{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:49:09Z","timestamp":1776325749323,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":59,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1776211200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Relig Health"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T19:11:46Z","timestamp":1776280306000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["The Role of Spirituality and Rumination in the Occurrence of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Posttraumatic Growth Among Ukrainians Exposed to War Trauma Studying in Poland"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2794-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zygfryd","family":"Juczy\u0144ski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8868-407X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nina","family":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"reference":[{"issue":"16","key":"2660_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18168829","volume":"18","author":"B Acar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Acar, B., Acar, \u0130H., Alhiraki, O. A., Fahham, O., Erim, Y., & Acarturk, C. (2021). The role of coping strategies in post-traumatic growth among Syrian refugees: A structural equation model. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), Article 8829. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18168829","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"key":"2660_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 5th ed.","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"2660_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Calhoun, L. G., Cann, A., Tedeschi, R. G., & McMillan, J. (2010). The posttraumatic growth model: Sociocultural considerations. In T. Weiss & R. Berger (Eds.), Posttraumatic growth and culturally competent practice (pp. 1\u201314). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00558-7","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-022-00558-7"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020903375826","volume":"16","author":"A Cann","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., & Solomon, D. T. (2011). Posttraumatic growth and depreciation as independent experiences and predictors of well-being. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 16(3), 235\u2013243. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325020903375826","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1080\/10615800903094273","volume":"23","author":"A Cann","year":"2010","unstructured":"Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., Taku, K., Vishnevsky, T., Triplett, K. N., & Danhauer, S. C. (2010). A short form of the posttraumatic growth inventory. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping, 23(2), 127\u2013137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10615800903094273","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, & Coping"},{"key":"2660_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-023-01737-3","volume":"62","author":"LB Carey","year":"2023","unstructured":"Carey, L. B., Cohen, J., Gabbay, E., Koenig, H. G., Hill, T., Aiken, C., Drummond, D., Carey, J. R., Hart, C., & Fisher, J. W. (2023). Chaplaincy, Judaism, Ukraine, COVID-19 and JORH Jubilee. Journal of Religion and Health, 62, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-023-01737-3","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"key":"2660_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s44202-024-00208-4","volume":"4","author":"E Clout","year":"2024","unstructured":"Clout, E., Statham, D. J., Human, B., Allen, A., & Kannis\u2011Dymand, L. (2024). The role of rumination and metamemory beliefs in posttraumatic growth and posttraumatic stress. Discover Psychology, 4, Article 109. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44202-024-00208-4","journal-title":"Discover Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21978","volume":"28","author":"JM Currier","year":"2015","unstructured":"Currier, J. M., Holland, J. M., & Drescher, K. D. (2015). Spirituality factors in the prediction of outcomes of PTSD treatment for U.S. military veterans. Journal of Trauma & Stress, 28(1), 57\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.21978","journal-title":"Journal of Trauma & Stress"},{"key":"2660_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmh.2023.100196","author":"P D\u0142ugosz","year":"2023","unstructured":"D\u0142ugosz, P. (2023). War trauma and strategies for coping with stress among Ukrainian refugees staying in Poland. Journal of Migration and Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmh.2023.100196","journal-title":"Journal of Migration and Health"},{"key":"2660_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0272036","author":"C Eames","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eames, C., & O\u2019Connor, D. (2022). The role of repetitive thinking and spirituality in the development of posttraumatic growth and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder. PLoS ONE. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0272036","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"4","key":"2660_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(99)00123-0","volume":"38","author":"A Ehlers","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ehlers, A., & Clark, D. M. (2000). A cognitive model of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 38(4), 319\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0005-7967(99)00123-0","journal-title":"Behaviour Research and Therapy"},{"issue":"9","key":"2660_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1080\/13674676.2024.2426733","volume":"27","author":"I Fayaz","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fayaz, I. (2024). Faith as a catalyst: The role of religion in fostering posttraumatic growth among women survivors of sexual violence. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 27(9), 884\u2013898. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13674676.2024.2426733","journal-title":"Mental Health, Religion & Culture"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR13","first-page":"56","volume":"21","author":"CE Fry","year":"2024","unstructured":"Fry, C. E., Currier, J. M., & Drescher, K. D. (2024). Religiosity and treatment outcomes in veterans with PTSD. Psychological Services, 21(1), 56\u201367.","journal-title":"Psychological Services"},{"key":"2660_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.077","volume":"282","author":"J Greenberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Greenberg, J., Tsai, J., Southwick, S. M., & Pietrzak, R. H. (2021). Can military trauma promote psychological growth in combat veterans? Results from the National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 282, 1732\u20131739. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2020.12.077","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR15","first-page":"17","volume":"3","author":"E Gruszczy\u0144ska","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gruszczy\u0144ska, E., & Heszen, I. (2004). Kwestionariusz Opisu Siebie: Narz\u0119dzie do badania duchowo\u015bci [Self-description questionnaire: A tool for exploring spirituality]. Psychologia Jako\u015bci \u017bycia, 3(1), 17\u201334.","journal-title":"Psychologia Jako\u015bci \u017bycia"},{"key":"2660_CR16","volume-title":"Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach","author":"AF Hayes","year":"2018","unstructured":"Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. Guilford Press."},{"key":"2660_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz097","author":"M Hendrickx","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hendrickx, M., Woodward, A., Fuhr, D. C., Sondorp, E., & Roberts, B. (2019). The burden of mental disorders and access to mental health and psychosocial support services in Syria and among Syrian refugees in neighboring countries: A systematic review. Journal of Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/pubmed\/fdz097","journal-title":"Journal of Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR18","first-page":"15","volume":"47","author":"I Heszen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heszen, I., & Gruszczy\u0144ska, E. (2004). Spirituality as a human dimension: Importance in health psychology and measurement. The Review of Psychology, 47(1), 15\u201331.","journal-title":"The Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2660_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066x.44.3.513","volume":"44","author":"SE Hobfoll","year":"1989","unstructured":"Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44, 513\u2013524. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0003-066x.44.3.513","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"2660_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20008198.2019.1578637","author":"TH Hoppen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Hoppen, T. H., & Morina, N. (2019). The prevalence of PTSD and major depression in the global population of adult war survivors: A meta-analytically informed estimate in absolute numbers. European Journal of Psychotraumatology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/20008198.2019.1578637","journal-title":"European Journal of Psychotraumatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2660_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1002\/per.1963","volume":"28","author":"E Jayawickreme","year":"2014","unstructured":"Jayawickreme, E., & Blackie, L. E. R. (2014). Posttraumatic growth as positive personality change: Evidence, controversies and future directions. European Journal of Personality, 28(4), 312\u2013331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/per.1963","journal-title":"European Journal of Personality"},{"issue":"9","key":"2660_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-021-02176-9","volume":"57","author":"RJ Johnson","year":"2022","unstructured":"Johnson, R. J., Antonaccio, O., & Botchkovar, E. (2022). War trauma and PTSD in Ukraine\u2019s civilian population: Comparing urban-dwelling to internally displaced persons. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 57(9), 1807\u20131816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00127-021-02176-9","journal-title":"Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"2660_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/152817","volume":"57","author":"Z Juczy\u0144ski","year":"2023","unstructured":"Juczy\u0144ski, Z., Kwieci\u0144ska, L., & Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N. (2023). Ruminations as predictors of post-traumatic stress disorder after hospitalization for Covid-19. Psychiatria Polska, 57(5), 1011\u20131022. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12740\/PP\/152817","journal-title":"Psychiatria Polska"},{"key":"2660_CR24","unstructured":"Kobylarczyk-Kaczmarek, M., & Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N. (2023). Trauma u m\u0142odzie\u017cy. Konsekwencje i uwarunkowania [Trauma in youth. Consequences and determinants]. Difin."},{"key":"2660_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3729","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-024-02112-6","volume":"63","author":"HG Koenig","year":"2024","unstructured":"Koenig, H. G., & Carey, L. B. (2024). Religion, spirituality and health research: Warning of contaminated scales. Journal of Religion and Health, 63, 3729\u20133743. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-024-02112-6","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1276","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-025-02249-y","volume":"64","author":"HG Koenig","year":"2025","unstructured":"Koenig, H. G., & Carey, L. B. (2025). Approaches for analyzing the relationship between spirituality and health using measures contaminated with indicators of mental\u00a0and\u00a0social health. Journal of Religion and Health, 64(2), 1276\u20131286. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-025-02249-y","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.18290\/rpsych.2019.22.3-2","volume":"XXII","author":"V Kondriatyuk","year":"2019","unstructured":"Kondriatyuk, V., & Puchalska-Wasyl, M. (2019). Posttraumatic growth, resiliency and basic hope in soldiers fighting in Eastern Ukraine. Annals of Psychology, XXII(3), 213\u2013231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.18290\/rpsych.2019.22.3-2","journal-title":"Annals of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR28","first-page":"126","volume":"14","author":"D Krok","year":"2009","unstructured":"Krok, D. (2009). Religijno\u015b\u0107 a duchowo\u015b\u0107: R\u00f3\u017cnice i podobie\u0144stwa z perspektywy psychologii religii [Religiousness and spirituality: Differences and similarities from the perspective of psychology of religion]. Polskie Forum Psychologiczne, 14(1), 126\u2013141.","journal-title":"Polskie Forum Psychologiczne"},{"key":"2660_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1190465","volume":"14","author":"A Kurapov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kurapov, A., Danyliuk, I., Loboda, A., Kalaitzaki, A., Kowatsch, T., Klimash, T., & Predko, V. (2023). Six months into the war: A first-wave study of stress, anxiety, and depression among in Ukraine. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, Article 1190465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1190465","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/J.LANEPE.2022.100358","author":"DA Leon","year":"2022","unstructured":"Leon, D. A., Jdanov, D., Gerry, C., Grigoriev, P., Jasilionis, D., McKee, M., Mesle, F., Penina, O., Twigg, J., Vallin, J., & Vagero, D. (2022). The Russian invasion of Ukraine and its public health consequences. The Lancet Regional Health - Europe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.LANEPE.2022.100358","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health - Europe"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e","volume":"17","author":"PA Linley","year":"2004","unstructured":"Linley, P. A., & Joseph, S. (2004). Positive change following trauma and adversity: A review. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 17(1), 11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1023\/B:JOTS.0000014671.27856.7e","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"2660_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-021-01643-5","volume":"42","author":"A Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu, A., Wang, W., & Wu, X. (2023). The mediating role of rumination in the relation between self-compassion, posttraumatic stress disorder, and posttraumatic growth among adolescents after the Jiuzhaigou earthquake. Current Psychology, 42, 3846\u20133859. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-021-01643-5","journal-title":"Current Psychology"},{"key":"2660_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100773","author":"O Lushchak","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lushchak, O., Velykodna, M., Bolman, S., Strilbytska, O., Berezovskyi, V., & Storeye, K. B. (2024). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among Ukrainians after the first year of Russian invasion: a nationwide cross-sectional study. The Lancet Regional Health Europe. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lanepe.2023.100773","journal-title":"The Lancet Regional Health Europe"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0117701","volume":"10","author":"DA MacDonald","year":"2015","unstructured":"MacDonald, D. A., Friedman, H. L., Brewczynski, J., Holland, D., Salagame, K. K., Mohan, K. K., Gubrij, Z. O., & Cheong, H. W. (2015). Spirituality as a scientific construct: Testing its universality across cultures and languages. PLoS ONE, 10(3), Article e0117701. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0117701","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.29038\/eejpl.2023.10.2.mat","volume":"10","author":"O Matlasevych","year":"2023","unstructured":"Matlasevych, O., Balashov, E., & Kotovska, Y. (2023). Emotive and metacognitive processes in post-traumatic growth of University students. East European Journal of Psycholinguistics., 10(2), 91\u2013110.","journal-title":"East European Journal of Psycholinguistics."},{"key":"2660_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1331033","volume":"14","author":"GJ Nowicki","year":"2024","unstructured":"Nowicki, G. J., Schneider-Matyka, D., Godlewska, I., Tytu\u0142a, A., Kotus, M., Walec, M., Grochans, E., & \u015alusarska, B. (2024). The relationship between the strength of religious faith and spirituality in relation to post-traumatic growth among nurses caring for COVID-19 patients in eastern Poland: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14, Article 1331033. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyt.2023.1331033","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychiatry"},{"key":"2660_CR37","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N. (2013). Pozytywne skutki do\u015bwiadcze\u0144 traumatycznych czyli kiedy \u0142zy zamieniaj\u0105 si\u0119 w per\u0142y [The positive effects of traumatic experiences: when tears turn into pearls]. Difin."},{"issue":"4","key":"2660_CR38","first-page":"321","volume":"29","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N. (2017). Rumination and posttraumatic outcomes in peacekeeping soldiers. Military Psychology, 29(4), 321\u2013335.","journal-title":"Military Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR39","first-page":"12","volume":"29","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2025","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., & B\u0105k, A. (2025). Reflective rumination as a mediator between PTSD and PTG in police officers. Polish Journal of Psychology, 29(1), 12\u201328.","journal-title":"Polish Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR40","first-page":"383","volume":"58","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., & Juczy\u0144ski, Z. (2015). Inwentarz Ruminacji o Negatywnym Zdarzeniu: Polska adaptacja the Event Related Rumination Inventory [Polish adaptation of the Event Related Rumination Inventory]. The Review of Psychology, 58(3), 383\u2013400.","journal-title":"The Review of Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-024-02031-6","volume":"63","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., & Juczy\u0144ski, Z. (2024). Spirituality and posttraumatic growth in nuns caring for disabled individuals. Journal of Religion and Health, 63(1), 88\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-024-02031-6","journal-title":"Journal of Religion and Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR42","first-page":"287","volume":"61","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., Juczy\u0144ski, Z., Lis-Turlejska, M., & Merecz-Kot, D. (2018). Polish adaptation of PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 \u2013 PCL-5. A preliminary communication. The Review of Psychology, 61(2), 287\u2013291.","journal-title":"The Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2660_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/s10880-019-09606-6","volume":"27","author":"N Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ogi\u0144ska-Bulik, N., & Michalska, P. (2020). The relationship between emotional processing deficits and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among breast cancer patients: The mediating role of rumination. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 27, 11\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10880-019-09606-6","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR44","first-page":"40","volume":"15","author":"CL Park","year":"2013","unstructured":"Park, C. L. (2013). The meaning making model: A framework for understanding meaning, spirituality, and stress-related growth in health psychology. The European Health Psychologist, 15(2), 40\u201347.","journal-title":"The European Health Psychologist"},{"issue":"2","key":"2660_CR45","first-page":"165","volume":"23","author":"RH Pietrzak","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pietrzak, R. H., et al. (2010). Posttraumatic growth in combat veterans. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 23(2), 165\u2013173.","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"11","key":"2660_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00241-4","volume":"11","author":"I Pinchuk","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pinchuk, I., Leventhal, B. L., Ladyk-Bryzghalova, A., Lien, L., Yachnik, Y., Dias, M. C., Virchenko, V., Szatmari, P., Protsenko, O., Chaimowitz, G. A., Chisholm, D., Kolokolova, V., Guerrero, A. P. S., Chumak, S., Myshakivska, O., Robertson, P. G., Hanson, M. D., Liu, H. Y., De Picker, L. J., \u2026 Skokauskas, N. (2024). The lancet psychiatry commission on mental health in Ukraine. The Lancet Psychiatry, 11(11), 910\u2013933. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2215-0366(24)00241-4","journal-title":"The Lancet Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","volume":"40","author":"KJ Preacher","year":"2008","unstructured":"Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879\u2013891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3758\/BRM.40.3.879","journal-title":"Behavior Research Methods"},{"issue":"3","key":"2660_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1007\/s40653-021-00401-w","volume":"15","author":"M Ramadan","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ramadan, M., Kheirallah, K., Saleh, T., Bellizzi, S., & Shorman, E. (2021). The relationship between spirituality and post-traumatic stress symptoms in Syrian adolescents in Jordan. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 15(3), 585\u2013593. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40653-021-00401-w","journal-title":"Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR49","first-page":"33","volume":"75","author":"L Russell","year":"2023","unstructured":"Russell, L., & Mussap, A. (2023). Rumination and trauma outcomes in Australian military personnel. Australian Journal of Psychology, 75(1), 33\u201345.","journal-title":"Australian Journal of Psychology"},{"issue":"11","key":"2660_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1411","DOI":"10.1080\/09540121.2016.1182615","volume":"28","author":"M Rzeszutek","year":"2016","unstructured":"Rzeszutek, M., Oniszczenko, W., & Firl\u0105g-Burkacka, E. (2016). Gender differences in posttraumatic stress symptoms and the level of posttraumatic growth among a Polish sample of HIV-positive individuals. AIDS Care, 28(11), 1411\u20131415. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09540121.2016.1182615","journal-title":"AIDS Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR51","first-page":"45","volume":"18","author":"A Senejko","year":"2024","unstructured":"Senejko, A., Matlasevych, O., & Kurapov, A. (2024). Posttraumatic growth in Ukrainian immigrants in Poland. Migration Studies, 18(1), 45\u201361.","journal-title":"Migration Studies"},{"key":"2660_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119944","volume":"391","author":"O Serdiuk","year":"2025","unstructured":"Serdiuk, O., Burlaka, V., Markovska, A., Smith, C., Panok, V., Klochkov, V., & Javanbakht, A. (2025). Trauma exposure and risk of post-traumatic stress disorder among youth and young adults during the Russia-Ukraine war. Journal of Affective Disorders, 391, 15. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jad.2025.119944","journal-title":"Journal of Affective Disorders"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20606","volume":"24","author":"H Stockton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Stockton, H., Hunt, N., & Joseph, S. (2011). Cognitive processing, rumination, and posttraumatic growth. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 24(1), 85\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jts.20606","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"issue":"52","key":"2660_CR54","first-page":"53","volume":"2","author":"M Stra\u015b-Romanowska","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stra\u015b-Romanowska, M., Kowal, J., & Kapa\u0142a, M. (2016). How to measure spiritual sensitivity at the IT user\u2019s workplace? The construction process and method of validation of Spiritual Sensitivity Inventory (SSI). Ekonometria, 2(52), 53\u201376.","journal-title":"Ekonometria"},{"issue":"4","key":"2660_CR55","first-page":"92179","volume":"63","author":"M Szel\u0105g","year":"2020","unstructured":"Szel\u0105g, M., & Krok, D. (2020). Relations between spirituality and posttraumatic growth in women after mastectomy. The mediational role of meaning in life. The Review of Psychology, 63(4), 92179.","journal-title":"The Review of Psychology"},{"key":"2660_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781315527451","author":"RG Tedeschi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tedeschi, R. G., Shakespeare-Finch, J., & Taku, K. (2018). Posttraumatic growth: Theory, research, and applications. Routledge Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781315527451","journal-title":"Routledge Handbook of Posttraumatic Growth"},{"issue":"1","key":"2660_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2009.01546.x","volume":"34","author":"T Vishnevsky","year":"2010","unstructured":"Vishnevsky, T., Cann, A., Calhoun, L. G., Tedeschi, R. G., & Demakis, G. J. (2010). Gender differences in self-reported posttraumatic growth: A meta-analysis. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 34(1), 110\u2013120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2009.01546.x","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"key":"2660_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4147","DOI":"10.1007\/s10902-022-00558-7","volume":"23","author":"DB Yaden","year":"2022","unstructured":"Yaden, D. B., Batz-Barbarich, C. L., Ng, V., Vasiri, H., Gladstone, J. N., Pawelski, J. O., & Tay, L. (2022). A meta-analysis of religion\/spirituality and life satisfaction. Journal of Happiness Study, 23, 4147\u20134163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10902-022-00558-7","journal-title":"Journal of Happiness Study"},{"issue":"4","key":"2660_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.12740\/PP\/156157","volume":"57","author":"L Zab\u0142ocka-\u017bytka","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zab\u0142ocka-\u017bytka, L., & Lavdas, A. (2023). The stress of war. Recommendations for the protection of mental health and wellbeing for both Ukrainian refugees as well as poles supporting them. Psychiatria Polska, 57(4), 729\u2013746.","journal-title":"Psychiatria Polska"}],"container-title":["Journal of Religion and Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,16]],"date-time":"2026-04-16T07:02:51Z","timestamp":1776322971000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"references-count":59,"alternative-id":["2660"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10943-026-02660-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["0022-4197","1573-6571"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0022-4197","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6571","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"22 November 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 April 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors report no actual or potential conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"Ethics committee approval was obtained from the University Ethics Committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}