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It was a time and place in which the urban populace\u2019s physical well-being depended upon the fortunes of theatrical performances due to a system of alms for hospitals driven by ticket receipts. Anti-theatricalists argued that the immoral nature of theatrical performances made them spiritually and medically detrimental to society. Pro-theatricalists argued that plays were always a public good on balance because they raised much-needed funds for hospitals. Instead of producing a conflict between morality and public health, each side reinforced their connection until the two topics became nearly inseparable in the sphere of public debate. While pro-theatricalists mainly stayed with their arguments about funding hospitals, anti-theatricalists developed a new strategy of literalising the metaphor of theatre as a \u201cplague of the republic\u201d and arguing that immoral entertainment brought literal disease to the populace as a punishment from God. This exemplifies Stephen Pender\u2019s observation of how, in an early modern medical context, \u201cRhetoric as a way of perceiving probabilities and adjusting one\u2019s argument to the audience and circumstance offers a model of ethical action and interaction\u201d. This article is organised chronologically to track specific adjustments to a specific public-health debate that rely upon moral metaphors of medicine. Each side wrangled over these metaphors in an effort to break a deadlock in a public-health policy debate with entertainment, finance, and morality at its centre. By the end of the seventeenth century, anti-theatricalists finally found their best rhetorical weapon in the literalisation of the \u201cplague of the republic\u201d metaphor, but it only offered a short-term solution to banning theatre contingent upon the ebb and flow of epidemics. Simultaneously, the finance structure of funding hospitals began to erase the role of hospitals from the longstanding debate about the morality of public theatre. The case of early modern Spain provides valuable lessons about the power of metaphor in the Rhetoric of Healthcare that are still applicable today.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10912-024-09892-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,1]],"date-time":"2024-10-01T05:25:08Z","timestamp":1727760308000},"page":"421-441","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Rhetoric of Healthcare and the Moral Debate About Theatre-Funded Hospitals in Early Modern Spain"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"45","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2764-6958","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ted L. 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