Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2015.1024706","volume":"15","author":"M Andronicos","year":"2015","unstructured":"Andronicos, M., Beauchamp, G., DiMambro, M., Robert, M., Besson, J., & S\u00e9guin, M. (2015). Do male and female gamblers have the same burden of adversity over their life course? International Gambling Studies, 15(2), 224\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2015.1024706","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"Suppl 6","key":"10092_CR7","first-page":"371","volume":"30","author":"R Babi\u0107","year":"2018","unstructured":"Babi\u0107, R., Babi\u0107, D., Martinac, M., Pavlovic, M., Vasilj, I., Miljko, M., & Vasilj, M. (2018). Addictions without drugs: contemporary addictions or way of life? Psychiatria Danubina, 30(Suppl 6), 371\u2013379.","journal-title":"Psychiatria Danubina"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1159\/000356904","volume":"20","author":"A Bischof","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bischof, A., Meyer, C., Bischof, G., Guertler, D., Kastirke, N., John, U., & Rumpf, H.-J. (2014). Association of sociodemographic, psychopathological and gambling-related factors with treatment utilization for pathological gambling. European Addiction Research, 20(4), 167\u2013173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000356904","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"issue":"8","key":"10092_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12946","volume":"110","author":"C Blanco","year":"2015","unstructured":"Blanco, C., Hanania, J., Petry, N. M., Wall, M. M., Wang, S., Jin, C. J., & Kendler, K. S. (2015). Towards a comprehensive developmental model of pathological gambling. Addiction (abingdon, England), 110(8), 1340\u20131351. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12946","journal-title":"Addiction (abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"7","key":"10092_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291706007410","volume":"36","author":"C Blanco","year":"2006","unstructured":"Blanco, C., Hasin, D. S., Petry, N., Stinson, F. S., & Grant, B. F. (2006). Sex differences in subclinical and DSM-IV pathological gambling: results from the national epidemiologic survey on alcohol and related conditions. Psychological Medicine, 36(7), 943\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0033291706007410","journal-title":"Psychological Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-007-9056-6","volume":"23","author":"R Boughton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Boughton, R., & Falenchuk, O. (2007). Vulnerability and comorbidity factors of female problem gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 23(3), 323\u2013334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-007-9056-6","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.3.7","volume":"3","author":"B Braun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Braun, B., Ludwig, M., Sleczka, P., B\u00fchringer, G., & Kraus, L. (2014). Gamblers seeking treatment: who does and who doesn\u2019t? Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 3(3), 189\u2013198. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/JBA.3.2014.3.7","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"8","key":"10092_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1428","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13388","volume":"111","author":"GS Brunborg","year":"2016","unstructured":"Brunborg, G. S., Hanss, D., Mentzoni, R. A., Molde, H., & Pallesen, S. (2016). Problem gambling and the five-factor model of personality: a large population-based study. Addiction (abingdon, England), 111(8), 1428\u20131435. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13388","journal-title":"Addiction (abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","volume":"5","author":"F Calado","year":"2016","unstructured":"Calado, F., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Problem gambling worldwide: an update and systematic review of empirical research (2000\u20132015). Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 592\u2013613. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.073","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10092_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1961","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01961","volume":"8","author":"Challet-Bouju, G., Bruneau, M., IGNACE Group, C., Victorri-Vigneau, C., & Grall-Bronnec, M","year":"2017","unstructured":"Challet-Bouju, G., Bruneau, M., IGNACE Group, C., Victorri-Vigneau, C., & Grall-Bronnec, M. (2017). Cognitive remediation interventions for gambling disorder: a systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2017.01961","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e389","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000000389","volume":"94","author":"C-Y Chen","year":"2015","unstructured":"Chen, C.-Y., Lin, S.-H., Li, P., Huang, W.-L., & Lin, Y.-H. (2015). The role of the harm avoidance personality in depression and anxiety during the medical internship. Medicine, 94(2), e389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MD.0000000000000389","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"10092_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cloninger, C. R., Przybeck, T. R., Syrakic, D. M., Wetzel, R. D. (1994). The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI). A guide to its development and use. Washington University, St. Louis, MO: Center for Psychobiology of Personality","DOI":"10.1037\/t03902-000"},{"issue":"5","key":"10092_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1708\/2040.22162","volume":"50","author":"G Coriale","year":"2015","unstructured":"Coriale, G., Ceccanti, M., De Filippis, S., Falletta Caravasso, C., & De Persis, S. (2015). Gambling disorder: epidemiology, diagnosis, interpretative models and intervention. Rivista Di Psichiatria, 50(5), 216\u2013227. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1708\/2040.22162","journal-title":"Rivista Di Psichiatria"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1159\/000437260","volume":"22","author":"S Cowlishaw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Cowlishaw, S., & Kessler, D. (2016). Problem Gambling in the UK: implications for health, psychosocial adjustment and health care utilization. European Addiction Research, 22(2), 90\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000437260","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10092_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD008937","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD008937.pub2","volume":"11","author":"S Cowlishaw","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cowlishaw, S., Merkouris, S., Dowling, N., Anderson, C., Jackson, A., & Thomas, S. (2012). Psychological therapies for pathological and problem gambling. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 11, CD008937. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD008937.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040280.64348.d1","volume":"20","author":"BR Crisp","year":"2004","unstructured":"Crisp, B. R., Thomas, S. A., Jackson, A. C., Smith, S., Borrell, J., Ho, W., & Thomason, N. (2004). Not the same: a comparison of female and male clients seeking treatment from problem gambling counselling services. Journal of Gambling Studies, 20(3), 283\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOGS.0000040280.64348.d1","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1300\/J069v25n03_07","volume":"25","author":"PN Dannon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Dannon, P. N., Lowengrub, K., Shalgi, B., Sasson, M., Tuson, L., Saphir, Y., & Kotler, M. (2006). Dual psychiatric diagnosis and substance abuse in pathological gamblers: a preliminary gender comparison study. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 25(3), 49\u201354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1300\/J069v25n03_07","journal-title":"Journal of Addictive Diseases"},{"key":"10092_CR23","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R. (1997). SCL-90-R. Cuestionario de 90 s\u00edntomas. Madrid: TEA Ediciones"},{"key":"10092_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.028","volume":"148","author":"M Di Nicola","year":"2015","unstructured":"Di Nicola, M., Tedeschi, D., De Risio, L., Pettorruso, M., Martinotti, G., Ruggeri, F., & Janiri, L. (2015). Co-occurrence of alcohol use disorder and behavioral addictions: relevance of impulsivity and craving. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 148, 118\u2013125. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.028","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"key":"10092_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E101","DOI":"10.1017\/sjp.2014.88","volume":"17","author":"D D\u00edez","year":"2014","unstructured":"D\u00edez, D., Aragay, N., Soms, M., Prat, G., & Casas, M. (2014). Male and female pathological gamblers: bet in a different way and show different mental disorders. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 17, E101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/sjp.2014.88","journal-title":"The Spanish Journal of Psychology"},{"key":"10092_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.004","volume":"44","author":"J Dion","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dion, J., Cantinotti, M., Ross, A., & Collin-V\u00e9zina, D. (2015). Sexual abuse, residential schooling and probable pathological gambling among Indigenous Peoples. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44, 56\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chiabu.2015.03.004","journal-title":"Child Abuse & Neglect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10092_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415575774","volume":"49","author":"NA Dowling","year":"2015","unstructured":"Dowling, N. A., Cowlishaw, S., Jackson, A. C., Merkouris, S. S., Francis, K. L., & Christensen, D. R. (2015). Prevalence of psychiatric co-morbidity in treatment-seeking problem gamblers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 49(6), 519\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0004867415575774","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"10092_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.028","volume":"262","author":"P Dunsmuir","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dunsmuir, P., Smith, D., Fairweather-Schmidt, A. K., Riley, B., & Battersby, M. (2018). Gender differences in temporal relationships between gambling urge and cognitions in treatment-seeking adults. Psychiatry Research, 262, 282\u2013289. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2018.02.028","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.04.003","volume":"35","author":"L Fattore","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fattore, L., Melis, M., Fadda, P., & Fratta, W. (2014). Sex differences in addictive disorders. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 272\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.yfrne.2014.04.003","journal-title":"Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology"},{"key":"10092_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1993.10476358","volume":"88","author":"H Finner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Finner, H. (1993). On a monotonicity problem in step-down multiple test procedures. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 88, 920\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01621459.1993.10476358","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1037\/a0026422","volume":"26","author":"EE Fortune","year":"2012","unstructured":"Fortune, E. E., & Goodie, A. S. (2012). Cognitive distortions as a component and treatment focus of pathological gambling: a review. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 26(2), 298\u2013310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0026422","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10092_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.09.023","volume":"41","author":"SM Gainsbury","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gainsbury, S. M., Russell, A., Blaszczynski, A., & Hing, N. (2015). The interaction between gambling activities and modes of access: a comparison of Internet-only, land-based only, and mixed-mode gamblers. Addictive Behaviors, 41, 34\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.09.023","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-014-9493-y","volume":"31","author":"K Gomes","year":"2015","unstructured":"Gomes, K., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2015). A Resource model of change: client factors that influence problem gambling treatment outcomes. Journal of Gambling Studies, 31(4), 1651\u20131669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-014-9493-y","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10092_CR34","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez de Rivera, J. L., Derogatis, L. R., De las Cuevas, C., Gracia Marco, R., Rodr\u00edguez-Pulido, F., Henry-Ben\u00edtez, M., Monterrey, A. L. (1989). The Spanish version of the SCL-90-R. Normative data in the general population. Towson: Clinical Psychometric Research."},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.93","volume":"7","author":"R Granero","year":"2018","unstructured":"Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Mestre-Bach, G., Steward, T., Garc\u00eda-Caro, B., Prever, F., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2018). Clustering of treatment-seeking women with gambling disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 770\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.93","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"key":"10092_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09922-4","author":"R Granero","year":"2020","unstructured":"Granero, R., Jimenez-Murcia, S., Del Pino-Gutierrez, A., Mena-Moreno, T., Mestre-Bach, G., Gomez-Pena, M., & Fernandez-Aranda, F. (2020). Gambling phenotypes in older adults. Journal of Gambling Studies, in Press. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09922-4","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies, in Press."},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.07.005","volume":"50","author":"R Granero","year":"2009","unstructured":"Granero, R., Penelo, E., Mart\u00ednez-Gim\u00e9nez, R., \u00c1lvarez-Moya, E., G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a, M., Aymam\u00ed, M. N., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2009). Sex differences among treatment-seeking adult pathologic gamblers. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 50(2), 173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.07.005","journal-title":"Comprehensive Psychiatry"},{"issue":"9","key":"10092_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1206","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.013","volume":"46","author":"JE Grant","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grant, J. E., Chamberlain, S. R., Schreiber, L. R. N., & Odlaug, B. L. (2012). Gender-related clinical and neurocognitive differences in individuals seeking treatment for pathological gambling. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 46(9), 1206\u20131211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.05.013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"11","key":"10092_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182718a4d","volume":"200","author":"JE Grant","year":"2012","unstructured":"Grant, J. E., Odlaug, B. L., & Mooney, M. E. (2012). Telescoping phenomenon in pathological gambling: association with gender and comorbidities. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 200(11), 996\u2013998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3182718a4d","journal-title":"The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR40","first-page":"8","volume":"32","author":"JA Guti\u00e9rrez-Zotes","year":"2004","unstructured":"Guti\u00e9rrez-Zotes, J. A., Bay\u00f3n, C., Montserrat, C., Valero, J., Labad, A., Cloninger, C. R., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F. (2004). Temperament and character inventory revised (TCI-R) standardization and normative data in a general population sample. Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatria, 32(1), 8\u201315.","journal-title":"Actas Espa\u00f1olas de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"10092_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S226982","volume":"12","author":"A H\u00e5kansson","year":"2019","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson, A., & Ford, M. (2019). The general population\u2019s view on where to seek treatment for gambling disorder\u2013a general population survey. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 12, 1137\u20131146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S226982","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"key":"10092_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00426","volume":"9","author":"A H\u00e5kansson","year":"2018","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson, A., Karlsson, A., & Widinghoff, C. (2018). Primary and secondary diagnoses of gambling disorder and psychiatric comorbidity in the swedish health care system-a nationwide register study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2018.00426","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"10092_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.2147\/PRBM.S248540","volume":"13","author":"A H\u00e5kansson","year":"2020","unstructured":"H\u00e5kansson, A., & Widinghoff, C. (2020). Gender Differences in problem gamblers in an online gambling setting. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 13, 681\u2013691. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/PRBM.S248540","journal-title":"Psychology Research and Behavior Management"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-016-9705-z","volume":"16","author":"M Hartmann","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hartmann, M., & Blaszczynski, A. (2018). The Longitudinal relationships between psychiatric disorders and gambling disorders. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(1), 16\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-016-9705-z","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10092_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9601-y","volume":"14","author":"J Haw","year":"2016","unstructured":"Haw, J., & Holdsworth, L. (2016). Gender differences in the temporal sequencing of problem gambling with other disorders. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 14, 687\u2013699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-015-9601-y","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9548-8","volume":"32","author":"N Hing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hing, N., Russell, A., Tolchard, B., & Nower, L. (2016). Risk factors for gambling problems: an analysis by gender. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 511\u2013534. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-015-9548-8","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-015-9571-9","volume":"32","author":"N Hing","year":"2016","unstructured":"Hing, N., Russell, A. M. T., Vitartas, P., & Lamont, M. (2016). Demographic, behavioural and normative risk factors for gambling problems amongst sports bettors. Journal of Gambling Studies, 32(2), 625\u2013641. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-015-9571-9","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.72","volume":"72","author":"DC Hodgins","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hodgins, D. C., & Guebaly-el, N. (2004). Retrospective and prospective reports of precipitants to relapse in pathological gambling. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology., 72(1), 72\u201380. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0022-006X.72.1.72","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology."},{"issue":"6","key":"10092_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-015-9572-z","volume":"13","author":"DC Hodgins","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hodgins, D. C., & Holub, A. (2015). Components of impulsivity in gambling disorder. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 13(6), 699\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-015-9572-z","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10092_CR50","first-page":"21","volume":"8","author":"AB Hollingshead","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hollingshead, A. B. (2011). Four factor index of social status. Yale Journal of Sociology, 8, 21\u201351.","journal-title":"Yale Journal of Sociology"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1177\/1094428117744021","volume":"21","author":"M Howard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Howard, M., & Hoffman, M. (2017). Variable-centered, person-centered, and person-specific approaches: where theory metes the method. Organizational Research Methods, 21(4), 846\u2013876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1094428117744021","journal-title":"Organizational Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.4088\/jcp.v64n0311","volume":"64","author":"A Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ib\u00e1\u00f1ez, A., Blanco, C., Moreryra, P., & S\u00e1iz-Ruiz, J. (2003). Gender differences in pathological gambling. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 64(3), 295\u2013301. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4088\/jcp.v64n0311","journal-title":"The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry"},{"key":"10092_CR53","unstructured":"IBM-Corp. (2016). IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 24.0. Arkmonk, NY: IBM Corp"},{"issue":"5","key":"10092_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1080\/10503300601158822","volume":"17","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., \u00c1lvarez-Moya, E. M., Granero, R., Aymami, M. N., G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a, M., Jaurrieta, N., & Vallejo, J. (2007). Cognitive-behavioral group treatment for pathological gambling: analysis of effectiveness and predictors of therapy outcome. Psychotherapy Research, 17(5), 544\u2013552. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10503300601158822","journal-title":"Psychotherapy Research"},{"key":"10092_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00465","author":"Susana Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, Susana, Del Pino-Guti\u00e9rrez, A., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Granero, R., Hak\u00e4nsson, A., T\u00e1rrega, S., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2016). Treatment outcome in male gambling disorder patients associated with alcohol use. Frontiers in Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2016.00465","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10092_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1595","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12232","volume":"109","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Granero, R., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2014). Gambling in Spain: update on experience, research and policy. Addiction, 109(10), 1595\u20131601. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12232","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"579","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9631-9","volume":"33","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Mestre-Bach, G., Granero, R., T\u00e1rrega, S., Torrubia, R., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2017). Exploring the Relationship between reward and punishment sensitivity and gambling disorder in a clinical sample: a path modeling analysis. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(2), 579\u2013597. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-016-9631-9","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1159\/000369528","volume":"21","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Arcelus, J., Aymam\u00ed, M. N., G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a, M., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2015). Predictors of outcome among pathological gamblers receiving cognitive behavioral group therapy. European Addiction Research, 21(4), 169\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000369528","journal-title":"European Addiction Research"},{"key":"10092_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.001","volume":"60","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Aymam\u00ed, N., G\u00f3mez-Pe\u00f1a, M., Mestre-Bach, G., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2019). Developmental trajectories of gambling severity after cognitive-behavioral therapy. European Psychiatry, 60, 28\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.04.001","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18722","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-73806-6","volume":"10","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Granero, R., Gim\u00e9nez, M., Del Pino-Guti\u00e9rrez, A., Mestre-Bach, G., Mena-Moreno, T., & Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F. (2020). Contribution of sex on the underlying mechanism of the gambling disorder severity. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 18722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-73806-6","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-008-9104-x","volume":"25","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Stinchfield, R., Alvarez-Moya, E., Jaurrieta, N., Bueno, B., Granero, R., & Vallejo, J. (2009). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a Spanish translation of a measure of DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. Journal of Gambling Studies, 25(1), 93\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-008-9104-x","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9657-z","volume":"33","author":"S Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S., Tremblay, J., Stinchfield, R., Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Mestre-Bach, G., & Mench\u00f3n, J. M. (2017). The Involvement of a concerned significant other in gambling disorder treatment outcome. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(3), 937\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-016-9657-z","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.112","volume":"7","author":"A Karlsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Karlsson, A., & H\u00e5kansson, A. (2018). Gambling disorder, increased mortality, suicidality, and associated comorbidity: a longitudinal nationwide register study. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(4), 1091\u20131099. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.112","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1037\/a0028086","volume":"17","author":"K Kelley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kelley, K., & Preacher, K. J. (2012). On effect size. Psychological Methods, 17(2), 137\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0028086","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","volume":"16","author":"E Langham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Langham, E., Thorne, H., Browne, M., Donaldson, P., Rose, J., & Rockloff, M. (2016). Understanding gambling related harm: a proposed definition, conceptual framework, and taxonomy of harms. BMC Public Health, 16(1), 80. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-016-2747-0","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10092_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1353\/mpq.2006.0029","volume":"52","author":"B Laursen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laursen, B., & Hoff, E. (2006). Person-centered and variable-centered approaches to longitudinal data. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52, 377\u2013389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/mpq.2006.0029","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9677-3","volume":"33","author":"DM Ledgerwood","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ledgerwood, D. M., & Arfken, C. L. (2017). Assessing the need for higher levels of care among problem gambling outpatients. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(4), 1263\u20131275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-017-9677-3","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09895-4","volume":"36","author":"DM Ledgerwood","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ledgerwood, D. M., Dyshniku, F., McCarthy, J. E., Ostojic-Aitkens, D., Forfitt, J., & Rumble, S. C. (2020). Gambling-related cognitive distortions in residential treatment for gambling disorder. Journal of Gambling Studies, 36(2), 669\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09895-4","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10092_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106683","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106683","volume":"113","author":"N Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9, N., Mestre-Bach, G., Lozano-Madrid, M., Granero, R., Vintr\u00f3-Alcaraz, C., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2021). Gender and gambling disorder: differences in compulsivity-related neurocognitive domains. Addictive Behaviors, 113, 106683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106683","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10092_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.06.006","author":"N Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mallorqu\u00ed-Bagu\u00e9, N., Vintr\u00f3-Alcaraz, C., Verdejo-Garc\u00eda, A., Granero, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Maga\u00f1a, P., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2019). Impulsivity and cognitive distortions in different clinical phenotypes of gambling disorder: profiles and longitudinal prediction of treatment outcomes. European Psychiatry. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.eurpsy.2019.06.006","journal-title":"European Psychiatry"},{"key":"10092_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.08.003","volume":"257","author":"G Maniaci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Maniaci, G., La Cascia, C., Picone, F., Lipari, A., Cannizzaro, C., & La Barbera, D. (2017). Predictors of early dropout in treatment for gambling disorder: the role of personality disorders and clinical syndromes. Psychiatry Research, 257, 540\u2013545. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.psychres.2017.08.003","journal-title":"Psychiatry Research"},{"key":"10092_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106378","volume":"106","author":"LA Marchica","year":"2020","unstructured":"Marchica, L. A., Keough, M. T., Montreuil, T. C., & Derevensky, J. L. (2020). Emotion regulation interacts with gambling motives to predict problem gambling among emerging adults. Addictive Behaviors, 106, 106378. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2020.106378","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"key":"10092_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.6092\/2282-1619\/2013.1.897","author":"L Marco","year":"2013","unstructured":"Marco, L. (2013). Relationship between temperament and anxiety disorders: a systematic review. Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.6092\/2282-1619\/2013.1.897","journal-title":"Mediterranean Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10092_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0238978","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0238978","volume":"15","author":"S Mathieu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mathieu, S., Barrault, S., Brunault, P., & Varescon, I. (2020). The role of gambling type on gambling motives, cognitive distortions, and gambling severity in gamblers recruited online. PLoS ONE, 15(10), e0238978. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0238978","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10092_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.06.004","volume":"48","author":"SS Merkouris","year":"2016","unstructured":"Merkouris, S. S., Thomas, S. A., Browning, C. J., & Dowling, N. A. (2016). Predictors of outcomes of psychological treatments for disordered gambling: a systematic review. Clinical Psychology Review, 48, 7\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cpr.2016.06.004","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.074","volume":"5","author":"G Mestre-Bach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mestre-Bach, G., Granero, R., Steward, T., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Ba\u00f1o, M., Aymam\u00ed, N., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2016). Reward and punishment sensitivity in women with gambling disorder or compulsive buying: Implications in treatment outcome. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(4), 658\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.074","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-015-0459-0","volume":"15","author":"L Moragas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Moragas, L., Granero, R., Stinchfield, R., Fern\u00e1ndez-Aranda, F., Fr\u00f6berg, F., Aymam\u00ed, N., & Jim\u00e9nez-Murcia, S. (2015). Comparative analysis of distinct phenotypes in gambling disorder based on gambling preferences. BMC Psychiatry, 15(1), 86. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-015-0459-0","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"10092_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"882","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x","volume":"24","author":"B Muth\u00e9n","year":"2000","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n, B., & Muth\u00e9n, L. K. (2000). Integrating person-centered and variable-centered analyses: growth mixture modeling with latent trajectory classes. Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research, 24(6), 882\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02070.x","journal-title":"Alcoholism, Clinical and Experimental Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1515\/nsad-2016-0002","volume":"33","author":"EM Nuske","year":"2016","unstructured":"Nuske, E. M., Holdsworth, L., & Breen, H. (2016). Significant life events and social connectedness in Australian women\u2019s gambling experiences. NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 33(1), 7\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/nsad-2016-0002","journal-title":"NAD Nordic Studies on Alcohol and Drugs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396","volume":"14","author":"KL Nylund","year":"2007","unstructured":"Nylund, K. L., Asparouhov, T., & Muth\u00e9n, B. O. (2007). Deciding on the number of classes in latent class analysis and growth mixture modeling: a Monte Carlo simulation study. Structural Equation Modeling, 14(4), 535\u2013569. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10705510701575396","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"issue":"8","key":"10092_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000290","volume":"31","author":"NM Petry","year":"2017","unstructured":"Petry, N. M., Ginley, M. K., & Rash, C. J. (2017). A systematic review of treatments for problem gambling. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(8), 951\u2013961. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000290","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1111\/add.13968","volume":"113","author":"D Pickering","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pickering, D., Keen, B., Entwistle, G., & Blaszczynski, A. (2018). Measuring treatment outcomes in gambling disorders: a systematic review. Addiction, 113(3), 411\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.13968","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.002","volume":"133","author":"CE Pilver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pilver, C. E., Libby, D. J., Hoff, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2013). Gender differences in the relationship between gambling problems and the incidence of substance-use disorders in a nationally representative population sample. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 133(1), 204\u2013211. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.002","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.12.013","volume":"47","author":"CE Pilver","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pilver, C. E., Libby, D. J., Hoff, R. A., & Potenza, M. N. (2013). Problem gambling severity and the incidence of axis I psychopathology among older adults in the general population. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(4), 534\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2012.12.013","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatric Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-005-9002-4","volume":"22","author":"MN Potenza","year":"2006","unstructured":"Potenza, M. N., Maciejewski, P. K., & Mazure, C. M. (2006). A gender-based examination of past-year recreational gamblers. Journal of Gambling Studies, 22(1), 41\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-005-9002-4","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10092_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (5th ed). Washington D.C.: Author.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"10092_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S118818","volume":"13","author":"G Quintero","year":"2016","unstructured":"Quintero, G. (2016). A biopsychological review of gambling disorder. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 13, 51\u201360. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/NDT.S118818","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment"},{"key":"10092_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.010","volume":"43","author":"I Ramos-Grille","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ramos-Grille, I., Gom\u00e0-i-Freixanet, M., Aragay, N., Valero, S., & Vall\u00e8s, V. (2015). Predicting treatment failure in pathological gambling: the role of personality traits. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 54\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.010","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"7","key":"10092_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.2147\/SAR.S83460","volume":"17","author":"C Rash","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rash, C., Weinstock, J., & Van Patten, R. (2016). A review of gambling disorder and substance use disorders. Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation, 17(7), 3\u201313. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/SAR.S83460","journal-title":"Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.7.2018.52","volume":"7","author":"G Rogier","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rogier, G., & Velotti, P. (2018). Conceptualizing gambling disorder with the process model of emotion regulation. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(2), 239\u2013251. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.7.2018.52","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.032","volume":"5","author":"S Ronzitti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ronzitti, S., Lutri, V., Smith, N., Clerici, M., & Bowden-Jones, H. (2016). Gender differences in treatment-seeking british pathological gamblers. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(2), 231\u2013238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.032","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1556\/2006.5.2016.068","volume":"5","author":"S Ronzitti","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ronzitti, S., Soldini, E., Lutri, V., Smith, N., Clerici, M., & Bowden-Jones, H. (2016). Types of gambling and levels of harm: a UK study to assess severity of presentation in a treatment-seeking population. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 5(3), 439\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1556\/2006.5.2016.068","journal-title":"Journal of Behavioral Addictions"},{"issue":"4","key":"10092_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-017-9686-2","volume":"33","author":"S Ronzitti","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ronzitti, S., Soldini, E., Smith, N., Clerici, M., & Bowden-Jones, H. (2017). Gambling disorder: exploring pre-treatment and in-treatment dropout predictors a study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(4), 1277\u20131292. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-017-9686-2","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10092_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","volume":"20","author":"PJ Rousseeuw","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rousseeuw, P. J. (1987). Silhouettes: a graphical aid to the interpretation and validation of cluster analysis. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 20, 53\u201365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0377-0427(87)90125-7","journal-title":"Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1080\/14459795.2017.1333131","volume":"17","author":"K Shannon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shannon, K., Anjoul, F., & Blaszczynski, A. (2017). Mapping the proportional distribution of gambling-related harms in a clinical and community sample. International Gambling Studies, 17(3), 366\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14459795.2017.1333131","journal-title":"International Gambling Studies"},{"key":"10092_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Singer, J. D., Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied longitudinal data analysis: modeling change and event occurrence. In Journal of the American Statistical Association. New York: Oxford University Press","DOI":"10.1093\/acprof:oso\/9780195152968.001.0001"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12717","volume":"110","author":"WS Slutske","year":"2015","unstructured":"Slutske, W. S., Piasecki, T. M., Deutsch, A. R., Statham, D. J., & Martin, N. G. (2015). Telescoping and gender differences in the time course of disordered gambling: evidence from a general population sample. Addiction (abingdon, England), 110(1), 144\u2013151. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12717","journal-title":"Addiction (abingdon, England)"},{"key":"10092_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.04.001","volume":"48","author":"D Smith","year":"2015","unstructured":"Smith, D., Battersby, M., & Harvey, P. (2015). Does gender moderate the subjective measurement and structural paths in behavioural and cognitive aspects of gambling disorder in treatment-seeking adults? Addictive Behaviors, 48, 12\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2015.04.001","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.180","volume":"160","author":"R Stinchfield","year":"2003","unstructured":"Stinchfield, R. (2003). Reliability, validity, and classification accuracy of a measure of dsm-iv diagnostic criteria for pathological gambling. American Journal of Psychiatry, 160(1), 180\u2013182. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.1.180","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-019-09851-2","volume":"35","author":"K Sundqvist","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sundqvist, K., & Rosendahl, I. (2019). Problem gambling and psychiatric comorbidity-risk and temporal sequencing among women and men: results from the swelogs case-control study. Journal of Gambling Studies, 35(3), 757\u2013771. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-019-09851-2","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"1","key":"10092_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-016-9618-6","volume":"33","author":"JL Tackett","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tackett, J. L., Krieger, H., Neighbors, C., Rinker, D., Rodriguez, L., & Edward, G. (2017). Comorbidity of alcohol and gambling problems in emerging adults: a bifactor model conceptualization. Journal of Gambling Studies, 33(1), 131\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-016-9618-6","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1023\/a:1016620513381","volume":"17","author":"H Tavares","year":"2001","unstructured":"Tavares, H., Zilberman, M. L., Beites, F. J., & Gentil, V. (2001). Gender differences in gambling progression. Journal of Gambling Studies, 17(2), 151\u2013159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/a:1016620513381","journal-title":"Journal of Gambling Studies"},{"issue":"3","key":"10092_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1080\/09638237.2016.1207235","volume":"26","author":"B Tolchard","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tolchard, B. (2017). Cognitive-behavior therapy for problem gambling: a critique of current treatments and proposed new unified approach. Journal of Mental Health (abingdon, England), 26(3), 283\u2013290. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09638237.2016.1207235","journal-title":"Journal of Mental Health (abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"6","key":"10092_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1007\/s10597-009-9244-1","volume":"45","author":"T Toneatto","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toneatto, T., & Wang, J. J. (2009). Community treatment for problem gambling: sex differences in outcome and process. Community Mental Health Journal, 45(6), 468\u2013475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10597-009-9244-1","journal-title":"Community Mental Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10092_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1097\/02024458-201509000-00008","volume":"6","author":"J Tremblay","year":"2015","unstructured":"Tremblay, J., Savard, A. C., Blanchette-Martin, N., Dufour, M., Bertrand, K., Ferland, F., & Saint Jacques, M. (2015). Integrative couple treatment for pathological gambling\/ICT-PG: description of the therapeutic process. Canadian Journal of Addiction, 6(2), 54\u201361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/02024458-201509000-00008","journal-title":"Canadian Journal of Addiction"},{"key":"10092_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1353\/mpq.2006.0032","volume":"52","author":"A Von Eye","year":"2006","unstructured":"Von Eye, A., & Bogat, G. A. (2006). Person-oriented and variable-oriented research: concepts, results, and development. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 52, 390\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/mpq.2006.0032","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"10092_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s11469-008-9174-0","volume":"7","author":"HG Wenzel","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wenzel, H. G., & Dahl, A. A. (2009). Female pathological gamblers-a critical review of the clinical findings. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 7, 190\u2013202. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11469-008-9174-0","journal-title":"International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction"},{"key":"10092_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.011","volume":"43","author":"I Yakovenko","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yakovenko, I., Quigley, L., Hemmelgarn, B. R., Hodgins, D. C., & Ronksley, P. (2015). The efficacy of motivational interviewing for disordered gambling: systematic review and meta-analysis. Addictive Behaviors, 43, 72\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addbeh.2014.12.011","journal-title":"Addictive Behaviors"}],"container-title":["Journal of Gambling Studies"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,12]],"date-time":"2022-11-12T05:40:35Z","timestamp":1668231635000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"references-count":108,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10092"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10899-021-10092-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-3602"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-3602","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 November 2021","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 December 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"FFA received consultancy honoraria from Novo Nordisk and editorial honoraria as EIC from Wiley. The rest of the authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All procedures were carried in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. This research was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Bellvitge University Hospital (Ref: PR329\/19). All subjects were informed about the study and all provided informed consent.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}}]}}