{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T15:11:20Z","timestamp":1791385880893,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]],"date-time":"2006-07-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1153872000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Youth Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,25]],"date-time":"2006-07-25T12:22:35Z","timestamp":1153830155000},"page":"291-299","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":160,"title":["Youth Homelessness and Social Stigma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sean A.","family":"Kidd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"9100_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.3109\/16066359609005559","volume":"4","author":"EM Adlaf","year":"1996","unstructured":"Adlaf EM, Zdanowicz YM, Smart RG (1996) Alcohol and other drug use among street-involved youth in Toronto. Addict Res 4:11\u201324","journal-title":"Addict Res"},{"key":"9100_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291701003300","volume":"31","author":"A Aish","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aish A, Wasserman D (2001) Does Beck\u2019s Hopelessness Scale really measure several components? Psychol Med 31:367\u2013372","journal-title":"Psychol Med"},{"key":"9100_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03404076","volume":"89","author":"M Antoniades","year":"1998","unstructured":"Antoniades M, Tarasuk V (1998) A survey of food problems experienced by Toronto street youth. Can J Public Health 89:371\u2013375","journal-title":"Can J Public Health"},{"key":"9100_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1037\/h0037562","volume":"42","author":"AT Beck","year":"1974","unstructured":"Beck AT, Weissman A, Lester D, Trexler L (1974) The measurement of pessimism: The hopelessness scale. J Consult Clin Psychol 42:861\u2013865","journal-title":"J Consult Clin Psychol"},{"key":"9100_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.10011","volume":"24","author":"BE Berger","year":"2001","unstructured":"Berger BE, Ferrans CE, Lashley FR (2001) Measuring stigma in people with HIV: Psychometric assessment of the HIV stigma scale. Res Nursing Health 24:518\u2013529","journal-title":"Res Nursing Health"},{"key":"9100_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1177\/104973200129118228","volume":"10","author":"KM Boydell","year":"2000","unstructured":"Boydell KM, Goering P, Morrell-Bellai TL (2000) Narratives of identity: Re- presentation of self in people who are homeless. Qualit Health Res 10:26\u201338","journal-title":"Qualit Health Res"},{"key":"9100_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3138\/9781442676930","volume-title":"Making work, making trouble: Prostitution as a social problem","author":"D Brock","year":"1998","unstructured":"Brock D (1998) Making work, making trouble: Prostitution as a social problem. University of Toronto Press, Toronto, ON, Canada"},{"key":"9100_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"890","DOI":"10.1097\/00004583-199707000-00010","volume":"36","author":"JC Buckner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Buckner JC, Bassuk EL (1997) Mental disorders and service utilization among youths from homeless and low-income household families. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 36:890\u2013900","journal-title":"J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry"},{"key":"9100_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/106342660000800403","volume":"8","author":"AM Cauce","year":"2000","unstructured":"Cauce AM, Paradise M, Ginzler JA, Embry L, Morgan C, Lohr Y, Theofolis J (2000) The characteristics and mental health of homeless adolescents: Age and gender differences. J Emot Behav Disord 8:230\u2013239","journal-title":"J Emot Behav Disord"},{"key":"9100_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.92.5.773","volume":"92","author":"BN Cochran","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cochran BN, Stewart AJ, Ginzler JA, Cauce AM (2002) Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts. Am J Public Health 92:773\u2013777","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"9100_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(96)00019-1","volume":"20","author":"P Coffey","year":"1996","unstructured":"Coffey P, Leitenberg H, Hennig K, Turner T, Bennett RT (1996) Mediators of the long-term impact of child sexual abuse: Perceived stigma, betrayal, powerlessness, and self- blame. Child Abuse Neglect 20:447\u2013455","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"9100_CR12","first-page":"151","volume-title":"Mental health, racism, and sexism","author":"JP Comer","year":"1995","unstructured":"Comer JP (1995) Racism and African American adolescent development. In: Willie CV, Rieker PP, Kramer BM, Brown BS (eds) Mental health, racism, and sexism. University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA, pp. 151\u2013170"},{"key":"9100_CR13","first-page":"504","volume-title":"The Handbook of Social Psychology. Vol. 2","author":"J Crocker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Crocker J, Major V, Steele C (1998) Social stigma. In: Gilbert D, Fiske ST, Lindzey G (eds) The Handbook of Social Psychology. Vol. 2 (4th ed.,). McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 504\u2013553","edition":"4"},{"key":"9100_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1006\/jesp.1998.1369","volume":"35","author":"J Crocker","year":"1999","unstructured":"Crocker J (1999) Social stigma and self-esteem: Situational construction of self-worth. J Exp Soc Psychol 35:89\u2013107","journal-title":"J Exp Soc Psychol"},{"key":"9100_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.96.4.608","volume":"96","author":"J Crocker","year":"1989","unstructured":"Crocker J, Major B (1989) Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma. Psychol Rev 96:608\u2013630","journal-title":"Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9100_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00754409","volume":"29","author":"M Dadds","year":"1993","unstructured":"Dadds M, Braddock D, Cuers S, Elliott A, Kelly A (1993) Personal and family distress in homeless adolescents. Commun Ment Health J 29:413\u2013422","journal-title":"Commun Ment Health J"},{"key":"9100_CR17","first-page":"155","volume":"43","author":"B Feitel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Feitel B, Margetson N, Chamas J, Lipman C (1992) Psychosocial background and behavioral and emotional disorders of homeless and runaway youth. Hospital Commun Psychiatry 43:155\u2013159","journal-title":"Hospital Commun Psychiatry"},{"key":"9100_CR18","volume-title":"Factor Analysis","author":"RL Gorsuch","year":"1983","unstructured":"Gorsuch RL (1983) Factor Analysis (2nd ed.) Lawrence Erlbaum, Hillsdale, N.J.","edition":"2"},{"key":"9100_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.3109\/10826089609072286","volume":"31","author":"JM Greene","year":"1996","unstructured":"Greene JM, Ringwalt CL (1996) Youth and familial substance use\u2019s association with suicide attempts among runaway and homeless youth. Subst Use Misuse 31:1041\u20131058","journal-title":"Subst Use Misuse"},{"key":"9100_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.89.9.1406","volume":"89","author":"JM Greene","year":"1999","unstructured":"Greene JM, Ennett ST, Ringwalt CL (1999) Prevalence and correlates of survival sex among runaway and homeless youth. Am J Public Health 89:1406\u20131409","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"9100_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511625497","volume-title":"Mean streets: youth crime and homelessness","author":"J Hagan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hagan J, McCarthy B (1997) Mean streets: youth crime and homelessness. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK"},{"key":"9100_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.113.1.164","volume":"113","author":"KA Kendall-Tackett","year":"1993","unstructured":"Kendall-Tackett KA, Williams LM, Finkelhor D (1993) Impact of sexual abuse on children: A review and synthesis of recent empirical studies. Psychol Bull 113:164\u2013180","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"issue":"4","key":"9100_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1024552808179","volume":"20","author":"SA Kidd","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kidd SA (2003) Street youth: coping and interventions. Child Adol Social Work J 20(4):235\u2013261","journal-title":"Child Adol Social Work J"},{"key":"9100_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X03261435","volume":"36","author":"SA Kidd","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kidd SA (2004) \u201cThe walls were closing in and we were trapped\u201d: A qualitative analysis of street youth suicide. Youth Soc 36:30\u201355","journal-title":"Youth Soc"},{"key":"9100_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kidd SA (2006) Factors precipitating suicidality among homeless youth: A quantitative follow-up. Youth and Society 37:393\u2013422","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118X05282763"},{"key":"9100_CR26","first-page":"411","volume":"37","author":"SA Kidd","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kidd SA, Kral MJ (2002) Street youth suicide and prostitution: A qualitative analysis. Adolescence 37:411\u2013430","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"9100_CR27","first-page":"655","volume":"32","author":"MD Kipke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kipke MD, Unger JB, O\u2019Connor S, Palmer RF, LaFrance SR (1997) Street youth, their peer group affiliation and differences according to residential status, subsistence patterns, and use of services. Adolescence 32:655\u2013669","journal-title":"Adolescence"},{"key":"9100_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-0070(91)90080-6","volume":"12","author":"G Kruks","year":"1991","unstructured":"Kruks G (1991) Gay and lesbian homeless\/street youth: Special issues and concerns. J Adolesc Health 12:515\u2013518","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"9100_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1177\/089124199129023451","volume":"28","author":"SE Lankenau","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lankenau SE (1999) Stronger than dirt: Public humiliation and status enhancement among panhandlers. J Contemp Ethnogr 28:288\u2013318","journal-title":"J Contemp Ethnogr"},{"key":"9100_CR30","volume-title":"Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities","author":"BJR Leadbeater","year":"1996","unstructured":"Leadbeater BJR, Way N (1996) Urban girls: Resisting stereotypes, creating identities. New York University Press, New York"},{"key":"9100_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1021144511957","volume":"6","author":"SL Lee","year":"2002","unstructured":"Lee SL, Kochman A, Sikkema KJ (2002) Internalized stigma among people living with HIV-AIDS. AIDS Behav 6:309\u2013319","journal-title":"AIDS Behav"},{"key":"9100_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.2466\/pr0.2001.89.3.495","volume":"89","author":"D Lester","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lester D (2001) An inventory to measure helplessness, hopelessness, and haplessness. Psychol Rep 89:495\u2013498","journal-title":"Psychol Rep"},{"key":"9100_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00056.x","volume":"3","author":"PM Lewinsohn","year":"1996","unstructured":"Lewinsohn PM, Rohde P, Seeley JR (1996) Adolescent suicidal ideation and attempts: Prevalence, risk factors, and clinical implications. Clin Psychol Sci Pract 3:25\u201346","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Sci Pract"},{"key":"9100_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1520-6629(199903)27:2<179::AID-JCOP5>3.0.CO;2-S","volume":"27","author":"MG Maclean","year":"1999","unstructured":"Maclean MG, Embry LE, Cauce AM (1999) Homeless adolescents\u2019 paths to separation from family: Comparison of family characteristics, psychological adjustment, and victimization. J Commun Psychol 27:179\u2013187","journal-title":"J Commun Psychol"},{"key":"9100_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.129.5.674","volume":"129","author":"IH Meyer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Meyer IH (2003) Prejudice, social stress, and mental health in lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations: Conceptual issues and research evidence. Psychol Bull 129:674\u2013697","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"9100_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(97)00137-3","volume":"22","author":"BE Molnar","year":"1998","unstructured":"Molnar BE, Shade SB, Kral AH, Booth RE, Watters JK (1998) Suicidal behavior and sexual\/physical abuse among street youth. Child Abuse Neglect 22:213\u2013222","journal-title":"Child Abuse Neglect"},{"key":"9100_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-139X(01)00205-1","volume":"29","author":"JW Noell","year":"2001","unstructured":"Noell JW, Ochs LM (2001) Relationship of sexual orientation to substance use, suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and other factors in a population of homeless adolescents. J Adolesc Health 29:31\u201336","journal-title":"J Adolesc Health"},{"key":"9100_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1080\/1367626042000315194","volume":"7","author":"B O\u2019Grady","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019Grady B, Gaetz S (2004) Homelessness, gender and subsistence: The case of Toronto street youth. J Youth Stud 7:397\u2013416","journal-title":"J Youth Stud"},{"key":"9100_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/2787093","volume":"60","author":"J Phelan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Phelan J, Link BG, Moore RE, Stueve A (1997) The stigma of homelessness: The impact of the label \u201chomeless\u201d on attitudes towards poor persons. Soc Psychol Quart 60:323\u2013337","journal-title":"Soc Psychol Quart"},{"key":"9100_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.76.1.114","volume":"76","author":"EC Pinel","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pinel EC (1999) Stigma consciousness: The psychological legacy of social stereotypes. J Pers Soci Psychol 76:114\u2013128","journal-title":"J Pers Soci Psychol"},{"key":"9100_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(97)00007-X","volume":"17","author":"M Radkowsky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Radkowsky M, Siegel LJ (1997) The gay adolescent: Stressors, adaptations, and psychosocial interventions. Clin Psychol Rev 17:191\u2013216","journal-title":"Clin Psychol Rev"},{"key":"9100_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1006\/jado.1998.0150","volume":"21","author":"CL Ringwalt","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ringwalt CL, Greene JM, Robertson MJ (1998) Familial backgrounds and risk behaviors of youth with throwaway experiences. J Adol 21:241\u2013252","journal-title":"J Adol"},{"key":"9100_CR43","volume-title":"Society and the Adolescent Self-Image","author":"M Rosenberg","year":"1989","unstructured":"Rosenberg M (1989) Society and the Adolescent Self-Image. Wesleyan University Press, Middletown"},{"key":"9100_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.1.103","volume":"150","author":"MJ Rotheram-Borus","year":"1993","unstructured":"Rotheram-Borus MJ (1993) Suicidal behavior and risk factors among runaway youths. Am J Psychiatry 150:103\u2013107","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9100_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.292.5.569","volume":"292","author":"E Roy","year":"2004","unstructured":"Roy E, Haley N, Leclerc P, Sochanski B, Boudreau J, Boivin J (2004) Mortality in a cohort of street youth in Montreal. J Am Med Assoc 292:569\u2013574","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc"},{"key":"9100_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327752jpa6601_2","volume":"66","author":"DW Russell","year":"1996","unstructured":"Russell DW (1996) UCLA Loneliness Scale (Version 3): Reliability, validity, and factor structure. J Pers Assess 66:20\u201340","journal-title":"J Pers Assess"},{"key":"9100_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)60868-9","volume":"352","author":"M Shaw","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shaw M, Dorling D (1998) Mortality among street youth in the UK. Lancet 352:743","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9100_CR48","volume-title":"Blaming Children: Youth Crime, Moral Panics and the Politics of Hate","author":"B Schissel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Schissel B (1997) Blaming Children: Youth Crime, Moral Panics and the Politics of Hate. Fernwood, Halifax, NS"},{"key":"9100_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1177\/019251391012003007","volume":"12","author":"RL Simons","year":"1991","unstructured":"Simons RL, Whitbeck LB (1991) Sexual abuse as a precursor to prostitution and victimization among adolescent and adult homeless women. J Fam Issues 12:361\u2013379","journal-title":"J Fam Issues"},{"key":"9100_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/0145-2134(91)90039-G","volume":"15","author":"SS Tomlin","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tomlin SS (1991) Stigma and incest survivors. Child Abuse Negl 15:557\u2013566","journal-title":"Child Abuse Negl"},{"key":"9100_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.121.2.246","volume":"121","author":"BM Wagner","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wagner BM (1997) Family risk factors for child and adolescent suicidal behavior. Psychol Bull 121:246\u2013298","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"9100_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"721","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8624.00181","volume":"71","author":"LB Whitbeck","year":"2000","unstructured":"Whitbeck LB, Hoyt DR, Bao W (2000) Depressive symptoms and co-occurring depressive symptoms, substance abuse, and conduct problems among runaway and homeless adolescents. Child Dev 71:721\u2013732","journal-title":"Child Dev"},{"key":"9100_CR53","first-page":"25","volume":"29","author":"KA Yoder","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yoder KA (1999) Comparing suicide attempters, suicide ideators, and nonsuicidal homeless and runaway adolescents. Suicide Life Threatening Behav 29:25\u201336","journal-title":"Suicide Life Threatening Behav"}],"container-title":["Journal of Youth and Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,17]],"date-time":"2020-04-17T08:54:51Z","timestamp":1587113691000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,22]]}},"alternative-id":["9100"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-006-9100-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2891","1573-6601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2891","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,26]]}}}