{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T10:59:54Z","timestamp":1766401194656},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1591056000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Youth Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]],"date-time":"2020-06-02T18:04:47Z","timestamp":1591121087000},"page":"1617-1630","update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Bidirectional Associations between Youth Adjustment and Mothers\u2019 and Fathers\u2019 Coparenting Conflict"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"49","author":[{"given":"Elizabeth M.","family":"Riina","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jin-kyung","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark E.","family":"Feinberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1262_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/01.NNR.0000313502.92227.87","volume":"57","author":"LS Anderson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Anderson, L. S. (2008). Predictors of parenting stress in a diverse sample of parents of early adolescents in high-risk communities. Nursing Research, 57, 340.","journal-title":"Nursing Research"},{"issue":"4","key":"1262_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.21.4.645","volume":"21","author":"ME Baril","year":"2007","unstructured":"Baril, M. E., Crouter, A. C., & McHale, S. M. (2007). Processes linking adolescent well-being, marital love, and coparenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 21(4), 645\u2013654.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"issue":"2","key":"1262_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1037\/h0025583","volume":"75","author":"RQ Bell","year":"1968","unstructured":"Bell, R. Q. (1968). A reinterpretation of the direction of effects in studies of socialization. Psychological Review, 75(2), 81\u201395.","journal-title":"Psychological Review"},{"key":"1262_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238","volume":"107","author":"PM Bentler","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bentler, P. M. (1990). Comparative fit indexes in structural models. Psychological Bulletin, 107, 238\u2013246.","journal-title":"Psychological Bulletin"},{"key":"1262_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1080\/03004430903415015","volume":"180","author":"GL Brown","year":"2010","unstructured":"Brown, G. L., Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & Neff, C. (2010). Observed and reported supportive coparenting as predictors of infant\u2013mother and infant\u2013father attachment security. Early Child Development and Care, 180, 121\u2013137.","journal-title":"Early Child Development and Care"},{"key":"1262_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1037\/h0046900","volume":"21","author":"AH Buss","year":"1957","unstructured":"Buss, A. H., & Durkee, A. (1957). An inventory for assessing different kinds of hostility. Journal of Consulting Psychology, 21, 343\u2013349.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2012.08.002","volume":"51","author":"JA Clauss","year":"2012","unstructured":"Clauss, J. A., & Blackford, J. U. (2012). Behavioral inhibition and risk for developing social anxiety disorder: a meta-analytic study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51, 1066\u20131075.","journal-title":"Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry"},{"key":"1262_CR5","unstructured":"Conger, R. D. (1989). Iowa youth and families project, Wave A. Report prepared for Iowa State University. Ames, IA: Institute for Social and Behavioral Research."},{"key":"1262_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.01259","volume":"12","author":"MJ Cox","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cox, M. J., & Paley, B. (2003). Understanding families as systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 193\u2013196.","journal-title":"Current Directions in Psychological Science"},{"key":"1262_CR7","unstructured":"Crouter, A. C., & Head, M. R. (2002). Parental monitoring and knowledge of children. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Being and becoming a parent (pp. 461\u2013483). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"key":"1262_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1544","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.43.6.1544","volume":"43","author":"M Cui","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cui, M., Donnellan, M. B., & Conger, R. D. (2007). Reciprocal influences between parents' marital problems and adolescent internalizing and externalizing behavior. Developmental Psychology, 43, 1544\u20131552.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1761","DOI":"10.1037\/a0016426","volume":"45","author":"PT Davies","year":"2009","unstructured":"Davies, P. T., Sturge-Apple, M. L., Woitach, M. J., & Cummings, E. M. (2009). A process analysis of the transmission of distress from interparental conflict to parenting: adult relationship security as an explanatory mechanism. Developmental Psychology, 45, 1761\u20131773.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR58","unstructured":"Elliott, D. (1985). National Youth Survey: Wave I, 1976. Ann Arbor, MI: Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research."},{"key":"1262_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0803_5","volume":"8","author":"CK Enders","year":"2001","unstructured":"Enders, C. K., & Bandalos, D. L. (2001). The relative performance of full information maximum likelihood estimation for missing data in structural equation models. Structural Equation Modeling, 8, 430\u2013457.","journal-title":"Structural Equation Modeling"},{"key":"1262_CR12","first-page":"385","volume":"31","author":"BI Fagot","year":"1985","unstructured":"Fagot, B. I., Kronsberg, S., & MacGregor, D. (1985). Adult responses to young children in risky situations. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 31, 385\u2013395.","journal-title":"Merrill-Palmer Quarterly"},{"key":"1262_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1207\/S15327922PAR0302_01","volume":"3","author":"ME Feinberg","year":"2003","unstructured":"Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: a framework for research and intervention. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3, 95\u2013131.","journal-title":"Parenting: Science and Practice"},{"key":"1262_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2012.638870","volume":"12","author":"ME Feinberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Feinberg, M. E., Brown, L. D., & Kan, M. L. (2012). A multi-domain self-report measure of coparenting. Parenting, 12, 1\u201321.","journal-title":"Parenting"},{"key":"1262_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3737.2007.00400.x","volume":"69","author":"ME Feinberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Feinberg, M. E., Kan, M. L., & Hetherington, E. M. (2007). The longitudinal influence of coparenting conflict on parental negativity and adolescent maladjustment. Journal of Marriage and Family, 69, 687\u2013702.","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"1262_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-9507.2004.00272.x","volume":"13","author":"GT Harold","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harold, G. T., Shelton, K. H., Goeke-Morey, M. C., & Cummings, E. M. (2004). Marital conflict, child emotional security about family relationships, and child adjustment. Social Development, 13, 350\u2013376.","journal-title":"Social Development"},{"key":"1262_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-8624.2005.00827.x","volume":"76","author":"J Jenkins","year":"2005","unstructured":"Jenkins, J., Simpson, A., Dunn, J., Rasbash, J., & O'Connor, T. G. (2005). Mutual influence of marital conflict and children\u2019s behavior problems: Shared and nonshared family risks. Child Development, 76, 24\u201339.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"1262_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/S0005-7894(03)80016-3","volume":"34","author":"DJ Jones","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jones, D. J., Shaffer, A., Forehand, R., Brody, G., & Armistead, L. P. (2003). Coparent conflict in single mother-headed African American families: do parenting skills serve as a mediator or moderator of child psychosocial adjustment? Behavior Therapy, 34, 259\u2013272.","journal-title":"Behavior Therapy"},{"key":"1262_CR20","first-page":"313","volume-title":"SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods","author":"MW Kearney","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kearney, M. W. (2017). Cross-lagged panel analysis. In M. Allen (Ed.), SAGE encyclopedia of communication research methods (pp. 313\u2013314). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE."},{"key":"1262_CR21","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"RB Kline","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. New York, NY: Guilford."},{"key":"1262_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022684520514","volume":"26","author":"AM LaGreca","year":"1998","unstructured":"LaGreca, A. M., & Lopez, N. (1998). Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 26, 83\u201394.","journal-title":"Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1741-3729.2005.00322.x","volume":"54","author":"EW Lindsey","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindsey, E. W., Caldera, Y., & Colwell, M. (2005). Correlates of coparenting during infancy. Family Relations, 54, 346\u2013359.","journal-title":"Family Relations"},{"key":"1262_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2015.11.024","volume":"90","author":"AK Littlefield","year":"2016","unstructured":"Littlefield, A. K., Stevens, A. K., Ellingson, J. M., King, K. M., & Jackson, K. M. (2016). Changes in negative urgency, positive urgency, and sensation seeking across adolescence. Personality and Individual Differences, 90, 332\u2013337.","journal-title":"Personality and Individual Differences"},{"key":"1262_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sbspro.2010.07.185","volume":"5","author":"J Lubenko","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lubenko, J., & Sebre, S. (2010). Longitudinal associations between adolescent behaviour problems and perceived family relationships. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 5, 785\u2013790.","journal-title":"Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences"},{"key":"1262_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-011-0103-6","volume":"15","author":"M Majdand\u017ei\u0107","year":"2012","unstructured":"Majdand\u017ei\u0107, M., de Vente, W., Feinberg, M. E., Aktar, E., & B\u00f6gels, S. M. (2012). Bidirectional associations between coparenting relations and family member anxiety: A review and conceptual model. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 15, 28\u201342.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"key":"1262_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000668","volume":"27","author":"K Marceau","year":"2015","unstructured":"Marceau, K., Zahn-Waxler, C., Shirtcliff, E. A., Schreiber, J. E., Hastings, P., & Klimes-Dougan, B. (2015). Adolescents\u2019, mothers\u2019, and fathers\u2019 gendered coping strategies during conflict: youth and parent influences on conflict resolution and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 1025\u20131044.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1262_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.15.1.3","volume":"15","author":"G Margolin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Margolin, G., Gordis, E. B., & John, R. S. (2001). Coparenting: a link between marital conflict and parenting in two-parent families. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 3\u201321.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"985","DOI":"10.1037\/0012-1649.31.6.985","volume":"31","author":"JP McHale","year":"1995","unstructured":"McHale, J. P. (1995). Coparenting and triadic interactions during infancy: the roles of marital distress and child gender. Developmental Psychology, 31, 985\u2013996.","journal-title":"Developmental Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1037\/1082-989X.1.2.130","volume":"1","author":"RC MacCallum","year":"1996","unstructured":"MacCallum, R. C., Browne, M. W., & Sugawara, H. M. (1996). Power analysis and determination of sample size for covariance structure modeling. Psychological Methods, 1, 130\u2013149.","journal-title":"Psychological Methods"},{"key":"1262_CR29","unstructured":"McMahon, R. J., & Metzler, C. W. (1998). Selecting parenting measures for assessing family-based prevention interventions. In R. S. Ashery, E. B. Robertson, & K. L. Kumpfer (Eds.), Drug abuse prevention through family interventions, (NIDA Research Monograph No. 177, pp. 294\u2013323). Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse."},{"key":"1262_CR30","unstructured":"Parke, R. D. (2002). Fathers and families. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Being and becoming a parent (pp. 27\u201373). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"key":"1262_CR31","unstructured":"Raudenbush, S. W., & Bryk, A. S. (2002). Hierarchical linear models: Applications and data analysis methods (Vol. 1). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"1262_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000426","volume":"32","author":"EM Riina","year":"2018","unstructured":"Riina, E. M., & Feinberg, M. E. (2018). The trajectory of coparenting relationship quality across early adolescence: family, community, and parent gender influences. Journal of Family Psychology, 32, 599\u2013609.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1037\/a0030055","volume":"26","author":"EM Riina","year":"2012","unstructured":"Riina, E. M., & McHale, S. M. (2012). The trajectory of coparenting satisfaction in African American families: the impact of sociocultural stressors and supports. Journal of Family Psychology, 26, 896\u2013905.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-013-9940-6","volume":"43","author":"EM Riina","year":"2014","unstructured":"Riina, E. M., & McHale, S. M. (2014). Bidirectional influences between dimensions of coparenting and adolescent adjustment. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43, 257\u2013269.","journal-title":"Journal of Youth and Adolescence"},{"key":"1262_CR36","first-page":"265","volume-title":"Handbook of developmental research methods","author":"JP Selig","year":"2012","unstructured":"Selig, J. P., & Little, T. D. (2012). Autoregressive and cross-lagged panel analysis for longitudinal data. In B. Laursen & T. D. Little (Eds.), Handbook of developmental research methods (pp. 265\u2013278). New York, NY: Guilford."},{"key":"1262_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579415000632","volume":"27","author":"LA Serbin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Serbin, L. A., Kingdon, D., Ruttle, P. L., & Stack, D. M. (2015). The impact of children\u2019s internalizing and externalizing problems on parenting: transactional processes and reciprocal change over time. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 969\u2013986.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"1262_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1002\/cd.126","volume":"2005","author":"J Smetana","year":"2005","unstructured":"Smetana, J., Crean, H. F., & Campione-Barr, N. (2005). Adolescents\u2019 and parents\u2019 changing conceptions of parental authority. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2005, 31\u201346.","journal-title":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development"},{"key":"1262_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.infbeh.2011.07.006","volume":"34","author":"AR Solmeyer","year":"2011","unstructured":"Solmeyer, A. R., & Feinberg, M. E. (2011). Mother and father adjustment during early parenthood: the roles of infant temperament and coparenting relationship quality. Infant Behavior and Development, 34, 504\u2013514.","journal-title":"Infant Behavior and Development"},{"key":"1262_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PREV.0000013979.52796.8b","volume":"5","author":"R Spoth","year":"2004","unstructured":"Spoth, R., Greenberg, M., Bierman, K., & Redmond, C. (2004). PROSPER community\u2013university partnership model for public education systems: capacity-building for evidence-based, competence-building prevention. Prevention Science, 5, 31\u201339.","journal-title":"Prevention Science"},{"key":"1262_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.66.2.385","volume":"66","author":"R Spoth","year":"1998","unstructured":"Spoth, R., Redmond, C., & Shin (1998). Direct and indirect latent-variable parenting outcomes of two universal family-focused preventive interventions: extending a public health-oriented research base. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 66, 385.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"1262_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr2502_4","volume":"25","author":"JH Steiger","year":"1990","unstructured":"Steiger, J. H. (1990). Structural model evaluation and modification: An interval estimation approach. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 25, 173\u2013180.","journal-title":"Multivariate Behavioral Research"},{"key":"1262_CR42","unstructured":"Steinberg, L., & Silk, J. S. (2002). Parenting adolescents. In M. H. Bornstein (Ed.), Handbook of parenting: Children and parenting (pp. 103\u2013133). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers."},{"key":"1262_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1080\/15295192.2010.492040","volume":"10","author":"D Teubert","year":"2010","unstructured":"Teubert, D., & Pinquart, M. (2010). The association between coparenting and child adjustment: a meta-analysis. Parenting: Science and Practice, 10, 286\u2013307.","journal-title":"Parenting: Science and Practice"},{"key":"1262_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.1002\/imhj.20019","volume":"25","author":"LA Van Egeren","year":"2004","unstructured":"Van Egeren, L. A. (2004). The development of the coparenting relationship over the transition to parenthood. Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of the World Association for Infant Mental Health, 25, 453\u2013477.","journal-title":"Infant Mental Health Journal: Official Publication of the World Association for Infant Mental Health"},{"key":"1262_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1111\/jomf.12189","volume":"77","author":"JE Yavorsky","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yavorsky, J. E., Kamp Dush, C. M., & Schoppe-Sullivan, S. J. (2015). The production of inequality: the gender division of labor across the transition to parenthood. Journal of Marriage and Family, 77, 662\u2013679.","journal-title":"Journal of Marriage and Family"},{"key":"1262_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1037\/fam0000368","volume":"32","author":"M Zemp","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zemp, M., Johnson, M. D., & Bodenmann, G. (2018). Within-family processes: interparental and coparenting conflict and child adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 32, 299\u2013309.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"}],"container-title":["Journal of Youth and Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,2]],"date-time":"2021-06-02T00:20:43Z","timestamp":1622593243000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"references-count":50,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1262"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-020-01262-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2891","1573-6601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2891","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,6,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 April 2020","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 May 2020","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 June 2020","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Compliance with Ethical Standards"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}},{"value":"All procedures described in the study were approved by the local IRB(s).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All parent and youth study participants were provided with informed consent about the study as part of recruitment procedures.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}}]}}