{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T08:28:39Z","timestamp":1759480119895,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Psycholinguist Res"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]],"date-time":"2022-10-02T09:02:26Z","timestamp":1664701346000},"page":"631-651","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Disambiguating Effects of Syllable Position and Neighborhood Size: Contributions of Hanja During Sino-Korean Processing"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"52","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3816-9701","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoolim","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra","family":"Kotzor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aditi","family":"Lahiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"9913_CR1","first-page":"341","volume":"21","author":"CJ \u00c1lvarez","year":"2000","unstructured":"\u00c1lvarez, C. J., Carreiras, M., & de Vega, M. (2000). Syllable frequency effect in visual word recognition: Evidence of sequential type-processing. Psicol\u00f3gica, 21, 341\u2013374.","journal-title":"Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03214334","volume":"4","author":"S Andrews","year":"1997","unstructured":"Andrews, S. (1997). The effect of orthographic similarity on lexical retrieval: Resolving neighborhood conflicts. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review, 4(4), 439\u2013461. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03214334","journal-title":"Psychonomic Bulletin and Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","volume":"59","author":"RH Baayen","year":"2008","unstructured":"Baayen, R. H., Davidson, D. J., & Bates, D. M. (2008). Mixed-effects modeling with crossed random effects for subjects and items. Journal of Memory and Language, 59(4), 390\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jml.2007.12.005","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"key":"9913_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.21296\/jls.2016.06.77.109","volume":"77","author":"S Bae","year":"2016","unstructured":"Bae, S., Park, K., Lee, H.-W., & Yi, K. (2016). The mono-syllabic word inferiority effect within Koreanword recognition. The Journal of Linguistic Science, 77, 109\u2013125.","journal-title":"The Journal of Linguistic Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","volume":"68","author":"DJ Barr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barr, D. J., Levy, R., Scheepers, C., & Tily, H. J. (2013). Random effects structure for confirmatory hypothesis testing: Keep it maximal. Journal of Memory and Language, 68(3), 255\u2013278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jml.2012.11.001","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","volume":"67","author":"D Bates","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bates, D., M\u00e4chler, M., Bolker, B., & Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1\u201348. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18637\/jss.v067.i01","journal-title":"Journal of Statistical Software"},{"issue":"6","key":"9913_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"766","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1993.1038","volume":"32","author":"M Carreiras","year":"1993","unstructured":"Carreiras, M., Alvarez, C. J., & de Vega, M. (1993). Syllable frequency and visual word recognition in Spanish. Journal of Memory and Language, 32(6), 766\u2013780. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmla.1993.1038","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"857","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.23.4.857","volume":"23","author":"M Carreiras","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carreiras, M., Perea, M., & Grainger, J. (1997). Effects of orthographic neighborhood in visual word recognition: Cross-task comparisons. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 23(4), 857\u2013871. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.23.4.857","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"issue":"2","key":"9913_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1037\/a0027175","volume":"119","author":"Q Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen, Q., & Mirman, D. (2012). Competition and cooperation among similar representations: Toward a unified account of facilitative and inhibitory effects of lexical neighbors. Psychological Review, 119(2), 417\u2013430. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0027175","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"9913_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"955","DOI":"10.1007\/s11145-008-9135-9","volume":"22","author":"F Chetail","year":"2009","unstructured":"Chetail, F., & Mathey, S. (2009). The syllable frequency effect in visual recognition of French words: A study in skilled and beginning readers. Reading and Writing, 22, 955\u2013973. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11145-008-9135-9","journal-title":"Reading and Writing"},{"key":"9913_CR12","first-page":"535","volume-title":"Attention and performance IV","author":"M Coltheart","year":"1977","unstructured":"Coltheart, M., Davelaar, E., Jonasson, J. T., & Besner, D. (1977). Access to the internal lexicon. In S. Dornic (Ed.), Attention and performance IV (pp. 535\u2013555). Erlbaum."},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960344000224","volume":"19","author":"M Conrad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Conrad, M., & Jacobs, A. M. (2004). Replicating syllable frequency effects in Spanish in German: One more challenge to computational models of visual word recognition. Language and Cognitive Processes, 19(3), 369\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01690960344000224","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"key":"9913_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1515\/ling.1985.23.5.723","volume":"23","author":"A Cutler","year":"1985","unstructured":"Cutler, A., Hawkins, J. A., & Gilligan, G. (1985). The suffixing preference: A processing explanation. Linguistics, 23, 723\u2013758. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/ling.1985.23.5.723","journal-title":"Linguistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"9913_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"708","DOI":"10.1006\/jmla.1996.0037","volume":"35","author":"L Ferrand","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ferrand, L., Segu\u00ed, J., & Grainger, J. (1996). Masked priming of words and picture naming: The role of syllabic units. Journal of Memory and Language, 35(5), 708\u2013723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/jmla.1996.0037","journal-title":"Journal of Memory and Language"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-7393.20.4.844","volume":"20","author":"KL Forster","year":"1994","unstructured":"Forster, K. L., & Taft, M. (1994). Bodies, antibodies, and neighborhood density effects in masked form priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 20(4), 844\u2013863. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0278-7393.20.4.844","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition"},{"key":"9913_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.31234\/osf.io\/hzrxf","author":"FM G\u00f6tz","year":"2021","unstructured":"G\u00f6tz, F. M., Gosling, S. D., & Rentfrow, J. (2021). Small effects: The indispensable foundation for a cumulative psychological science. Perspectives on Psychological Science. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.31234\/osf.io\/hzrxf","journal-title":"Perspectives on Psychological Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3758\/bf03210696","volume":"45","author":"J Grainger","year":"1989","unstructured":"Grainger, J., O\u2019Regan, J. K., Jacobs, A. M., & Segu\u00ed, J. (1989). On the role of competing word units in visual word recognition: The neighborhood frequency effect. Perception and Psychophysics, 45(3), 189\u2013195. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/bf03210696","journal-title":"Perception and Psychophysics"},{"issue":"2\u20133","key":"9913_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0024-3841(88)90060-5","volume":"74","author":"JA Hawkins","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hawkins, J. A., & Gilligan, G. (1988). Prefixing and suffixing universals in relation to basic word order. Lingua, 74(2\u20133), 219\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0024-3841(88)90060-5","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"issue":"6","key":"9913_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1080\/01690960902719267","volume":"24","author":"JM Hupp","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hupp, J. M., Sloutsky, V. M., & Culicover, P. W. (2009). Evidence for a domain-general mechanism underlying the suffixation preference in language. Language and Cognitive Processes, 24(6), 876\u2013909. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/01690960902719267","journal-title":"Language and Cognitive Processes"},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1006\/cogp.1994.1008","volume":"26","author":"NF Johnson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Johnson, N. F., & Pugh, K. R. (1994). A cohort model of visual word recognition. Cognitive Psychology, 26(3), 240\u2013346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1006\/cogp.1994.1008","journal-title":"Cognitive Psychology"},{"key":"9913_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lingua.2021.103128","author":"Y Kim","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kim, Y., Kotzor, S., & Lahiri, A. (2021). Is Hanja represented in the Korean mental lexicon? Encoding cross-script semantic cohorts in the representation of Sino-Korean. Lingua. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lingua.2021.103128","journal-title":"Lingua"},{"key":"9913_CR22","unstructured":"Lenth, R. V. (2021). Emmeans: Estimated marginal means, aka least-squares means. R package version 1.6.2 1. https:\/\/CRAN.R-project.org\/package=emmeans"},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1177\/002383098703000103","volume":"30","author":"MM Lucas","year":"1987","unstructured":"Lucas, M. M. (1987). Frequency effects on the processing of ambiguous words in sentence contexts. Language and Speech, 30(1), 25\u201346. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/002383098703000103","journal-title":"Language and Speech"},{"key":"9913_CR24","first-page":"107","volume":"8","author":"S Mathey","year":"2002","unstructured":"Mathey, S., & Zagar, D. (2002). Lexical similarity in visual word recognition: The effect of syllabic neighbourhood in French. Current Psychology Letters: Behaviour, Brain & Cognition, 8, 107\u2013121.","journal-title":"Current Psychology Letters: Behaviour, Brain & Cognition"},{"issue":"5","key":"9913_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.5.375","volume":"88","author":"JL McClelland","year":"1981","unstructured":"McClelland, J. L., & Rumelhart, D. E. (1981). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I an account of basic findings. Psychological Review, 88(5), 375\u2013407. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.88.5.375","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"9913_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.014","volume":"129","author":"G Meade","year":"2019","unstructured":"Meade, G., Grainger, J., & Holcomb, P. J. (2019). Task modulates ERP effects of orthographic neighborhood for pseudowords but not words. Neuropsychologia, 129, 385\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropsychologia.2019.02.014","journal-title":"Neuropsychologia"},{"key":"9913_CR27","first-page":"148","volume-title":"Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition","author":"S Monsell","year":"1991","unstructured":"Monsell, S. (1991). The nature and locus of word frequency effects in reading. In D. Besner & G. W. Humphreys (Eds.), Basic processes in reading: Visual word recognition (pp. 148\u2013197). Erlbaum."},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1080\/14640748308402116","volume":"35A","author":"GC Oden","year":"1983","unstructured":"Oden, G. C., & Spira, J. L. (1983). Influence of context on the activation and selection of ambiguous word senses. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 35A(1), 51\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14640748308402116","journal-title":"Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology"},{"key":"9913_CR29","unstructured":"Oh, Y. M. (2015). Linguistic complexity and information: Quantitative approaches (Doctoral dissertation, University of Lyon, Lyon, France). Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ddl.cnrs.fr\/fulltext\/Yoonmi\/Oh_2015_1.pdf."},{"key":"9913_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03196957","volume":"9","author":"W Onifer","year":"1981","unstructured":"Onifer, W., & Swinney, D. A. (1981). Accessing lexical ambiguities during sentence comprehension: Effects of frequency of meaning and contextual bias. Memory and Cognition, 9, 225\u2013236. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03196957","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"key":"9913_CR31","first-page":"40","volume":"5","author":"K Park","year":"1993","unstructured":"Park, K. (1993). Mental code involved in Hangul word recognition. Korean Journal of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, 5, 40\u201355.","journal-title":"Korean Journal of Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.24.1.134","volume":"24","author":"M Perea","year":"1998","unstructured":"Perea, M., & Carreiras, M. (1998). Effects of syllable-frequency and syllable neighborhood frequency in visualword recognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 24(1), 134\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.24.1.134","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"9913_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03194799","volume":"21","author":"M Perea","year":"2000","unstructured":"Perea, M., & Rosa, E. (2000). The effects of orthographic neighborhood in reading and laboratory word identification tasks: A review. Psicol\u00f3gica, 21, 327\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03194799","journal-title":"Psicol\u00f3gica"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.1037\/0096-1523.25.4.1142","volume":"25","author":"A Pollatsek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pollatsek, A., Perea, M., & Binder, K. (1999). The effects of \u201cneighborhood size\u201d in reading and lexical decision. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 25(4), 1142\u20131158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0096-1523.25.4.1142","journal-title":"Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance"},{"key":"9913_CR35","unstructured":"R Core Team (2018). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing."},{"issue":"1","key":"9913_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.89.1.60","volume":"89","author":"DE Rumelhart","year":"1982","unstructured":"Rumelhart, D. E., & McClelland, J. L. (1982). An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: II The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model. Psychological Review, 89(1), 60\u201394. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0033-295X.89.1.60","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"9913_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/0010-0285(82)90017-2","volume":"14","author":"M Seidenberg","year":"1982","unstructured":"Seidenberg, M., Tanenhaus, M. K., Leiman, J. M., & Bienkowski, M. (1982). Automatic access of the meanings of ambiguous words in context: Some limitations of knowledge-based processing. CognitivePsychology, 14(4), 489\u2013537. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0010-0285(82)90017-2","journal-title":"CognitivePsychology"},{"key":"9913_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00867335","volume":"53","author":"PT Smith","year":"1991","unstructured":"Smith, P. T., Jordan, T. R., & Sharma, D. (1991). A connectionist model of visual-word recognition that accounts for interactions between mask size and word length. Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung, 53, 80\u201387. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00867335","journal-title":"Psychological Research Psychologische Forschung"},{"issue":"6","key":"9913_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1016\/S00225371(79)90355-4","volume":"18","author":"DA Swinney","year":"1979","unstructured":"Swinney, D. A. (1979). Lexical access during sentence comprehension: (Re) consideration of context effects. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 18(6), 645\u2013659. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S00225371(79)90355-4","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"9913_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03197534","volume":"7","author":"D Swinney","year":"1979","unstructured":"Swinney, D., Onifer, W., Prather, P., & Hirshkowitz, M. (1979). Semantic facilitation across sensory modalities in the processing of individual words and sentences. Memory and Cognition, 7, 159\u2013165. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BF03197534","journal-title":"Memory and Cognition"},{"issue":"6","key":"9913_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/00225371(76)90054-2","volume":"15","author":"M Taft","year":"1976","unstructured":"Taft, M., & Forster, K. I. (1976). Lexical storage and retrieval of polymorphemic and polysyllabic words. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior, 15(6), 607\u2013620. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/00225371(76)90054-2","journal-title":"Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior"},{"key":"9913_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taylor, I., & Taylor, M. M. (2014). Writing and literacy in Chinese, Korean, and Japanese: Revised edition. John Benjamins. Doi: https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1075\/swll.14","DOI":"10.1075\/swll.14"},{"issue":"3","key":"9913_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1353\/lan.2021.0048","volume":"97","author":"H Wynne","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wynne, H., Kotzor, S., Zhou, B., Schuster, S., & Lahiri, A. (2021). Asymmetries in the processing of affixed words in Bengali. Language, 97(3), 599\u2013628. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1353\/lan.2021.0048","journal-title":"Language"}],"container-title":["Journal of Psycholinguistic Research"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,6]],"date-time":"2023-05-06T01:09:08Z","timestamp":1683335348000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"references-count":43,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9913"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10936-022-09913-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0090-6905","1573-6555"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0090-6905"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-6555"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 September 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 October 2022","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"The study was approved by the Central University Research Ethics Committee (CUREC) at the University of Oxford, and participants provided written informed consent before taking part partaking in the research.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent was acquired from all involved human participants.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}