{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T14:10:12Z","timestamp":1788703812223,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788652800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Community Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T12:46:21Z","timestamp":1788698781000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["A Systematic Review of the Prevalence and Microsystem Risk Factors of Bullying Victimization Among Adolescents"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0905-7862","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nanda Tri","family":"Rahmatika","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahalul","family":"Azam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bertakalswa","family":"Hermawati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nabila Nur Afifah","family":"Fitri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Galuh Mega","family":"Kurnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erlin","family":"Friska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"1626_CR1","unstructured":"Salmivalli, C., & Peets, K. (2018). Bullying and victimization. In W. M. Bukowski, B. Laursen, & K. H. Rubin (Eds.), Handbook of peer interactions, relationships, and groups (Vol. 2 pp. 302-321 ). ed: The Guilford Press."},{"key":"1626_CR2","unstructured":"Olweus, D. (1993). Bullying at School: What We Know and What We Can Do. Blackwell Publishing."},{"key":"1626_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-019-00009-7","volume":"1","author":"D Olweus","year":"2019","unstructured":"Olweus, D., Limber, S. P., & Breivik, K. (2019). Addressing specific forms of bullying: A large-scale evaluation of the Olweus bullying prevention program. International journal of bullying prevention, 1, 70\u201384.","journal-title":"International journal of bullying prevention"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/15388220.2013.840643","volume":"13","author":"S Vassallo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vassallo, S., Edwards, B., Renda, J., & Olsson, C. A. (2014). Bullying in early adolescence and antisocial behavior and depression six years later: What are the protective factors? Journal of school violence, 13(1), 100\u2013124.","journal-title":"Journal of school violence"},{"key":"1626_CR5","unstructured":"UNICEF (2018). [cited 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/press-releases\/half-worlds-teens-experience-peer-violence-and-around-school-unicef#:~:text=NEW%20YORK%2C%206%20September%202018,report%20released%20by%20UNICEF%20today"},{"key":"1626_CR6","unstructured":"UNESCO. School PoVaBi, editor: UNESCO Chair for Global Health (2023). [cited 2024]. Available from: https:\/\/www.unesco.org\/gem-report\/en\/articles\/prevention-violence-and-bullying-school"},{"key":"1626_CR7","unstructured":"World Health Organization Youth Violence2021 01 Maret 2024. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/youth-violence"},{"key":"1626_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2017.09.010","volume":"73","author":"S Hinduja","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hinduja, S., & Patchin, J. W. (2017). Cultivating youth resilience to prevent bullying and cyberbullying victimization. Child abuse & neglect, 73, 51\u201362.","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"key":"1626_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adolescence.2016.12.012","volume":"55","author":"W Troop-Gordon","year":"2017","unstructured":"Troop-Gordon, W. (2017). Peer victimization in adolescence: The nature, progression, and consequences of being bullied within a developmental context. Journal of adolescence, 55, 116\u2013128.","journal-title":"Journal of adolescence"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2015.08.007","volume":"57","author":"FJ Elgar","year":"2015","unstructured":"Elgar, F. J., McKinnon, B., Walsh, S. D., Freeman, J., Donnelly, P. D., de Matos, M. G., Gariepy, G., Aleman-Diaz, A. Y., Pickett, W., & Molcho, M. (2015). Structural determinants of youth bullying and fighting in 79 countries. Journal of Adolescent Health, 57(6), 643\u2013650.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2013.01.004","volume":"37","author":"C-F Yen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yen, C-F., Huang, M-F., Kim, Y. S., Wang, P-W., Tang, T-C., Yeh, Y-C., Lin, H-C., Liu, T-L., Wu, Y-Y., & Yang, P. (2013). Association between types of involvement in school bullying and different dimensions of anxiety symptoms and the moderating effects of age and gender in Taiwanese adolescents. Child abuse & neglect, 37(4), 263\u2013272.","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"issue":"15","key":"1626_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7829","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18157829","volume":"18","author":"T-L Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, T-L., Hsiao, R. C., Chou, W-J., & Yen, C-F. (2021). Self-reported depressive symptoms and suicidality in adolescents with attention-deficit\/hyperactivity disorder: roles of bullying involvement, frustration intolerance, and hostility. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(15), 7829.","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"key":"1626_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104946","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2020.104946","volume":"113","author":"L Li","year":"2020","unstructured":"Li, L., Chen, X., & Li, H. (2020). Bullying victimization, school belonging, academic engagement and achievement in adolescents in rural China: A serial mediation model. Children and youth services review, 113, 104946.","journal-title":"Children and youth services review"},{"key":"1626_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tang, J. J., Yu, Y., Wilcox, H. C., Kang, C., Wang, K., Wang, C., Wu, Y., & Chen, R. (2020). Global risks of suicidal behaviours and being bullied and their association in adolescents: School-based health survey in 83 countries. EClinicalMedicine,19, 100291.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2019.100253"},{"key":"1626_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.1007\/s42380-020-00068-1","volume":"3","author":"I Zych","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zych, I., Farrington, D. P., Llorent, V. J., Ribeaud, D., & Eisner, M. P. (2021). Childhood risk and protective factors as predictors of adolescent bullying roles. International Journal of Bullying Prevention, 3, 138\u2013146.","journal-title":"International Journal of Bullying Prevention"},{"key":"1626_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.","DOI":"10.4159\/9780674028845"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1080\/10522158.2025.2464961","volume":"28","author":"Sakroni","year":"2025","unstructured":"Sakroni (2025). Bullying in education from the perspective of ecological systems theory: a systematic review literature. Journal of Family Social Work, 28(2), 55\u201371.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Social Work"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.17583\/ijep.2017.2515","volume":"6","author":"N Jara","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jara, N., Casas, J. A., & Ortega-Ruiz, R. (2017). Proactive and reactive aggressive behavior in bullying: The role of values. International Journal of Educational Psychology, 6(1), 1\u201324.","journal-title":"International Journal of Educational Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513505149","volume":"29","author":"RP Ang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Ang, R. P., Huan, V. S., & Florell, D. (2014). Understanding the relationship between proactive and reactive aggression, and cyberbullying across United States and Singapore adolescent samples. Journal of interpersonal violence, 29(2), 237\u2013254.","journal-title":"Journal of interpersonal violence"},{"issue":"9","key":"1626_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2011.11.014","volume":"65","author":"D Hoy","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoy, D., Brooks, P., Woolf, A., Blyth, F., March, L., Bain, C., Baker, P., Smith, E., & Buchbinder, R. (2012). Assessing risk of bias in prevalence studies: modification of an existing tool and evidence of interrater agreement. Journal of clinical epidemiology, 65(9), 934\u2013939.","journal-title":"Journal of clinical epidemiology"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.3390\/children11060634","volume":"11","author":"OME Ramadan","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ramadan, O. M. E., Alruwaili, M. M., Alruwaili, A. N., Elsharkawy, N. B., Abdelaziz, E. M., El Badawy Ezzat, R. E. S., & El-Nasr, E. M. S. (2024). Digital Dilemma of Cyberbullying Victimization among High School Students: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Associations with Stress and Mental Well-Being. Children, 11(6), 634.","journal-title":"Children"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e081016","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2023-081016","volume":"14","author":"S Kunwar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kunwar, S., Sharma, S., Marasini, S., Joshi, A., Adhikari, A., Ranjit, A., Shrestha, I. B., Shrestha, A., Shrestha, A. K., & Karmacharya, B. M. (2024). Cyberbullying and cyber-victimisation among higher secondary school adolescents in an urban city of Nepal: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 14(3), e081016.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"1626_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Liu, L., Zhou, Z., Qi, M., & Chen, L. (2024). Prevalence and associated factors of school bullying among adolescents in Inner Mongolia, China. Heliyon, 10(17), e37201.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e37201"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-024-05696-1","volume":"24","author":"TH Stea","year":"2024","unstructured":"Stea, T. H., Bonsaksen, T., Smith, P., Kleppang, A. L., Steigen, A. M., Leonhardt, M., Lien, L., & Vettore, M. V. (2024). Are social pressure, bullying and low social support associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm and self-directed violence among adolescents? A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach. BMC psychiatry, 24(1), 239.","journal-title":"BMC psychiatry"},{"key":"1626_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2024.107429","volume":"157","author":"Y Jiang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Jiang, Y., Shu, S., Lin, L., Ge, M., Niu, G., Zhao, B., & Hu, R. (2024). Does parental phubbing increase the risk of adolescent cyberbullying and cyber victimization? The role of social anxiety and self-control. Children and Youth Services Review, 157, 107429.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"1626_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2023.107348","volume":"156","author":"F Liu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Liu, F., Yang, Y., Lin, P., Xiao, Y., Sun, Y., Fei, G., Gu, J., Meng, Y., Jiang, X., & Wang, X. (2024). Associated factors and patterns of school bullying among school-aged adolescents in China: A latent class analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 156, 107348.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"1626_CR27","unstructured":"Mannocci, A., Iona, T., Merolle, V., Nicoletti, A., Loconsole, C., La Torre, G., & Masala, D. (2023). Fare male farsi male project\u2013Are cyberbullying and cyber victimisation associated with physical activity levels? a cross sectional study in a sample of Italian adolescents. La Clinica Terapeutica, 174(3), 231\u2013238."},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1186\/s40359-023-01190-7","volume":"11","author":"MB Fredj","year":"2023","unstructured":"Fredj, M. B., Bennasrallah, C., Amor, I., Trimech, F., Abroug, H., Zemni, I., Dhouib, W., Kacem, M., Bouanene, I., & Sriha, A. B. (2023). Associations of psychological factors, parental involvement, and adverse health behaviors with bullying among tunisian middle school students. BMC psychology, 11(1), 154.","journal-title":"BMC psychology"},{"key":"1626_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2023.107170","volume":"155","author":"J-J Escario","year":"2023","unstructured":"Escario, J-J., Rodriguez-Sanchez, C., Sancho-Esper, F., & Barl\u00e9s-Ariz\u00f3n, M-J. (2023). A quantitative analysis of factors related to adolescent cybervictimization in Spain: A multilevel logistic regression approach. Children and Youth Services Review, 155, 107170.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"1626_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2022.12.016","volume":"323","author":"J Li","year":"2023","unstructured":"Li, J., Sha, S., Luo, W., Zhou, W., Dong, Y., & Zhang, S. (2023). Prevalence and associated factors of bullying victimization among Chinese high school students in Shandong, China. Journal of affective disorders, 323, 667\u2013674.","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"issue":"7","key":"1626_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.4103\/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_313_23","volume":"65","author":"PJ Ranjith","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ranjith, P. J., Vranda, M. N., & Kishore, M. T. (2023). Predictors, prevalence, and patterns of cyberbullying among school-going children and adolescents. Indian journal of psychiatry, 65(7), 720\u2013728.","journal-title":"Indian journal of psychiatry"},{"key":"1626_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alrasheed, N., Nishat, S., Shihah, A. B., Alalwan, A., & Jradi, H. (2022). Prevalence and risk factors of cyberbullying and its association with mental health among adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Cureus, 14(12), e32806.","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.32806"},{"issue":"13","key":"1626_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7208","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18137208","volume":"18","author":"V Sabramani","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sabramani, V., Idris, I. B., Ismail, H., Nadarajaw, T., Zakaria, E., & Kamaluddin, M. R. (2021). Bullying and its associated individual, peer, family and school factors: Evidence from Malaysian National Secondary School Students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(13), 7208.","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.acap.2020.10.011","volume":"21","author":"S Fujikawa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fujikawa, S., Mundy, L. K., Canterford, L., Moreno-Betancur, M., & Patton, G. C. (2021). Bullying across late childhood and early adolescence: A prospective cohort of students assessed annually from grades 3 to 8. Academic pediatrics, 21(2), 344\u2013351.","journal-title":"Academic pediatrics"},{"issue":"40","key":"1626_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e27226","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000027226","volume":"100","author":"L Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou, L., & Li, C. (2021). Factors associated with cyberbullying among vocational students based on the ecological system model in an ethnic minority area. Medicine, 100(40), e27226.","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"1626_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-020-02413-1","volume":"20","author":"D Malaeb","year":"2020","unstructured":"Malaeb, D., Awad, E., Haddad, C., Salameh, P., Sacre, H., Akel, M., Soufia, M., Hallit, R., Obeid, S., & Hallit, S. (2020). Bullying victimization among Lebanese adolescents: the role of child abuse, internet addiction, social phobia and depression and validation of the Illinois bully scale. BMC pediatrics, 20, 1\u201311.","journal-title":"BMC pediatrics"},{"key":"1626_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2019.106193","volume":"104","author":"Z Teng","year":"2020","unstructured":"Teng, Z., Nie, Q., Zhu, Z., & Guo, C. (2020). Violent video game exposure and (Cyber) bullying perpetration among Chinese youth: The moderating role of trait aggression and moral identity. Computers in Human Behavior, 104, 106193.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"1626_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.11.058","volume":"96","author":"AC Baldry","year":"2019","unstructured":"Baldry, A. C., Sorrentino, A., & Farrington, D. P. (2019). Cyberbullying and cybervictimization versus parental supervision, monitoring and control of adolescents\u2019 online activities. Children and Youth Services Review, 96, 302\u2013307.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"key":"1626_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104511","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2019.104511","volume":"107","author":"J Li","year":"2019","unstructured":"Li, J., Sidibe, A. M., Shen, X., & Hesketh, T. (2019). Incidence, risk factors and psychosomatic symptoms for traditional bullying and cyberbullying in Chinese adolescents. Children and Youth Services Review, 107, 104511.","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-017-0747-8","volume":"47","author":"S Hjalmarsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hjalmarsson, S. (2018). Poor kids? Economic resources and adverse peer relations in a nationally representative sample of Swedish adolescents. Journal of youth and adolescence, 47(1), 88\u2013104.","journal-title":"Journal of youth and adolescence"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e014959","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-014959","volume":"7","author":"MJ Marret","year":"2017","unstructured":"Marret, M. J., & Choo, W. Y. (2017). Factors associated with online victimisation among Malaysian adolescents who use social networking sites: a cross-sectional study. BMJ open, 7(6), e014959.","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"key":"1626_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2017.07.017","volume":"76","author":"S Buelga","year":"2017","unstructured":"Buelga, S., Mart\u00ednez\u2013Ferrer, B., & Cava, M. J. (2017). Differences in family climate and family communication among cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyber bully\u2013victims in adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 164\u2013173.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"1626_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2016.08.015","volume":"65","author":"E Larra\u00f1aga","year":"2016","unstructured":"Larra\u00f1aga, E., Yubero, S., Ovejero, A., & Navarro, R. (2016). Loneliness, parent-child communication and cyberbullying victimization among Spanish youths. Computers in Human Behavior, 65, 1\u20138.","journal-title":"Computers in Human Behavior"},{"key":"1626_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chiabu.2016.02.003","volume":"54","author":"R Kaltiala-Heino","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kaltiala-Heino, R., Lankinen, V., Marttunen, M., Lindberg, N., & Fr\u00f6jd, S. (2016). Overweight, perceived overweight and involvement in bullying in middle adolescence. Child abuse & neglect, 54, 33\u201342.","journal-title":"Child abuse & neglect"},{"key":"1626_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Tochigi, M., Nishida, A., Shimodera, S., Oshima, N., Inoue, K., Okazaki, Y., & Sasaki, T. (2012). Irregular bedtime and nocturnal cellular phone usage as risk factors for being involved in bullying: A cross-sectional survey of Japanese adolescents, Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 15(7), 364\u2013370.","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045736"},{"key":"1626_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1753-2000-6-8","volume":"6","author":"K Magklara","year":"2012","unstructured":"Magklara, K., Skapinakis, P., Gkatsa, T., Bellos, S., Araya, R., Stylianidis, S., & Mavreas, V. (2012). Bullying behaviour in schools, socioeconomic position and psychiatric morbidity: a cross-sectional study in late adolescents in Greece. Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 6, 1\u201313.","journal-title":"Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health"},{"key":"1626_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2021.07.016","volume":"294","author":"M Zhong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhong, M., Huang, X., Huebner, E. S., & Tian, L. (2021). Association between bullying victimization and depressive symptoms in children: The mediating role of self-esteem. Journal of affective disorders, 294, 322\u2013328.","journal-title":"Journal of affective disorders"},{"key":"1626_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1007\/s10648-014-9261-7","volume":"27","author":"HJ Thomas","year":"2015","unstructured":"Thomas, H. J., Connor, J. P., & Scott, J. G. (2015). Integrating traditional bullying and cyberbullying: challenges of definition and measurement in adolescents\u2013a review. Educational psychology review, 27, 135\u2013152.","journal-title":"Educational psychology review"},{"key":"1626_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jped.2020.04.003","volume":"96","author":"DP Farrington","year":"2020","unstructured":"Farrington, D. P. (2020). The importance of risk factors for bullying perpetration and victimization. J Pediatr (Rio J), 96, 667\u2013669.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1626_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1177\/0004867415600076","volume":"50","author":"HJ Thomas","year":"2016","unstructured":"Thomas, H. J., Chan, G. C., Scott, J. G., Connor, J. P., Kelly, A. B., & Williams, J. (2016). Association of different forms of bullying victimisation with adolescents\u2019 psychological distress and reduced emotional wellbeing. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 50(4), 371\u2013379.","journal-title":"Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0252459","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252459","volume":"16","author":"AT Ngo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ngo, A. T., Nguyen, L. H., Dang, A. K., Hoang, M. T., Nguyen, T. H. T., Vu, G. T., Do, H. T., Tran, B. X., Latkin, C. A., & Ho, R. C. (2021). Bullying experience in urban adolescents: Prevalence and correlations with health-related quality of life and psychological issues. PloS one, 16(6), e0252459.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"key":"1626_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hosozawa, M., Bann, D., Fink, E., Elsden, E., Baba, S., Iso, H., & Patalay, P. (2021). Bullying victimisation in adolescence: prevalence and inequalities by gender, socioeconomic status and academic performance across 71 countries. EClinicalMedicine,41, 101142.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101142"},{"issue":"6","key":"1626_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2023.05.009","volume":"18","author":"IG Ighaede-Edwards","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ighaede-Edwards, I. G., Liu, X., Olawade, D. B., Ling, J., Odetayo, A., & David-Olawade, A. C. (2023). Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 18(6), 1329\u20131341.","journal-title":"Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-025-21391-6","volume":"25","author":"BN de Oliveira","year":"2025","unstructured":"de Oliveira, B. N., Lopes, M. V. V., da Costa, B. G. G., de Mello, G. T., Maciel, G. P., & Silva, K. S. (2025). Bullying in adolescents across three years in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic: a repeated cross-sectional and prospective analysis. BMC public health, 25(1), 163.","journal-title":"BMC public health"},{"issue":"3","key":"1626_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0299161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0299161","volume":"19","author":"M Ghardallou","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ghardallou, M., Mtiraoui, A., Ennamouchi, D., Amara, A., Gara, A., Dardouri, M., Zedini, C., & Mtiraoui, A. (2024). Bullying victimization among adolescents: Prevalence, associated factors and correlation with mental health outcomes. PLoS one, 19(3), e0299161.","journal-title":"PLoS one"},{"key":"1626_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101888","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2023.101888","volume":"73","author":"L L\u00f3pez-Castro","year":"2023","unstructured":"L\u00f3pez-Castro, L., Smith, P. K., Robinson, S., & G\u00f6rzig, A. (2023). Age differences in bullying victimisation and perpetration: Evidence from cross-cultural surveys. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 73, 101888.","journal-title":"Aggression and Violent Behavior"},{"key":"1626_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2333794X1986888","DOI":"10.1177\/2333794X19868887","volume":"6","author":"M Alhajji","year":"2019","unstructured":"Alhajji, M., Bass, S., & Dai, T. (2019). Cyberbullying, mental health, and violence in adolescents and associations with sex and race: data from the 2015 youth risk behavior survey. Global pediatric health, 6, 2333794X19868887.","journal-title":"Global pediatric health"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"1626_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3233\/DEV-160208","volume":"11","author":"S Pieschl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pieschl, S., & Porsch, T. (2017). The complex relationship between cyberbullying and trust. International Journal of Developmental Science, 11(1\u20132), 9\u201317.","journal-title":"International Journal of Developmental Science"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/s41562-024-02011-6","volume":"9","author":"KS Kasturiratna","year":"2025","unstructured":"Kasturiratna, K. S., Hartanto, A., Chen, C. H., Tong, E. M., & Majeed, N. M. (2025). Umbrella review of meta-analyses on the risk factors, protective factors, consequences and interventions of cyberbullying victimization. Nature Human Behaviour, 9(1), 101\u2013132.","journal-title":"Nature Human Behaviour"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"1626_CR60","first-page":"NP5442","volume":"37","author":"S Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang, S., Hong, J. S., Hao, Y., Lee, N. Y., & Piquero, A. R. (2022). A latent transition analysis of youth bullying victimization patterns over time and their relations to delinquency. Journal of interpersonal violence, 37(7\u20138), NP5442\u2013NP70.","journal-title":"Journal of interpersonal violence"},{"key":"1626_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2018.07.010","volume":"45","author":"A Nocentini","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nocentini, A., Fiorentini, G., Di Paola, L., & Menesini, E. (2019). Parents, family characteristics and bullying behavior: A systematic review. Aggression and violent behavior, 45, 41\u201350.","journal-title":"Aggression and violent behavior"},{"issue":"12","key":"1626_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1958","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260515621082","volume":"33","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu, Y., Chan, K. L., & Chen, J. (2018). Bullying victimization among Chinese middle school students: The role of family violence. Journal of interpersonal violence, 33(12), 1958\u20131977.","journal-title":"Journal of interpersonal violence"},{"issue":"1","key":"1626_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1093\/scan\/nsq098","volume":"7","author":"CL Masten","year":"2012","unstructured":"Masten, C. L., Telzer, E. H., Fuligni, A. J., Lieberman, M. D., & Eisenberger, N. I. (2012). Time spent with friends in adolescence relates to less neural sensitivity to later peer rejection. Social cognitive and affective neuroscience, 7(1), 106\u2013114.","journal-title":"Social cognitive and affective neuroscience"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1080\/0735648X.2014.956328","volume":"39","author":"TA Gutt","year":"2016","unstructured":"Gutt, T. A., & Randa, R. (2016). The influence of an empathetic adult on the relationship between bullying victimization and fear at school. Journal of crime and justice, 39(2), 282\u2013302.","journal-title":"Journal of crime and justice"},{"issue":"2","key":"1626_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/10852352.2016.1132869","volume":"44","author":"RA Vidourek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vidourek, R. A., King, K. A., & Merianos, A. L. (2016). School bullying and student trauma: Fear and avoidance associated with victimization. Journal of prevention & intervention in the community, 44(2), 121\u2013129.","journal-title":"Journal of prevention & intervention in the community"}],"container-title":["Journal of Community Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]],"date-time":"2026-09-06T14:02:28Z","timestamp":1788703348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"references-count":65,"alternative-id":["1626"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10900-026-01626-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0094-5145","1573-3610"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0094-5145","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3610","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"29 July 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 August 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 September 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors state that there is no conflict of interest.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable. Ethical approval and informed consent were not required for this study because it is a systematic review based on published literature and did not involve human participants or identifiable personal data.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval and Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}