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This study describes expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising during three national lockdowns, compares expenditure to pre-pandemic estimates, and compares changes in expenditure by subsector. Data come from an observational study of weekly expenditure on paid-for gambling advertising in the United Kingdom (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009135 weeks; beginning 2019 to mid-2021), focusing on three COVID-19 lockdowns: (1) March-May 2020; (2) November-December 2020; and (3) January-March 2021. We descriptively analysed how total advertising expenditure in each lockdown (\u00a3GBP, inflation-adjusted) compared to the same time points in 2019, both overall and by subsector (bookmakers, lotteries, online bingo, online casino and poker, gaming, pools, mobile content). Gambling advertising expenditure during lockdown one was 38.5% lower than 2019 (\u00a343.5 million[m] vs. \u00a370.7\u00a0m, respectively), with decreases across all subsectors (range: -81.7% [bookmakers] to -2.8% [online bingo]). Total advertising expenditure in lockdown two was 49.3% higher than 2019 (\u00a351.7\u00a0m vs. \u00a334.6\u00a0m), with increases for 5\/7 subsectors (range: -31.6% [mobile content] to +\u2009103.8% [bookmakers]). In lockdown three, advertising expenditure was 5.9% higher than 2019 (\u00a391.2\u00a0m vs. \u00a386.1\u00a0m), with increases for 4\/7 subsectors (range: -92.4% [pools] to +\u200949.2% [mobile content]). Reductions in advertising expenditure in lockdown one are congruent with self-reported reductions in overall gambling also observed during this period. Further research is needed to determine whether increased advertising expenditure in lockdowns two and three correlates with increased gambling, overall and for specific subsectors.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-022-10153-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]],"date-time":"2022-08-29T03:16:42Z","timestamp":1661743002000},"page":"1451-1465","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Expenditure on Paid-for Gambling Advertising During the National COVID-19 \u2018Lockdowns\u2019: An Observational Study of Media Monitoring Data from the United Kingdom"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9145-8874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nathan","family":"Critchlow","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5873-3632","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kate","family":"Hunt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1361-3706","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heather","family":"Wardle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3066-4604","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martine","family":"Stead","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,8,29]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"10153_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2968","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15449","volume":"116","author":"Y Allami","year":"2021","unstructured":"Allami, Y., Hodgins, D. 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She was remunerated by the Gambling Commission (the industry regulator) for this. She is a member of the World Health Organization panel on gambling and in 2019 worked on a study looking at gambling and suicide funded by GambleAware. Nathan Critchlow and Martine Stead have worked together on one study funded by GambleAware, which examined the impact of gambling marketing on young people and vulnerable groups.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"This is an observational study that does not involve any study human participants or animals conducted by any of the authors. A research checklist was approved by the University of Stirling\u2019s General University Ethics Panel (approved: 8th June 2020).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent"}}]}}