{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T10:21:19Z","timestamp":1794219679187,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787184000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]],"date-time":"2026-08-20T12:08:15Z","timestamp":1787227695000},"page":"1067-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Out of Pocket Expenses for Birthing in Public and Private Birthing Facilities Among Women Aged 15 to 49 Years in Bihar, India"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"51","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0274-5147","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Prince","family":"Yadav","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dr","family":"Shamshad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1610_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001244","volume":"9","author":"S Basu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Basu, S., Andrews, J., Kishore, S., Panjabi, R., & Stuckler, D. (2012). Comparative performance of private and public healthcare systems in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. PLoS Medicine, 9(6), Article e1001244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001244","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1609.2012.00254.x","volume":"10","author":"P Ith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ith, P., Dawson, A., & Homer, C. (2012). Quality of maternity care practices of skilled birth attendants in Cambodia. International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare, 10(1), 60\u201367.","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare"},{"key":"1610_CR3","unstructured":"United Nations, Sustainable Development Goals, (2016). [Online]. Available: http:\/\/www.un.org\/sustainabledevelopment\/sustainable-development-goals\/"},{"issue":"5","key":"1610_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1065","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-016-2202-y","volume":"21","author":"R Altman","year":"2016","unstructured":"Altman, R., Sidney, K., De Costa, A., Vora, K., & Salazar, M. (2016). Is institutional delivery protective against neonatal mortality among poor or tribal women? A cohort study from Gujarat, India. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21(5), 1065\u20131072. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-016-2202-y","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"9543","key":"1610_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69381-1","volume":"368","author":"OM Campbell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Campbell, O. M., & Graham, W. J. (2006). Strategies for reducing maternal mortality: Getting on with what works. Lancet, 368(9543), 1284\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(06)69381-1","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-03127-z","volume":"20","author":"PL Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul, P. L., & Pandey, S. (2020). Factors influencing institutional delivery and the role of accredited social health activist (ASHA): A secondary analysis of India human development survey 2012. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 445. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-03127-z","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"1610_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.05.007","volume":"8","author":"B Barman","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barman, B., Roy, A., Zaveri, A., Saha, J., & Chouhan, P. (2020). Determining factors of institutional delivery in India: A study from National Family Health Survey-4 (2015\u201316). Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(4), 1335\u20131340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.05.007","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"1610_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1108\/ijse-08-2021-0444","volume":"49","author":"R Kumar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kumar, R., & Mandava, S. (2022). Institutional deliveries in India: A study of associates and inequality. International Journal of Social Economics, 49(5), 726\u2013743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1108\/ijse-08-2021-0444","journal-title":"International Journal of Social Economics"},{"key":"1610_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Van Minde, M. R. C., Lagendijk, J., Raat, H., Steegers, E. a. P., & De Kroon, M. L. A. (2021). An innovative postnatal risk assessment and corresponding care pathways in Preventive Child Healthcare. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 78(3), 739\u2013749. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jan.15003","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15003"},{"key":"1610_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.12927\/hcq.2016.24479","volume":"18","author":"C Forchuk","year":"2016","unstructured":"Forchuk, C., Dickins, K., & Corring, D. J. (2016). Social determinants of health: housing and income. Healthcare Quarterly, 18, 27\u201331.","journal-title":"Healthcare Quarterly"},{"key":"1610_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1865-1380-8-s1-p7","author":"R Shah","year":"2015","unstructured":"Shah, R., Shah, R., Shah, S., Shah, R., Shah, R., Mehta, S., & Rathi, S. (2015). Antibiotic association in patients presented to ED with diarrhoea found positive for C. difficile infection-A retrospective study. International Journal of Emergency Medicine. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1865-1380-8-s1-p7","journal-title":"International Journal of Emergency Medicine"},{"key":"1610_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2018.04.023","volume":"63","author":"A Broda","year":"2018","unstructured":"Broda, A., Kr\u00fcger, J., Schinke, S., & Weber, A. (2018). Determinants of choice of delivery place: Testing rational choice theory and habitus theory. Midwifery, 63, 33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2018.04.023","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"1610_CR13","unstructured":"World Bank Open Data. (2026). World Bank Open Data. https:\/\/data.worldbank.org\/indicator\/SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS"},{"issue":"7","key":"1610_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2007.01855.x","volume":"12","author":"M Mrisho","year":"2007","unstructured":"Mrisho, M., Schellenberg, J. A., Mushi, A. K., Obrist, B., Mshinda, H., Tanner, M., & Schellenberg, D. (2007). Factors affecting home delivery in rural Tanzania. Tropical Medicine & International Health, 12(7), 862\u2013872.","journal-title":"Tropical Medicine & International Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1610_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.10.080663","volume":"89","author":"D Stuckler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stuckler, D., Basu, S., Wang, S. W., & McKee, M. (2011). Does recession reduce global health aid? Evidence from 15 high-income countries, 1975\u20132007. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 89(4), 252\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.10.080663","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"key":"1610_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112799","volume":"301","author":"J Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das, J., Daniels, B., Ashok, M., Shim, E., & Muralidharan, K. (2020). Two Indias: The structure of primary health care markets in rural Indian villages with implications for policy. Social Science & Medicine, 301, Article 112799. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.socscimed.2020.112799","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"1610_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.06.007","volume":"8","author":"S Das","year":"2020","unstructured":"Das, S., Sundaramoorthy, L., & Bhatnagar, T. (2020). Out-of-pocket expenditure for delivery at home and public health facilities in the context of conditional cash transfer and free delivery care programs: An analytical cross-sectional study in South 24 Parganas district, West Bengal, India, 2017. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health, 8(4), 1395\u20131401. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cegh.2020.06.007","journal-title":"Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health"},{"issue":"10160","key":"1610_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31668-4","volume":"392","author":"ME Kruk","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kruk, M. E., Gage, A. D., Joseph, N. T., Danaei, G., Garc\u00eda-Sais\u00f3, S., & Salomon, J. A. (2018). Mortality due to low-quality health systems in the universal health coverage era: A systematic analysis of amenable deaths in 137 countries. Lancet, 392(10160), 2203\u20132212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(18)31668-4","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1610_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ssmhs.2025.100140","volume":"5","author":"A Summan","year":"2025","unstructured":"Summan, A., Nandi, A., Batheja, D., Banerji, A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2025). Public health facility quality and place of delivery in India: A decomposition analysis across wealth groups. SSM - Health Systems, 5, Article 100140. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ssmhs.2025.100140","journal-title":"SSM - Health Systems"},{"key":"1610_CR20","unstructured":"Ani. (2026). India makes significant progress in reducing maternal mortality decline, on course to meet SDG target. The Economic Times. https:\/\/economictimes.indiatimes.com\/news\/india\/india-makes-significant-progress-in-reducing-maternal-mortality-decline-on-course-to-meet-sdg-target\/articleshow\/131395267.cms?from=mdr"},{"key":"1610_CR21","unstructured":"Press Information Bureau (2026). Steps taken for Reducing Maternal Mortality, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleasePage.aspx?PRID=2239637\u00ae=24&lang=15"},{"issue":"6","key":"1610_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0067452","volume":"8","author":"B Randive","year":"2013","unstructured":"Randive, B., Diwan, V., & De Costa, A. (2013). India\u2019s conditional cash transfer programme (the JSY) to promote institutional birth: Is there an association between institutional birth proportion and maternal mortality? PLoS ONE, 8(6), Article e67452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0067452","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"1610_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5752","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1562_20","volume":"9","author":"M Yangala","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yangala, M., Patan, S. K., Deepthi, S., Chaudhuri, S., Duddu, P., Narapureddy, B. R., & Darivemula, S. (2020). Utilization of Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram and estimation of out of pocket expenditure: A prospective follow-up study among mothers and newborns in Chittoor. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(11), 5752\u20135758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_1562_20","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"key":"1610_CR24","unstructured":"Press Information Bureau. (2024). Measures taken by the government to improve institutional delivery among tribal women, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. https:\/\/www.pib.gov.in\/PressReleaseIframePage.aspx?PRID=2118786\u00ae=3&lang=2"},{"key":"1610_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Denham, B.E. (2016). Binary logistic regression. In: B.E. Denham (Ed.), Categorical Statistics for Communication Research.\u00a0https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/9781119407201.ch6","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119407201.ch6"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.04.002","volume":"77","author":"L Doni","year":"2010","unstructured":"Doni, L., Perin, A., Manzione, L., Gebbia, V., Mattioli, R., Speranza, G. B., Latini, L., Iop, A., Bertetto, O., Ferra\u00f9, F., Pugliese, P., Tralongo, P., Zaniboni, A., & Di Costanzo, F. (2010). The impact of anemia on quality of life and hospitalisation in elderly cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology, 77(1), 70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.critrevonc.2010.04.002","journal-title":"Critical Reviews in Oncology\/Hematology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-178","volume":"14","author":"S Hagos","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hagos, S., Shaweno, D., Assegid, M., Mekonnen, A., Afework, M. F., & Ahmed, S. (2014). Utilization of institutional delivery service at Wukro and Butajera districts in the Northern and South-Central Ethiopia. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 14(1), 178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-178","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"2","key":"1610_CR28","first-page":"021001","volume":"10","author":"GL Darmstadt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Darmstadt, G. L., Pepper, K. T., Ward, V. C., Srikantiah, S., Mahapatra, T., Tarigopula, U. K., Bhattacharya, D., Irani, L., Schooley, J., Chaudhuri, I., Dutt, P., Sastry, P., Mitra, R., Chamberlain, S., Monaghan, S., Nanda, P., Atmavilas, Y., Saggurti, N., Borkum, E., & Shah, H. (2020). Improving primary health care delivery in Bihar, India: Learning from piloting and statewide scale-up of Ananya. PubMed, 10(2), 021001.","journal-title":"PubMed"},{"issue":"4","key":"1610_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_982_23","volume":"13","author":"R Kar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kar, R., & Wasnik, A. P. (2024). Determinants of public institutional births in India: An analysis using the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) factsheet data. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 13(4), 1408\u20131420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jfmpc.jfmpc_982_23","journal-title":"Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care"},{"issue":"8","key":"1610_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0160986","volume":"11","author":"S Prinja","year":"2016","unstructured":"Prinja, S., Gupta, A., Verma, R., Bahuguna, P., Kumar, D., Kaur, M., & Kumar, R. (2016). Cost of delivering health care services in public sector primary and community health centres in North India. PLoS ONE, 11(8), Article e0160986. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0160986","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-025-12395-4","volume":"25","author":"A Kumar","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kumar, A., Palle, E., Kodali, P. B., & Thankappan, K. R. (2025). What influences the people\u2019s trust on public healthcare system in Bihar, India? A mixed methods study. BMC Health Services Research, 25(1), 309. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12913-025-12395-4","journal-title":"BMC Health Services Research"},{"key":"1610_CR32","unstructured":"Yadav AS, Tewari V, Cheepi P. Rural health status and health care in bihar: A case study. (2025) Journal Neonatal Surg. 27;14(28S):403\u20139. Available from: https:\/\/www.jneonatalsurg.com\/index.php\/jns\/article\/view\/6616"},{"key":"1610_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pandey, A. (2025). CGHS rate-based private healthcare services in Bihar: a limited reform or a scalable policy opportunity? Economic and Political Weekly. https:\/\/www.epw.in\/journal\/commentary\/cghs-rate-based-private-healthcare-services-bihar.html","DOI":"10.71279\/epw.v60i36.44819"},{"key":"1610_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ansari, S., Rahi, P., Ayyub, S., & Naik, S. G. (2024). Healthcare marketing and patient engagement strategies. In Advances in healthcare information systems and administration book series (pp. 305\u2013330). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4018\/979-8-3693-8552-4.ch010","DOI":"10.4018\/979-8-3693-8552-4.ch010"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1186\/s12939-024-02097-4","volume":"23","author":"SK Sharma","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sharma, S. K., & Nambiar, D. (2024). Are institutional deliveries equitable in the southern states of India? A benefit incidence analysis. International Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1), 17. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12939-024-02097-4","journal-title":"International Journal for Equity in Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-023-05928-4","volume":"23","author":"VN Mohan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Mohan, V. N., Shirisha, P., Vaidyanathan, G., & Muraleedharan, V. R. (2023). Variations in the prevalence of caesarean section deliveries in India between 2016 and 2021 \u2013 An analysis of Tamil Nadu and Chhattisgarh. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 23(1), Article 622. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-023-05928-4","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"6","key":"1610_CR37","first-page":"328","volume":"24","author":"R Aggarwal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aggarwal, R., & Thind, A. (2011). Effect of maternal education on choice of location for delivery among Indian women. National Medical Journal of India, 24(6), 328\u2013334.","journal-title":"National Medical Journal of India"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04354-8","volume":"22","author":"E Mwebesa","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mwebesa, E., Kagaayi, J., Ssebagereka, A., Nakafeero, M., Ssenkusu, J. M., Guwatudde, D., & Tumwesigye, N. M. (2022). Effect of four or more antenatal care visits on facility delivery and early postnatal care services utilization in Uganda: A propensity scores matched analysis. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), Article 7. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04354-8","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"0","key":"1610_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.4314\/ejhs.v24i0.7s","volume":"24","author":"Y Berhan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Berhan, Y., & Berhan, A. (2014). Skilled health personnel attended delivery as a proxy indicator for maternal and perinatal mortality: A systematic review. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 24(0), 69. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4314\/ejhs.v24i0.7s","journal-title":"Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"1610_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/0028-2243(94)01989-4","volume":"58","author":"G Walraven","year":"1995","unstructured":"Walraven, G. (1995). Perinatal mortality in home births in rural Tanzania. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 58(2), 131\u2013134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0028-2243(94)01989-4","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"1610_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_47_18","volume":"43","author":"S Sharma","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sharma, S., Verma, P., Viramgami, A., Vala, M., & Lodhiya, K. (2018). Analysis of out-of-pocket expenditure in utilization of maternity care services in urban slums of Rajkot City, Gujarat. Indian Journal of Community Medicine, 43(3), 215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/ijcm.ijcm_47_18","journal-title":"Indian Journal of Community Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"1610_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0326-4","volume":"13","author":"J Fotso","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fotso, J., Ezeh, A., Madise, N., Ziraba, A., & Ogollah, R. (2008). What does access to maternal care mean among the urban poor? factors associated with use of appropriate maternal health services in the slum settlements of nairobi. Kenya. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13(1), 130\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-008-0326-4","journal-title":"Kenya. Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"10","key":"1610_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1849","DOI":"10.1016\/s0277-9536(01)00313-6","volume":"55","author":"K Navaneetham","year":"2002","unstructured":"Navaneetham, K., & Dharmalingam, A. (2002). Utilization of maternal health care services in Southern India. Social Science & Medicine, 55(10), 1849\u20131869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0277-9536(01)00313-6","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"1610_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017142","volume":"7","author":"B Ghose","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ghose, B., Feng, D., Tang, S., Yaya, S., He, Z., Udenigwe, O., Ghosh, S., & Feng, Z. (2017). Women\u2019s decision-making autonomy and utilisation of maternal healthcare services: Results from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. British Medical Journal Open, 7(9), Article e017142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-017142","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,9]],"date-time":"2026-11-09T09:21:35Z","timestamp":1794216095000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"references-count":44,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1610"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01610-w","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-5145","1573-3610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-5145","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This study is based on secondary data available in the public domain. Therefore, ethical approval is not required for conducting this study.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}