{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T15:27:44Z","timestamp":1787153264125,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787097600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001215","name":"La Trobe University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001215","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Immigrant Minority Health"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This cross-sectional study examined early childhood development (ECD) among 36\u201359-month-old Rohingya children (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u2009298) living in refugee camps in Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh. Based on caregiver responses to 10 standard ECD questions, 73.6% of children were developmentally on track overall, although only 39.1% were on track in the literacy\u2013numeracy domain. Compared with Bangladeshi children from the 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, a slightly higher proportion of Rohingya children (26.4% vs. 25.5%) were developmentally delayed, performing relatively poorly in the physical and learning domains. Multivariable regression analysis indicated that children\u2019s older age, greater exposure to stimulation activities, and household internet access were significantly associated with being developmentally on track. Despite limited resources in refugee settings, interventions that expand early learning opportunities and promote positive parenting could meaningfully improve developmental outcomes among displaced children. Future research should include larger, more representative samples to enhance precision and strengthen generalisability.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10903-026-01984-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]],"date-time":"2026-08-19T14:57:55Z","timestamp":1787151475000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Early Childhood Development of Rohingya Children Living in Refugee Camps"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1330-863X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M Mofizul","family":"Islam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irfath Sharmin","family":"Eva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Md Mashiur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jannat Ul","family":"Ferdosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"1984_CR1","unstructured":"UNHCR. Global trends. Forced displacement in 2022. Available at: https:\/\/www.unhcr.org\/global-trends. 2023."},{"issue":"6","key":"1984_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1007\/s10578-016-0626-7","volume":"47","author":"M Slone","year":"2016","unstructured":"Slone M, Mann S. Effects of War, Terrorism and Armed Conflict on Young Children: A Systematic Review. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev. 2016;47(6):950\u201365.","journal-title":"Child Psychiatry Hum Dev"},{"issue":"1\u20133","key":"1984_CR3","first-page":"7","volume":"87","author":"D Reiss","year":"2022","unstructured":"Reiss D, et al. Parenting in the Context of the Child: Genetic and Social Processes. Monogr Soc Res Child Dev. 2022;87(1\u20133):7\u2013188.","journal-title":"Monogr Soc Res Child Dev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1984_CR4","first-page":"e29500","volume":"14","author":"A Likhar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Likhar A, Baghel P, Patil M. Early Childhood Development and Social Determinants. 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Burmese refugees in Bangladesh: still no durable solution. https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/report\/2000\/05\/01\/burmese-refugees-bangladesh\/still-no-durable-solution#. 2000."},{"key":"1984_CR8","unstructured":"Mercy Corps. The facts: Rohingya refugee crisis. Available at: https:\/\/www.mercycorps.org\/blog\/rohingya-refugee-crisis-facts. 2023."},{"key":"1984_CR9","unstructured":"Staff, Correspondent. Forcibly displaced Myanmar nationals. Available at: https:\/\/www.thedailystar.net\/city\/forcibly-displaced-myanmar-nationals-1469374, in The Daily Star. 2017: Dhaka, Bangladesh."},{"key":"1984_CR10","volume-title":"Activities at a glance","author":"R Commissioner","year":"2023","unstructured":"Office of the Refugee Relief and, Commissioner R. Activities at a glance. Cox\u2019s Bazar, Bangladesh: Government of the People\u2019s Republic of Bangladesh; 2023."},{"issue":"14","key":"1984_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1505","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.2405","volume":"319","author":"E Leidman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leidman E, et al. Acute Malnutrition and Anemia Among Rohingya Children in Kutupalong Camp, Bangladesh. JAMA. 2018;319(14):1505\u20136.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1984_CR12","unstructured":"UNICEF. UNICEF: Education milestone for Rohingya refugee children as Myanmar curriculum pilot reaches first 10,000 children. Available at: https:\/\/www.unicef.org\/bangladesh\/en\/press-releases\/unicef-education-milestone-rohingya-refugee-children-myanmar-curriculum-pilot. 2022."},{"key":"1984_CR13","unstructured":"Loizillon A et al. Development of the Early Childhood Development Index in MICS surveys. 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