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Qualitative, semi-structured interviews were conducted with seven transitional housing program staff in northern California, southern California, Florida, Iowa, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and New Jersey (January-April 2021) and six primary care providers serving Veterans experiencing homelessness, four from clinics in California and two from a clinic in North Dakota (July-August 2021). Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using a rapid analysis approach. COVID-19 vaccination rates were between 40 and 60% among Veterans who received care from the primary care providers and between 20 and 90% among Veterans who were enrolled in the transitional housing programs. Barriers that providers and housing staff encountered when getting Veterans vaccinated for COVID-19 included lack of eligibility, the vaccine appointment scheduling process, transportation and communication challenges, Veterans\u2019 distrust in the government, vaccine mandates, and vaccine hesitancy among organization staff. Recommendations to increase COVID-19 vaccine uptake included making vaccination more convenient, using trusted sources such as homeless program staff or Veteran peers to provide educational information about the safety and efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines, and encouraging rather than mandating vaccination. These lessons will enable entities providing care to people experiencing homelessness to develop more effective policies and educational campaigns to improve vaccine acceptance and uptake among this vulnerable population.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]],"date-time":"2022-06-07T10:03:19Z","timestamp":1654596199000},"page":"727-736","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Vaccinating Veterans Experiencing Homelessness for COVID-19: Healthcare and Housing Service Providers\u2019 Perspectives"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"47","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2548-2283","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle D.","family":"Balut","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June L.","family":"Gin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nikola R.","family":"Alenkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aram","family":"Dobalian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"1097_CR1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2022, March 8). 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Retrieved March 11, 2022. https:\/\/teamrubiconusa.org\/blog\/to-end-vaccine-hesitancy-rely-on-americas-most-reliable\/"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,7]],"date-time":"2023-02-07T14:17:18Z","timestamp":1675779438000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,10]]}},"alternative-id":["1097"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-022-01097-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-5145","1573-3610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-5145","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 April 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 June 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"These two studies were reviewed and approved by the VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System Institutional Review Board (Project Numbers: 1616126 [GPD] and 1628537 [HPACT]). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Verbal informed consent was obtained from each participant prior to study inclusion. Involvement in the study was voluntary and there were no repercussions for non-participation. Anonymity and confidentiality of the information was maintained by removing personal identifiers from the data. The notes and audio tapes are kept in secured password protected electronic device accessible only to the first author and the co-authors.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}