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Youth Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    The COVID-19 pandemic precipitated sharp increases in adolescent emotional and behavioral difficulties, highlighting the need for effective psychosocial buffers during large-scale crises. While several protective factors have been identified, the stress-buffering role of social capital remains largely underexplored. This study investigates whether different dimensions of peri-pandemic social capital acted as stress-buffers for adolescent emotional and behavioral difficulties during the pandemic. Using four waves of nationally representative UK panel data (\n                    <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                    \u2009=\u20091,203 individuals;\n                    <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    =12.2 years; SD\n                    <jats:sub>\n                      <jats:italic>age<\/jats:italic>\n                    <\/jats:sub>\n                    =1.74; female\u2009=\u200953%; non-White\u2009=\u200921.5%), this study examined changes in adolescents\u2019 self-reported \u2018Internalizing and Externalizing Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire\u2019 scores from pre-pandemic (2017\u201318) over three time-points during the first year of the pandemic (2020\u201321). Social capital was measured across three domains: strong-tie network structure (e.g., family connectivity, close friendships), extracurricular involvement, and neighborhood social capital (adolescent perceived neighborhood safety, the social embeddedness of adolescents\u2019 parents in local networks, and community- (contextual-) level social capital). Multilevel modelling and longitudinal fixed-effects modelling reveal that adolescents with stronger peer and family networks experienced significantly smaller increases in internalizing symptoms. Meanwhile, only perceived neighborhood safety consistently buffered externalizing difficulties. Indicators of parent- and contextual-level neighborhood social capital showed minimal protective effects. Perceived social support explained much, although not all, of why peer\/family networks moderated trajectories in internalizing difficulties. However, it explained little of why neighborhood safety buffered externalizing difficulties. These findings suggest social capital can confer protection on adolescent mental health during large-scale crises but also underscore how different dimensions of social capital may be more\/less effective in safeguarding particular clusters of emotional-behavioral problems. Crisis-preparedness and youth policy should reflect this outcome conditionality to foster protection via social capital from future crises.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]],"date-time":"2025-12-04T09:18:39Z","timestamp":1764839919000},"page":"998-1020","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Adolescent Social Capital as a Source of Resilience against Emotional and Behavioural Difficulties in Times of Crisis: Longitudinal Evidence from the COVID-19 Pandemic"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"given":"James","family":"Laurence","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bill","family":"Calvey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"2295_CR1","first-page":"647","volume":"55","author":"TM Achenbach","year":"2016","unstructured":"Achenbach, T. 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Social Science & Medicine, 306, 115154.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"}],"container-title":["Journal of Youth and Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,16]],"date-time":"2026-06-16T14:59:42Z","timestamp":1781621982000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]}},"alternative-id":["2295"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-025-02295-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2891","1573-6601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2891","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 July 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"25 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The research was reviewed by the University College London ethics committee (ref.: 1837).","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Informed consent to (a) participate in the study and (b) for data to be published was attained from respondent during the data collection process by the data providers - University of Essex, Institute for Social and Economic Research (see Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study Harmonised British Household Panel Survey (BHPS) User Guide).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Informed Consent"}},{"value":"Data in the study are from Understanding Society: The UK Household Longitudinal Study, which is led by the Institute for Social and Economic Research at the University of Essex and funded by the Economic and Social Research Council [Grant Number: ES\/M008592\/1]. The datasets analyzed during the current study are publicly available in the UK Data Service repository: \u2018Understanding Society: Waves 1-14, 2009-2023 and Harmonised BHPS: Waves 1-18, 1991-2009\u2019 (10.5255\/UKDA-SN-6614-20) and \u2018Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study, 2020-2021\u2019 (10.5255\/UKDA-SN-8644-11). Restrictions apply to the data containing merged geographic identifiers which can only be accessed under more restrictive conditions: \u2018Understanding Society: Waves 1-14, 2009-2023: Special Licence Access, Census 2021 Lower Layer Super Output Areas\u2019 (10.5255\/UKDA-SN-9169-3) and \u2018Understanding Society: COVID-19 Study, 2020-2021: Special Licence Access, Census 2011 Lower Layer Super Output Areas\u2019 (10.5255\/UKDA-SN-8663-7).","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Data Sharing Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}