{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T16:10:38Z","timestamp":1787328638666,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000925","name":"National Health and Medical Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["APP1160223"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["APP1160223"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000925","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001779","name":"Monash University","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001779","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Occup Rehabil"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the cost and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent intervention to increase general practitioners\u2019 (GPs) adherence to guideline recommendations for diagnosis and management of work-related mental health conditions (the Guideline).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Economic evaluation from Australian health system and societal perspectives based on data from a pragmatic hybrid III parallel cluster randomised controlled trial (IMPRovE) that ran from December 2020 to December 2022.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IMPRovE intervention generated a statistically significant improvement in GP adherence scores of 0.98 on 0 to 9 scale (95%CI: 0.38 to 1.58). We found no evidence for a significant between-group difference in total quality-adjusted life days (QALDs) per patient to trial-end (adjusted mean difference: -1.9, 95%CI: -24.2 to 20.3), productivity gains per patient to trial-end (adjusted mean difference: $5,818, 95%CI: -$12,346 to $23,982), or total health sector costs per patient to trial-end (adjusted mean difference: -$2,703, 95%CI: -$6,025 to $620). Under conservative assumptions, we find a significant between-group difference in total health sector cost per GP (adjusted mean difference: -$14,278, 95%CI: -$21,358, -$7,198). For improving GP adherence to the Guideline, we can be 95% confident that the IMPRovE intervention is more cost-effective than waitlist control from a health system perspective (when we set aside productivity gains). This remains the case even when improvements in GP adherence carry\n                      <jats:italic>zero<\/jats:italic>\n                      value\n                      <jats:italic>.<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The IMPRovE intervention is likely to be more cost-effective than waitlist control\n                      <jats:italic>for increasing GP adherence to Guideline recommendations<\/jats:italic>\n                      . We were unable to draw strong conclusions regarding the cost-effectiveness of the IMPRovE intervention for improving patient outcomes.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ACTRN12620001163998, November 2020.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:03:16Z","timestamp":1787324596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cost-Effectiveness of IMPRovE: A Multicomponent Intervention to Increase Adherence to Guideline Recommendations for the Diagnosis and Management of Work-Related Mental Health Conditions in General Practice"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"given":"D.","family":"Mortimer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V.","family":"Cam\u00f5es-Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"K.","family":"Nolidin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Kenardy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Brijnath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J.","family":"Enticott","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Reid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Collie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"D.","family":"Mazza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"10440_CR1","unstructured":"Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics. Australian Bureau of Statistics. Wage Price Index. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2023."},{"key":"10440_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1787\/9789264124523-en","volume-title":"Sick on the job? Myths and realities about mental health and work","author":"OECD","year":"2012","unstructured":"OECD. Sick on the job? Myths and realities about mental health and work. Paris: OECD Publishing; 2012."},{"issue":"10410","key":"10440_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00869-3","volume":"402","author":"R Rugulies","year":"2023","unstructured":"Rugulies R, Aust B, Greiner BA, Arensman E, Kawakami N, LaMontagne AD, et al. Work-related causes of mental health conditions and interventions for their improvement in workplaces. The Lancet. 2023;402(10410):1368\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00869-3.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"10440_CR4","unstructured":"Safe_Work_Australia. Australian Workers Compensation Statistics: 2020\u20132021. Canberra: Safe Work Australia; 2022."},{"issue":"1","key":"10440_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-021-01146-8","volume":"16","author":"D Mazza","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mazza D, Chakraborty S, Cam\u00f5es-Costa V, Kenardy J, Brijnath B, Mortimer D, et al. Implementing work-related Mental health guidelines in general PRactice (IMPRovE): a protocol for a hybrid III parallel cluster randomised controlled trial. Implement Sci. 2021;16(1):77. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-021-01146-8.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10440_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.5694\/mja2.50240","volume":"211","author":"D Mazza","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mazza D, Chakraborty SP, Brijnath B, Nowak H, Howell C, Brott T, et al. Diagnosing and managing work-related mental health conditions in general practice: new Australian clinical practice guidelines. Med J Aust. 2019;211(2):76\u201381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5694\/mja2.50240.","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"7185","key":"10440_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.318.7185.728","volume":"318","author":"G Feder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Feder G, Eccles M, Grol R, Griffiths C, Grimshaw J. Using clinical guidelines. BMJ. 1999;318(7185):728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.318.7185.728.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"10440_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjment-2024-301330","volume":"28","author":"D Mazza","year":"2025","unstructured":"Mazza D, Cam\u00f5es-Costa V, Nolidin K, Chakraborty S, Kenardy J, Brijnath B, Mortimer D, Enticott J, Kidd M, Trevena LJ, Reid S, Collie A. Implementing work-related Mental-health guidelines in general PRacticE (IMPRovE): findings of a parallel cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ Ment Health. 2025;28(1):e301330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjment-2024-301330.","journal-title":"BMJ Ment Health"},{"key":"10440_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000603","author":"V Costa","year":"2026","unstructured":"Cam\u00f5es-Costa V, Neil J, Mazza D, Kenardy J, Brijnath B, Mortimer D, Enticott J, Reid S, Collie A, Chakraborty S. Measuring guideline-concordant care when recommendations require clinical judgment: a mixed methods approach. JBI Evidence Implementation. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000603.","journal-title":"JBI Evidence Implementation"},{"key":"10440_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub2","author":"R Baker","year":"2010","unstructured":"Baker R, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Gillies C, Shaw EJ, Cheater F, Flottorp S, et al. Tailored interventions to overcome identified barriers to change: effects on professional practice and health care outcomes. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2010. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub2.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10440_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub3","author":"R Baker","year":"2015","unstructured":"Baker R, Camosso-Stefinovic J, Gillies C, Shaw EJ, Cheater F, Flottorp S, et al. Tailored interventions to address determinants of practice. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD005470.pub3.","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"10440_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13012-014-0168-y","volume":"9","author":"T Hoomans","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hoomans T, Severens JL. Economic evaluation of implementation strategies in health care. Implement Sci. 2014;9:168. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13012-014-0168-y.","journal-title":"Implement Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"10440_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0075647","volume":"8","author":"D Mortimer","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mortimer D, French S, McKenzie J, O\u2019Connor D, Green S. Economic evaluation of active implementation versus guideline dissemination for evidence-based care of acute low-back pain in a general practice setting. PLoS ONE. 2013;8(10):e75647.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"10440_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlr.0000135827.18610.0d","volume":"42","author":"JE Brazier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Brazier JE, Roberts JR. The estimation of a preference-based index from the SF-12. Med Care. 2004;42:851\u20139.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10440_CR15","first-page":"14","volume":"42","author":"JE Brazier","year":"2008","unstructured":"Brazier JE, Rowen D, Hanmer J. Revised SF-6D scoring programmes: a summary of improvements. PRO newsletter. 2008;42:14\u20135.","journal-title":"PRO newsletter"},{"key":"10440_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","volume":"30","author":"JE Ware","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ware JE. The 36 item Short Form Health Survey (SF 36). Med Care. 1992;30:473\u201383.","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10440_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1177\/0272989x13503499","volume":"34","author":"R Norman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Norman R, Viney R, Brazier J, Burgess L, Cronin P, King M, et al. Valuing SF-6D health states using a discrete choice experiment. Med Decis Making. 2014;34(6):773\u201386. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0272989x13503499.","journal-title":"Med Decis Making"},{"issue":"6","key":"10440_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.4510","volume":"31","author":"A Gabrio","year":"2022","unstructured":"Gabrio A, Plumpton C, Banerjee S, Leurent B. Linear mixed models to handle missing at random data in trial-based economic evaluations. Health Econ. 2022;31(6):1276\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.4510.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"key":"10440_CR19","unstructured":"Safe_Work_Australia. National return to work survey. Canberra, ACT; 2018. Canberra: Safe Work Australia; 2018."},{"key":"10440_CR20","volume-title":"Employee earnings and hours, Australia, 2021","author":"Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics","year":"2021","unstructured":"Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics. Employee earnings and hours, Australia, 2021. Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2021."},{"issue":"1","key":"10440_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1007\/s10926-020-09904-z","volume":"31","author":"CS Dewa","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dewa CS, Hoch JS, Loong D, Trojanowski L, Bonato S. Evidence for the cost-effectiveness of return-to-work interventions for mental illness related sickness absences: a systematic literature review. J Occup Rehabil. 2021;31(1):26\u201340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-020-09904-z.","journal-title":"J Occup Rehabil"},{"key":"10440_CR22","unstructured":"Australian_Bureau_of_Statistics. All Groups Consumer Price Index for Australia; Jun-quarter-2025. Consumer Price Index, Australia Canberra: Australian Bureau of Statistics; 2025."},{"key":"10440_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-017-0585-2","volume":"36","author":"L Edney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edney L, Afzali H, Cheng T, Karnon J. Estimating the reference incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the Australian health system. Pharmacoeconomics. 2018;36:239\u201352.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10440_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-398","volume":"12","author":"LJ Cobiac","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cobiac LJ, Magnus A, Barendregt JJ, Carter R, Vos T. Improving the cost-effectiveness of cardiovascular disease prevention in Australia: a modelling study. BMC Public Health. 2012;12(1):398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-398.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"11","key":"10440_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.2165\/00019053-200119110-00004","volume":"19","author":"B George","year":"2001","unstructured":"George B, Harris A, Mitchell A. Cost-effectiveness analysis and the consistency of decision making. Pharmacoeconomics. 2001;19(11):1103\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/00019053-200119110-00004.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10440_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1002\/hec.1481","volume":"19","author":"T Shiroiwa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Shiroiwa T, Sung Y-K, Fukuda T, Lang H-C, Bae S-C, Tsutani K. International survey on willingness-to-pay (WTP) for one additional QALY gained: what is the threshold of cost effectiveness? Health Econ. 2010;19(4):422\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hec.1481.","journal-title":"Health Econ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10440_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e833","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00162-6","volume":"11","author":"A Pichon-Riviere","year":"2023","unstructured":"Pichon-Riviere A, Drummond M, Palacios A, Garcia-Marti S, Augustovski F. Determining the efficiency path to universal health coverage: cost-effectiveness thresholds for 174 countries based on growth in life expectancy and health expenditures. Lancet Glob Health. 2023;11(6):e833\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(23)00162-6.","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"key":"10440_CR28","volume-title":"Economic evaluation in clinical trials","author":"H Glick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Glick H, Doshi J, Sonnad S, Polsky D. Economic evaluation in clinical trials. New York: Oxford University Press; 2007."},{"issue":"8","key":"10440_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-018-0650-5","volume":"36","author":"B Leurent","year":"2018","unstructured":"Leurent B, Gomes M, Faria R, Morris S, Grieve R, Carpenter JR. Sensitivity analysis for not-at-random missing data in trial-based cost-effectiveness analysis: a tutorial. Pharmacoeconomics. 2018;36(8):889\u2013901. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-018-0650-5.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10440_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-017-0585-2","volume":"36","author":"LC Edney","year":"2018","unstructured":"Edney LC, Haji Ali Afzali H, Cheng TC, Karnon J. Estimating the reference incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for the Australian health system. Pharmacoeconomics. 2018;36(2):239\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40273-017-0585-2.","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10440_CR31","unstructured":"U.S. Department of Labor, 2026. https:\/\/www.bls.gov\/cpi\/tables\/supplemental-files\/historical-cpi-u-202604.xlsx. Accessed 13 May 2026."},{"key":"10440_CR32","unstructured":"Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 2026. ceicdata.com. Accessed 13 May 2026."},{"issue":"6","key":"10440_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.1111\/add.12117","volume":"108","author":"DH Gustafson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gustafson DH, Quanbeck AR, Robinson JM, Ford JH 2nd, Pulvermacher A, French MT, et al. Which elements of improvement collaboratives are most effective? A cluster-randomized trial. Addiction. 2013;108(6):1145\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.12117.","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"key":"10440_CR34","volume-title":"Practice incentives program quality improvement incentive \u2013 guidelines","author":"Australian_Government_Department_of_Health","year":"2019","unstructured":"Australian_Government_Department_of_Health. Practice incentives program quality improvement incentive \u2013 guidelines. Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia; 2019."},{"key":"10440_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cam\u00f5es-Costa V, et-al. Measuring guideline concordant care when recommendations require clinical judgment: a mixed methods approach. JBI Evidence Implementation. 2026. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000603","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000603"},{"key":"10440_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2016.02.020","volume":"19","author":"L Vallejo-Torres","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vallejo-Torres L, Garc\u00eda-Lorenzo B, Castilla I, Valc\u00e1rcel-Nazco C, Garc\u00eda-P\u00e9rez L, Linertov\u00e1 R, et al. On the estimation of the cost-effectiveness threshold: why, what, how? Value Health. 2016;19:558\u201366.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10440_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2009.04.012","volume":"120","author":"K Uegaki","year":"2010","unstructured":"Uegaki K, Bakker I, de Bruijne M, van der Beek A, Terluin B, van Marwijk H, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a minimal intervention for stress-related sick leave in general practice: results of an economic evaluation alongside a pragmatic randomised control trial. J Affect Disord. 2010;120(1\u20133):177\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2009.04.012.","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"issue":"1","key":"10440_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s43058-023-00531-2","volume":"4","author":"V Cam\u00f5es-Costa","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cam\u00f5es-Costa V, Chakraborty S, Mozaffari F, Collie A, Kenardy J, Brijnath B, et al. Assessing the fidelity of a behavioural intervention involving academic detailing in general practice: a sub-study of the \u2018Implementing work-related Mental health guidelines in general PRacticE\u2019 (IMPRovE) trial. Implement Sci Commun. 2023;4(1):154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s43058-023-00531-2.","journal-title":"Implement Sci Commun"}],"container-title":["Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T15:03:19Z","timestamp":1787324599000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10440"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10926-026-10440-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["1053-0487","1573-3688"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1053-0487","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-3688","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"13 March 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"21 August 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"AC is supported by an Australian Research Council Future Fellowship (FT190100218); JK received an NHMRC Million Minds Mental Health Research Grant: Growing Minds Australia: A National Trials Strategy to Transform Child and Youth Mental Health Services; AC\u2019s institution receives research funding from Worksafe Victoria, State Insurance Regulatory Authority of NSW, icare NSW, WorkCover QLD, Comcare, Safe Work Australia on other projects; DMa is a member of the RACGP\u2019s Expert Committee on Research and Chair\u2019s the RACGP Preventive Care Guideline (Redbook) Development Group; JK is the Editor in Chief,\u00a0\n                      Australian Journal of Psychology\n                      , Australia Psychological Society, and is a research committee member of the Rotary Health Research Foundation; AC receives data for research from all eight of the state and territory workers compensation regulators in Australia, and the Commonwealth government, to support research projects he leads; AC is on the expert advisory committees for SIRA NSW and icare and ReturnToWork SA. The lead author affirms that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as originally planned and registered have been explained.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}