{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T15:41:44Z","timestamp":1786981304765,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617321600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["D43 TW007267"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["D43 TW007267"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]],"date-time":"2021-04-02T01:02:27Z","timestamp":1617325347000},"page":"992-999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predictors of Seat-Belt Use among Bus Passengers in Ghana: An Application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Belief Model"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"46","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7756-2085","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Okyere","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Agyei-Baffour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muriel Jean","family":"Harris","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Mock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Donkor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isaac Kofi","family":"Yankson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Owusu-Dabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"980_CR1","unstructured":"World Health Organisation. (2018). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2018. World Health Organization."},{"key":"980_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1108\/9781848552517","volume-title":"The Handbook of Road Safety Measures","author":"R Elvik","year":"2009","unstructured":"Elvik, R., Vaa, T., Hoye, A., & Sorensen, M. (2009). The Handbook of Road Safety Measures. . Emerald Publishing Limited."},{"issue":"4","key":"980_CR3","first-page":"470","volume":"44","author":"CY Kuo","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kuo, C. Y., Chiou, H. Y., Lin, J. W., Tsai, S. H., Chiang, Y. H., Lin, C. M., & Chiu, W. T. (2015). Seat-belt use and traumatic brain injury in taiwan: A 16-year study. Iranian Journal of Public Health, 44(4), 470\u2013478.","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"980_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.12.1881","volume":"30","author":"BH Kwak","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kwak, B. H., Ro, Y. S., Shin, S. D., Song, K. J., Kim, Y. J., & Jang, D. B. (2015). Preventive effects of seat-belt on clinical outcomes for road traffic injuries. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 30(12), 1881\u20131888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3346\/jkms.2015.30.12.1881.","journal-title":"Journal of Korean Medical Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"980_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1136\/ip.2006.012153","volume":"13","author":"M Zhu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhu, M., Cummings, P., Chu, H., & Cook, L. J. (2007). Association of rear seat safety belt use with death in a traffic crash: A matched cohort study. Injury Prevention, 13(3), 183\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/ip.2006.012153.","journal-title":"Injury Prevention"},{"key":"980_CR6","unstructured":"WHO. (2013). Global Status Report on Road Safety 2013: Supporting a decade of action. World Health Organization."},{"key":"980_CR7","unstructured":"Cades, D., Young, D., Glazek, K., Nauhaus, G., & Alper, S. (2013). Motorcoach Seat-belt Use Rates in the United States. Proceedings of the 2nd Annual World Conference of the Society for Industrial and Systems Engineering, 2013."},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00005495","volume":"23","author":"PE Iribhogbe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Iribhogbe, P. E., & Osime, C. O. (2008). Compliance with seat-belt use in Benin City. Nigeria. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 23(1), 16\u201319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1049023X00005495.","journal-title":"Nigeria. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine"},{"key":"980_CR9","unstructured":"Building and Road Research Institute - Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. (2016). Final report on a study to determine the level of compliance of seatbelt and crash helmet usage in Ghana."},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1080\/21650020.2018.1445977","volume":"6","author":"C Ogunleye-Adetona","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogunleye-Adetona, C., Ojo, T., & Afukaar, F. (2018). Assessment of seat-belt use in University of Cape Coast campus, Ghana Assessment of seat belt use in University of Cape Coast. Urban Planning and Transport Research, 6(1), 22\u201334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21650020.2018.1445977.","journal-title":"Urban Planning and Transport Research"},{"key":"980_CR11","unstructured":"National Road Safety Authority. (2018). Statistics: Road Safety Overview. National Road Safety Authority. http:\/\/www.nrsc.gov.gh\/index.php\/statistics"},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2010.535227","volume":"12","author":"M Ali","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ali, M., Haidar, N., Ali, M. M., & Maryam, A. (2011). Determinants of seat-belt use among drivers in Sabzevar, Iran: A comparison of theory of planned behavior and health belief model. Traffic Injury Prevention, 12(1), 104\u2013109.","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"3","key":"980_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2007.10.001","volume":"11","author":"O Simsekoglu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Simsekoglu, O., & Lajunen, T. (2008). Social psychology of seat-belt use: A comparison of theory of planned behavior and health belief model. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 11(3), 181\u2013191. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.trf.2007.10.001.","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour"},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1080\/15389588.2010.532523","volume":"12","author":"SS Tavafian","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tavafian, S. S., Aghamolaei, T., Gregory, D., & Madani, A. (2011). Prediction of seat-belt use among Iranian automobile drivers: application of the theory of planned behavior and the health belief model. Traffic Injury Prevention, 12(1), 48\u201353.","journal-title":"Traffic Injury Prevention"},{"issue":"2","key":"980_CR15","first-page":"253","volume":"21","author":"R Torquato","year":"2012","unstructured":"Torquato, R., Franco, C. M. A., & Bianchi, A. (2012). Seat-belt Use Intention among Brazilian Undergraduate Students. Revista Colombiana De Psicologia, 21(2), 253\u2013263.","journal-title":"Revista Colombiana De Psicologia"},{"key":"980_CR16","first-page":"170","volume-title":"Predicting Health Behaviour, 2nd edi","author":"M Conner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Conner, M., & Sparks, P. (2005). Theory of Planned Behaviour and Health Behaviour. In M. Conner & P. Norman (Eds.), Predicting Health Behaviour, 2nd edi. (p. 170). Open University Press."},{"key":"980_CR17","volume-title":"Theory in a Nutshell","author":"D Nutbeam","year":"2010","unstructured":"Nutbeam, D., Harris, E., & Wise, M. (2010). Theory in a Nutshell. (3rd ed.). The McGraw HillCompanies.","edition":"3"},{"key":"980_CR18","volume-title":"Health Promotion: Discipline, Diversity and Developments","author":"S Murphy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Murphy, S., & Bennet, P. (2002). Health Promotion: Discipline, Diversity and Developments. . Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2003.09.020","volume":"35","author":"T Lajunen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lajunen, T., & Rasanen, M. (2004). Can Social Psychological Models be used to Promote Bicycle Helmet Use among Teenagers? A Comparision of the Health Belief Model, Theory of Planned Behaviour and the Locus of Control. Journal of Safety Research, 35(1), 115\u2013123.","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"},{"key":"980_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-8","author":"P Kasmaei","year":"2014","unstructured":"Kasmaei, P., Amin Shokravi, F., Hidarnia, A., Hajizadeh, E., Atrkar-Roushan, Z., Karimzadeh Shirazi, K., & Montazeri, A. (2014). Brushing behavior among young adolescents: Does perceived severity matter. BMC Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-14-8.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"980_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1080\/07359680802619834","volume":"26","author":"S Deshpande","year":"2009","unstructured":"Deshpande, S., Basil, M. D., & Basil, D. Z. (2009). Factors influencing healthy eating habits among college students: An application of the health belief model. Health Marketing Quarterly, 26(2), 145\u2013164. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07359680802619834.","journal-title":"Health Marketing Quarterly"},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5300-5","volume":"18","author":"A Razmara","year":"2018","unstructured":"Razmara, A., Aghamolaei, T., Madani, A., Hosseini, Z., & Zare, S. (2018). Prediction of safe driving Behaviours based on health belief model: The case of taxi drivers in Bandar Abbas. Iran. BMC Public Health, 18(1), 1\u20138. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-018-5300-5.","journal-title":"Iran. BMC Public Health"},{"key":"980_CR23","unstructured":"Earle, S., Lloyd, C. E., Sidell, M., & Spurr, S. (2007). Theory and research in promoting public health. Sage Publications."},{"key":"980_CR24","volume-title":"Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services (Fourth)","author":"A Bowling","year":"2014","unstructured":"Bowling, A. (2014). Research Methods in Health: Investigating Health and Health Services (Fourth). . Open University Press."},{"key":"980_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1348\/014466601164939","volume":"40","author":"CJ Armitage","year":"2001","unstructured":"Armitage, C. J., & Conner, M. (2001). Efficacy of the theory of planned behaviour: A meta-analytic review. British Journal of Social Psychology, 40, 471\u2013499.","journal-title":"British Journal of Social Psychology"},{"key":"980_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trf.2006.11.003","volume":"10","author":"ME Gras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gras, M. E., Cunil, M., Sullman, M. J. M., Planes, M., & Font-Mayolas, S. (2006). Predictors of seat belt use amongst Spanish drivers. Transportation Research Part F, 10, 263\u2013269.","journal-title":"Transportation Research Part F"},{"key":"980_CR27","unstructured":"Taylor, D., Bury, M., Campling, N., Carter, S., Garfield, S., Newbould, J., & Rennie, T. (2006). A Review of the use of the Health Belief Model ( HBM ), the Theory of Reasoned Action ( TRA ), the Theory of Planned Behaviour ( TPB ) and the Trans-Theoretical Model ( TTM ) to study and predict health related behaviour change. Health (San Francisco), June, 1\u2013215."},{"issue":"1","key":"980_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1080\/07448481.2010.483702","volume":"59","author":"TP Ross","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ross, T. P., Ross, L. T., Rahman, A., & Cataldo, S. (2010). The bicycle helmet attitudes scale: Using the health belief model to predict helmet use among undergraduates. Journal of American College Health, 59(1), 29\u201336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07448481.2010.483702.","journal-title":"Journal of American College Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"980_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.182410","volume":"61","author":"MS Setia","year":"2016","unstructured":"Setia, M. S. (2016). Methodology Series Module 3: Cross-sectional Studies. Indian Journal of Dermatology, 61(3), 261\u2013264.","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Dermatology"},{"key":"980_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsr.2015.03.011","volume":"53","author":"G Bhat","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhat, G., Beck, L., Bergen, G., & Kresnow, M. (2015). Predictors of rear seat-belt use among U. S. adults, 2012 \u2606. Journal of Safety Research, 53, 103\u2013106. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jsr.2015.03.011.","journal-title":"Journal of Safety Research"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,29]],"date-time":"2021-09-29T01:58:03Z","timestamp":1632880683000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,10]]}},"alternative-id":["980"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-021-00980-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-5145","1573-3610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-5145","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"26 September 2020","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 April 2021","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Delarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest<b>.<\/b>","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}}]}}