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The present study investigated whether those with a disability benefit had an increased risk of developing GD using a case-control design. The study sample was retrieved from the Norwegian Patient Registry (NPR, <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20095,131) and consisted of all adults in Norway (18 years and older) who had received a GD diagnosis (F63.0 according to ICD-10) between 2008 and 2018. The study group was age and sex matched with a random sample from the (1) general population (FD-trygd, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930,164), and (2) and individuals with other somatic or psychiatric illnesses (NPR, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200930,476). The results of logistic regression analysis showed that people receiving disability benefit had higher odds of later being diagnosed with GD compared to the general population (odds ratio [OR]\u2009=\u20092.27, 95% CI [2.02, 2.54]), and compared to individuals in the NPR (OR\u2009=\u20092.13, 95% CI [1.90, 2.38]). Recipients of disability benefit constitute a group who is vulnerable in terms of developing GD. Although the present study found evidence for a prospective association, causality could not be established. The study identified a cohort that may benefit from targeted prevention and intervention strategies regarding gambling behavior.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10899-024-10368-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,17]],"date-time":"2025-01-17T20:30:49Z","timestamp":1737145849000},"page":"1349-1360","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Disability Benefit and Gambling Disorder: A Longitudinal Study Based on National Registry Data"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6106-6447","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eirin","family":"Kolberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6306-2239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Otto R. 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Ethical approval for the study was granted by the Regional Committee for Medical and Health Related Research Ethics in Western Norway (no. 30393). A Data Protection Impact Assessment (DPIA), made in collaboration with the University of Bergen, was approved by the Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen. Because the data were anonymized before it was obtained by the authors, the Ethics committee granted a waiver regarding informed consent.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests except MDG. MDG has received research funding from Norsk Tipping (the gambling operator owned by the Norwegian government). MDG has received funding for a number of research projects in the area of gambling education for young people, social responsibility in gambling and gambling treatment from Gamble Aware (formerly the Responsibility in Gambling Trust), a charitable body which funds its research program based on donations from the gambling industry. MDG undertakes consultancy for various gambling companies in the area of player protection and harm-minimization in gambling.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}}]}}