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The sample comprised 3120 women aged 50\u201369 who self-identified as White or Black (including Brown). Mammography use was categorized as never, within the past two years (in accordance with national guidelines), or more than two years ago. Multinomial logistic regression models assessed associations, controlled by sociodemographic, and health-related factors. Results show that Evangelical women were significantly more likely than Catholics to have never undergone a mammogram (\n                    <jats:italic>RRR<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.53) and to be overdue (\n                    <jats:italic>RRR<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091.52). Higher religious attendance was associated with a lower risk of never having been screened. These findings underscore a dual role of religion: it can either facilitate preventive care through, for instance, social support and health-promoting norms, or hinder it when certain beliefs\u2014such as \u201cfaith healing\u201d\u2014discourage medical engagement. Furthermore, racial disparities persist within Evangelicals. Among Black women, Evangelical affiliation was associated with a higher likelihood of never being screened, while high religious attendance substantially reduced this risk. Among White women, Evangelical affiliation did not influence initiation of screening but was linked to nearly double the risk of being overdue, with no significant effect of attendance. Ultimately, our findings underscore the complex intersection of religion, race, and health. This study makes a novel contribution by being the first in Brazil to assess how religious denomination and religiosity relate to mammography screening among racial groups. Future research on religion and health should account for racial disparities.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10943-026-02694-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T18:51:03Z","timestamp":1781290263000},"page":"3566-3586","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Exploring the Association of Religion and Religiosity on Mammography Screening Among White and Black Women: Results from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Aging (Elsi-Brazil)"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"65","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6038-6716","authenticated-orcid":false,"suffix":"Jr.","given":"Claudio Santiago","family":"Dias","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2062-9194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana Paula","family":"Verona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4852-6194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victor","family":"Leoc\u00e1dio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]]},"reference":[{"issue":"11","key":"2694_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2623","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2008001100017","volume":"24","author":"VMSL Amorim","year":"2008","unstructured":"Amorim, V. 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AI was employed specifically to assist with grammatical and orthographic correction, as well as to improve the overall fluency, coherence, and readability of the manuscript. The authors used AI-based language support to refine sentence structure, ensure consistency in terminology, and adapt the text to meet academic standards expected in international peer-reviewed journals. Importantly, all substantive content, including research design, data analysis, interpretation of findings, and conclusions, was entirely conceived and developed by the authors. The AI tools were used solely for editorial support, and no generative  AI was used to produce original scientific content.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of Generative AI and AI-Assisted Technologies in the Writing Process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}