{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T04:48:40Z","timestamp":1781585320922,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,1]],"date-time":"2006-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143849600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Seismol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,21]],"date-time":"2006-04-21T10:54:35Z","timestamp":1145616875000},"page":"225-236","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":541,"title":["Empirical Global Relations Converting M S and m b to Moment Magnitude"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"E. M.","family":"Scordilis","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9012_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/0031-9201(81)90088-1","volume":"27","author":"K. Abe","year":"1981","unstructured":"Abe, K., 1981, Magnitudes of large shallow earthquakes from 1904 to 1980, Phys. Earth Planet. Int. 27, 72\u201392.","journal-title":"Phys. Earth Planet. Int."},{"key":"9012_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1364\/JOSA.8.000817","volume":"8","author":"J.A. Anderson","year":"1924","unstructured":"Anderson, J.A. and Wood, H.O., 1924, A torsion seismometer, J. Opt. Soc. Am. Rev. Sci. Inst. 8, 817\u2013822.","journal-title":"J. Opt. Soc. Am. Rev. Sci. Inst."},{"key":"9012_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0150020100","volume":"15","author":"J.A. Anderson","year":"1925","unstructured":"Anderson, J.A. and Wood, H.O., 1925, Description and theory of the torsion seismometer, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 15, 1\u201372.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(85)90121-0","volume":"118","author":"L. Christoskov","year":"1985","unstructured":"Christoskov, L., Kondorskaya, N.V. and Vanek, J., 1985, Magnitude calibrating functions for a multidimensional homogeneous system of reference stations, Tectonophysics 118, 213\u2013226.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"issue":"2","key":"9012_CR5","first-page":"825","volume":"86","author":"A.M. Dziewonski","year":"1981","unstructured":"Dziewonski, A.M., Chou, T.A. and Woodhouse, J.H., 1981, Determination of earthquake source parameters from waveform data for studies of global and regional seismicity, J. Geophys. Res. 86(2), 825\u2013852.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"9012_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1984.tb02228.x","volume":"77","author":"D. Giardini","year":"1984","unstructured":"Giardini, D., 1984, Systematic analysis of deep seismicity \u2013 200 centroid-moment tensor solutions for earthquakes between 1977 and 1980, J.R. Geoph. Astr. Soc. 77, 883\u2013914.","journal-title":"J.R. Geoph. Astr. Soc."},{"issue":"4","key":"9012_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1023\/B:JOSE.0000005715.87363.13","volume":"7","author":"G. Gr\u00fcnthal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gr\u00fcnthal, G. and Wahlstr\u00f6m, R., 2003, An M W based earthquake catalogue for central, northern and northwestern Europe using a hierarchy of magnitude conversions, J. Seismol. 7(4), 507\u2013531.","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"9012_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0350010003","volume":"35","author":"B. Gutenberg","year":"1945a","unstructured":"Gutenberg, B., 1945a, Amplitudes of surface waves and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 35, 3\u201312.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0350020057","volume":"35","author":"B. Gutenberg","year":"1945b","unstructured":"Gutenberg, B., 1945b, Amplitude of P, PP, and S and magnitudes of shallow earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 35, 57\u201369.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0350030117","volume":"35","author":"B. Gutenberg","year":"1945c","unstructured":"Gutenberg, B., 1945c, Magnitude determination for deep-focus earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 35, 117\u2013130.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR11","first-page":"1","volume":"9","author":"B. Gutenberg","year":"1956","unstructured":"Gutenberg, B. and Richter, C.F., 1956, Magnitude and energy of earthquakes, Ann. Geofis. 9, 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Ann. Geofis."},{"key":"9012_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2348","DOI":"10.1029\/JB084iB05p02348","volume":"84","author":"T. Hanks","year":"1979","unstructured":"Hanks, T. and Kanamori, H., 1979, A moment magnitude scale, J. Geophys. Res. 84, 2348\u20132350.","journal-title":"J. Geophys. Res."},{"key":"9012_CR13","unstructured":"Harvard Seismology (HRVD), 2004, CMT catalogue, http:\/\/www.seismology.harvard.edu\/CMTsearch.html"},{"key":"9012_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01904051","volume":"8","author":"T. Heaton","year":"1986","unstructured":"Heaton, T., Tajima, F. and Mori, A., 1986, Estimating ground motions using recorded accelerograms, Surv. Geophys. 8, 25\u201383.","journal-title":"Surv. Geophys."},{"key":"9012_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1881","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0830061881","volume":"83","author":"M. Herak","year":"1993","unstructured":"Herak, M. and Herak, D., 1993, Distance dependence of M S and calibrating function for 20-second Rayleigh waves, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 83, 1881\u20131892.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR16","unstructured":"International Seismological Centre (ISC), 2004, On-line {Bulletin}, Internat. Seis. Cent., Thatcham, United Kingdom, http:\/\/www.isc.ac.uk\/Bull ."},{"key":"9012_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-246X.1996.tb07028.x","volume":"124","author":"A. C. Johnston","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johnston, A. C., 1996, Seismic moment assessment of earthquakes in stable continental regions \u2013 I. Instrumental seismicity, Geophys. J. Int. 124, 381\u2013414.","journal-title":"Geophys. J. Int."},{"key":"9012_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1029\/JB082i020p02981","volume":"82","author":"H. Kanamori","year":"1977","unstructured":"Kanamori, H., 1977, The energy release in great earthquakes, J. {Geophys.} Res. 82, 2981\u20132987.","journal-title":"J. {Geophys.} Res."},{"key":"9012_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(83)90273-1","volume":"93","author":"H. Kanamori","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kanamori, H., 1983, Magnitude scale and quantification of earthquakes, Tectonophysics 93, 185\u2013199.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"9012_CR20","unstructured":"Karnik, V., 1968, Seismicity of the European area, Part 1, { Academia Prague and Reidel Dordrecht}."},{"key":"9012_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karnik, V., 1971, Seismicity of the European area, Part 2, { Academia Prague and Reidel Dordrecht}.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-010-3078-6"},{"key":"9012_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Karnik, V., 1973, Magnitude differences, Pure Appl. Geophys. 103(II) 362\u2013369.","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00876413"},{"key":"9012_CR23","unstructured":"Karnik, V., 1996, Seismicity of Europe and the Mediterranean. In: Klima, K. (ed.), Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Geophysical Institute, 28 pp. plus earthquake catalogue."},{"key":"9012_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(89)90210-2","volume":"166","author":"W.-Y. Kim","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kim, W.-Y., Wahlstr\u00f6m, R. and Uski, M., 1989, Regional spectral scaling relations of source parameters for earthquakes in the Baltic Shield, Tectonophysics 166, 151\u2013161.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"9012_CR25","unstructured":"Kiratzi, A.A., 1984, Magnitude scales for earthquakes in the broader Aegean area, Ph.D. Thesis, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 189 pp."},{"key":"9012_CR26","first-page":"969","volume":"74","author":"A.A. Kiratzi","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kiratzi, A.A. and Papazachos, B.C., 1984, Magnitude scales for earthquakes in Greece, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 74, 969\u2013985.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00877047","volume":"123","author":"A.A. Kiratzi","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kiratzi, A.A., Karakaisis, G.F., Papadimitriou, E.E. and Papazachos, B.C., 1985, Seismic source-parameter relations for earthquakes in Greece, Pure Appl. Geophys. 123, 27\u201341.","journal-title":"Pure Appl. Geophys."},{"key":"9012_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0890020442","volume":"89","author":"B.N. Margaris","year":"1999","unstructured":"Margaris, B.N. and Papazachos, C.B., 1999, Moment-magnitude relations based on strong-motion records in Greece, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 89, 442\u2013455.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR29","unstructured":"Murphy, J.R., Stevens, J.L., Bennett, T.J., Barker, B.W. and {Marshall,} M.E., 2001, Development of improved seismic magnitude measures for use at the International Data Center, Final technical report, 135pp."},{"key":"9012_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1746","DOI":"10.1785\/0120020084","volume":"93","author":"J.R. Murphy","year":"2003","unstructured":"Murphy, J.R. and Barker, B.W., 2003, Revised distance and depth corrections for use in the estimation of short-period P-wave magnitudes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 93, 1746\u20131764.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR31","unstructured":"National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC), 2004, On-line {Bulletin,} USGS\/NEIC (PDE) 1973 \u2013 Present, http:\/\/neic.usgs.gov\/."},{"key":"9012_CR32","first-page":"519","volume":"73","author":"O.W. Nuttli","year":"1983","unstructured":"Nuttli, O.W., 1983, Average seismic source parameter relations for mid-plate earthquakes, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 73, 519\u2013535.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(85)90118-0","volume":"118","author":"O.W. Nuttli","year":"1985","unstructured":"Nuttli, O.W., 1985, Average seismic source-parameter relations for plate-margin earthquakes, Tectonophysics 118, 161\u2013174.","journal-title":"Tectonophysics"},{"key":"9012_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0650030693","volume":"65","author":"O.W. Nuttli","year":"1975","unstructured":"Nuttli, O.W. and Kim, S.G., 1975, Surface-wave magnitudes of Eurasian earthquakes and explosions, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 65, 693\u2013709.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/0040-1951(89)90203-5","volume":"166","author":"G.F. Panza","year":"1989","unstructured":"Panza, G.F., Duda, S.J., Cernobori, L. and Herak, M., 1989, Gutenberg's surface-wave magnitude calibrating function: Theoretical basis from synthetic seismograms, Tetonophysics 166, 35\u201343.","journal-title":"Tetonophysics"},{"key":"9012_CR36","unstructured":"Papanastasiou, D., 1989, Detectability and accuracy of local parameters determination by the seismographic network of the National Observatory of Athens., Ph.D. Thesis, Univ. of Athens, 225 pp."},{"key":"9012_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0870020474","volume":"87","author":"B.C. Papazachos","year":"1997","unstructured":"Papazachos, B.C., Kiratzi, A.A. and Karakostas, B.G., 1997, Toward a homogeneous moment-magnitude determination for earthquakes in Greece and surrounding area, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 87, 474\u2013483.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021214126748","volume":"6","author":"B.C. Papazachos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Papazachos, B.C., Karakostas, V.G., Kiratzi, A.A., Margaris, B.N., Papazachos, C.B. and Scordilis, E.M., 2002, Uncertainties in the estimation of earthquake magnitudes in Greece, J. Seismol. 6, 557\u2013570.","journal-title":"J. Seismol."},{"key":"9012_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patton, H.J. and Walter, W.R., 1993, Regional moment: Magnitude relations for earthquakes and explosions, Geoph. Rec. Lett. 20(4), 277\u2013280.","DOI":"10.1029\/93GL00298"},{"key":"9012_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patton, H.J. and Walter, W.R., 1994, Erratum: \u201cRegional moment: Magnitude relations for earthquakes and explosions\u201d [Geophysical Research Letters, 20, 277\u2013280 (1993)], Geoph. Rec. Lett. 21(8), 743\u2013743.","DOI":"10.1029\/93GL03159"},{"key":"9012_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Patton, H.J. and Randall, G.E., 2002, On the causes of biased estimates of seismic moment for earthquakes in central Asia, J. Geophys. Res. 107(B11), 2302.","DOI":"10.1029\/2001JB000351"},{"key":"9012_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0880010043","volume":"88","author":"M. Rezapour","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rezapour, M. and Pearce, R.G., 1998, Bias in surface-wave magnitude M S due to inadequate distance, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 88, 43\u201361.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0250010001","volume":"25","author":"C. Richter","year":"1935","unstructured":"Richter, C., 1935, An instrumental earthquake magnitude scale, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 25, 1\u201332.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR44","unstructured":"Scordilis, E., 1985, A microseismicity study of the Serbomacedonian massif and the surrounding area, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Thessaloniki, 250 pp."},{"key":"9012_CR45","first-page":"977","volume":"42","author":"K.M. Shedlock","year":"1999","unstructured":"Shedlock, K.M., 1999, Seismic hazard map of North and Central America and the Caribbean, Ann. Geofis. 42, 977\u2013997.","journal-title":"Ann. Geofis."},{"key":"9012_CR46","first-page":"191","volume":"53","author":"J.H. Thomas","year":"1978","unstructured":"Thomas, J.H., Marshall, P.D. and Douglas, E., 1978, Rayleigh-wave amplitudes from earthquakes in range 0\u2013150 degrees, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 53, 191\u2013200.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR47","first-page":"702","volume":"80","author":"R. Uhrhammer","year":"1990","unstructured":"Uhrhammer, R. and Collins, E., 1990, Synthesis of Wood Asnderson seismograms from broadband digital records, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 80, 702\u2013716.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1314","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0860051314","volume":"86","author":"R.A. Uhrhammer","year":"1996","unstructured":"Uhrhammer, R.A., Loper, S.J. and Romanowicz, B., 1996, Determination of local magnitude using BDSN broadband records, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 86, 1314\u20131330.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR49","unstructured":"United States Geological Survey \u2013 Source Parameter Database (2004), http:\/\/neic.usgs.gov\/neis\/sopar"},{"key":"9012_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1016\/S0074-6142(02)80247-9","volume":"81","author":"T. Utsu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Utsu, T., 2002, Relationships between magnitude scales, {International} Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology 81, 733\u2013746.","journal-title":"{International} Handbook of Earthquake and Engineering Seismology"},{"key":"9012_CR51","unstructured":"Vanek, J., Zatopek, A., Karnik, V., Kondorskaya, N.V., Riznichenko, Y.V., Savarensky, E.F., Soloviev, S.L. and Shebalin, N.V., 1962, Standardization of magnitude scales, Bull. Acad. Sci. USSR {Geophys.} Ser. 108\u2013111."},{"key":"9012_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1785\/BSSA0620020435","volume":"62","author":"K.F. Veith","year":"1972","unstructured":"Veith, K.F. and Clawson, G.E., 1972, Magnitude from short-period P-wave data, Bull. Seism. Soc. Am. 62, 435\u2013452.","journal-title":"Bull. Seism. Soc. Am."},{"key":"9012_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0267-7261(00)00037-3","volume":"20","author":"R. Wahlstr\u00f6m","year":"2000","unstructured":"Wahlstr\u00f6m, R. and Gr\u00fcnthal, G., 2000, Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (horizontal PGA) for Sweden, Finland and Denmark using different logic tree approaches, Soil Dyn. Earthq. Engrg. 20, 45\u201358.","journal-title":"Soil Dyn. Earthq. Engrg."},{"key":"9012_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1029\/95EO00198","volume":"76","author":"P. Wessel","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wessel, P. and Smith, W.H.F., 1995, New version of Generic Mapping Tools Released, EOS 76, 697\u2013723.","journal-title":"EOS"}],"container-title":["Journal of Seismology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,3]],"date-time":"2024-02-03T22:06:33Z","timestamp":1706997993000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}},"alternative-id":["9012"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10950-006-9012-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1383-4649","1573-157X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1383-4649","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-157X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,4]]}}}