{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T05:16:21Z","timestamp":1788239781569,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784246400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100016386","name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIPROM\/2021\/031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIPROM\/2021\/031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100016386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100016386","name":"Conselleria de Innovaci\u00f3n, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital, Generalitat Valenciana","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CIPROM\/2021\/031"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CIPROM\/2021\/031"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/501100016386","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/100014440","name":"Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovaci\u00f3n y Universidades","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["FPU24\/00199"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["FPU24\/00199"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.13039\/100014440","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J. Youth Adolescence"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T07:36:59Z","timestamp":1784273819000},"page":"2381-2391","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Does Timing Matter? Age of First Mobile Phone Acquisition and Psychological Outcomes in Middle and Late Adolescence"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1064-9199","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mireia","family":"Orgil\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-6568-8843","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Luc\u00eda","family":"Ruiz-Soria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9030-8700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"V\u00edctor","family":"Amor\u00f3s-Reche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5248-6258","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jose P.","family":"Espada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"2389_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E136","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.190434","volume":"192","author":"E Abi-Jaoude","year":"2020","unstructured":"Abi-Jaoude, E., Naylor, K. T., & Pignatiello, A. (2020). Smartphones, social media use and youth mental health. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 192(6), E136\u2013E141. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.190434.","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"2389_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.3390\/bs15050574","volume":"15","author":"N Agyapong-Opoku","year":"2025","unstructured":"Agyapong-Opoku, N., Agyapong-Opoku, F., & Greenshaw, A. J. (2025). Effects of social media use on youth and adolescent mental health: a scoping review of reviews. Behavioral Sciences, 15(5), 574 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/bs15050574.","journal-title":"Behavioral Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"2389_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1037\/adb0000160","volume":"30","author":"CS Andreassen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/adb0000160.","journal-title":"Psychology of Addictive Behaviors"},{"issue":"40","key":"2389_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31582","DOI":"10.1007\/s12144-024-06728-5","volume":"43","author":"C Arrivillaga","year":"2024","unstructured":"Arrivillaga, C., Griffiths, M. D., Rey, L., & Extremera, N. (2024). Validation of the Spanish version of the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) among Spanish adolescents. Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues, 43(40), 31582\u201331591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12144-024-06728-5.","journal-title":"Current Psychology: A Journal for Diverse Perspectives on Diverse Psychological Issues"},{"key":"2389_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Baayen, R. H., & Linke, M. (2020). An introduction to the generalized additive model. University of T\u00fcbingen. https:\/\/quantling.org\/~hbaayen\/publications\/BaayenLinke2020.pdf.","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-46216-1_23"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2025-072941","volume":"157","author":"R Barzilay","year":"2026","unstructured":"Barzilay, R., Pimentel, S. D., Tran, K. T., Visoki, E., Pagliaccio, D., & Auerbach, R. P. (2026). Smartphone ownership, age of smartphone acquisition, and health outcomes in early adolescence. Pediatrics, 157(1), e2025072941 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2025-072941.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"2389_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-015-0054-y","volume":"2","author":"J Billieux","year":"2015","unstructured":"Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2, 156\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-015-0054-y.","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"key":"2389_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bodyim.2024.101841","volume":"52","author":"RC Bonfanti","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bonfanti, R. C., Melchiori, F., Teti, A., Albano, G., Raffard, S., Rodgers, R., & Lo Coco, G. (2025). The association between social comparison in social media, body image concerns and eating disorder symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Body Image, 52, 101841 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bodyim.2024.101841.","journal-title":"Body Image"},{"key":"2389_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.2307\/1911963","volume":"47","author":"TS Breusch","year":"1979","unstructured":"Breusch, T. S., & Pagan, A. R. (1979). A simple test for heteroscedasticity and random coefficient variation. Econometrica, 47, 1287\u20131294.","journal-title":"Econometrica"},{"key":"2389_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cebollero-Salinas, A., Orejudo, S., Cano-Escoriaza, J., & \u00cd\u00f1iguez-Berrozpe, T. (2022). cybergossip and problematic internet use in cyberaggression and cybervictimisation among adolescents. Computers in Human Behavior, 131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chb.2022.107230"},{"key":"2389_CR11","unstructured":"Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates."},{"issue":"3","key":"2389_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.08.026","volume":"70","author":"M Daly","year":"2022","unstructured":"Daly, M. (2022). Prevalence of depression among adolescents in the U.S. from 2009 to 2019: Analysis of trends by sex, race\/ethnicity, and income. Journal of Adolescent Health, 70(3), 496\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2021.08.026.","journal-title":"Journal of Adolescent Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"2389_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1080\/10438599.2018.1559786","volume":"28","author":"S Dempsey","year":"2019","unstructured":"Dempsey, S., Lyons, S., & Mccoy, S. (2019). Later is better: Mobile phone ownership and child academic development, evidence from a longitudinal study. Economics of Innovation and New Technology, 28(8), 798\u2013815. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/10438599.2018.1559786.","journal-title":"Economics of Innovation and New Technology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1080\/17482798.2020.1725902","volume":"14","author":"S Dempsey","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dempsey, S., Lyons, S., & Mccoy, S. (2020). Early mobile phone ownership: Influencing the wellbeing of girls and boys in Ireland? Journal of Children and Media, 14(4), 492\u2013509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/17482798.2020.1725902.","journal-title":"Journal of Children and Media"},{"issue":"2","key":"2389_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.12541","volume":"30","author":"SE Ehrenreich","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ehrenreich, S. E., Beron, K. J., Burnell, K., Meter, D. J., & Underwood, M. K. (2020). How adolescents use text messaging through their high school years. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 30(2), 521\u2013540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.12541.","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"2389_CR16","unstructured":"Espada, J. P., Morales, A., Piqueras, J. A., Marzo, J. C., Orgil\u00e9s, M., & Amor\u00f3s-Reche, V. (2024). Infancia, adolescencia y pantallas. H\u00e1bitos de uso y factores psicol\u00f3gicos [Childhood, adolescence and screens. Usage habits and psychological factors]. Centro de Investigaci\u00f3n de la Infancia y la Adolescencia. https:\/\/observainfancia.es\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/EmoChild_Informe2_2024.pdf"},{"key":"2389_CR17","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Pinto, I., Santamar\u00eda, P., S\u00e1nchez-S\u00e1nchez, F., Carrasco, M. A., & del Barrio, V. (2015). Sistema de Evaluaci\u00f3n de Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes (SENA): Manual de aplicaci\u00f3n, correcci\u00f3n e interpretaci\u00f3n [Assessment System for Children and Adolescents: Administration, scoring, and interpretation manual]. Hogrefe TEA Ediciones. https:\/\/hogrefe-tea.com\/public\/catalogo\/producto\/SENA-Sistema-de-Evaluacion-de-Ninos-y-Adolescentes"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.12819","volume":"89","author":"MJ George","year":"2018","unstructured":"George, M. J., Russell, M. A., Piontak, J. R., & Odgers, C. L. (2018). Concurrent and subsequent associations between daily digital technology use and high-risk adolescents\u2019 mental health symptoms. Child Development, 89(1), 78\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.12819.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"issue":"6","key":"2389_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1117","DOI":"10.1177\/0044118x231223218","volume":"56","author":"T Gerosa","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gerosa, T., Losi, L., & Gui, M. (2024). The age of the smartphone: An analysis of social predictors of children\u2019s age of access and potential consequences over time. Youth & Society, 56(6), 1117\u20131143. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0044118x231223218.","journal-title":"Youth & Society"},{"issue":"2","key":"2389_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.21134\/rpcna.2025.12.2.7","volume":"12","author":"E Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez-P\u00e9rez, E., Garc\u00eda-Barrera, A., & Mart\u00ednez-\u00c1lvarez, I. (2025). Incidencia de la tecnolog\u00eda en la violencia filio-parental: Una revisi\u00f3n sistem\u00e1tica [The incidence of technology on child to parent violence: A systematic review]. Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica con Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes, 12(2), 134\u2013143. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21134\/rpcna.2025.12.2.7","journal-title":"Revista de Psicolog\u00eda Cl\u00ednica con Ni\u00f1os y Adolescentes"},{"issue":"3","key":"2389_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1037\/pne0000366","volume":"18","author":"M Gowland","year":"2025","unstructured":"Gowland, M., Tabullo, \u00c1. J., & Chi\u00f3falo, M. F. (2025). My first smartphone: Effects of first smartphone age, frequency, and types of use on attention and problematic usage in argentine university students. Psychology & Neuroscience, 18(3), 284\u2013294. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/pne0000366.","journal-title":"Psychology & Neuroscience"},{"issue":"9","key":"2389_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e26273","DOI":"10.2196\/26273","volume":"8","author":"JL Hamilton","year":"2021","unstructured":"Hamilton, J. L., & Lee, W. (2021). Associations between social media, bedtime technology use rules, and daytime sleepiness among adolescents: Cross-sectional findings from a nationally representative sample. JMIR Mental Health, 8(9), e26273 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/26273.","journal-title":"JMIR Mental Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"2389_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1416","DOI":"10.1177\/2167702619859336","volume":"7","author":"M Jensen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jensen, M., George, M. J., Russell, M. R., & Odgers, C. L. (2019). Young adolescents\u2019 digital technology use and mental health symptoms: Little evidence of longitudinal or daily linkages. Clinical Psychological Science, 7(6), 1416\u20131433. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2167702619859336.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychological Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jora.70116","volume":"35","author":"YJ Lee","year":"2025","unstructured":"Lee, Y. J., & Won, S. (2025). Growing up with screens: Investigating gender and socioeconomic differences and social relationships in the development of problematic smartphone use. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 35(4), e70116 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jora.70116.","journal-title":"Journal of Research on Adolescence"},{"key":"2389_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.632713","volume":"12","author":"L Magis-Weinberg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Magis-Weinberg, L., Ballonoff Suleiman, A., & Dahl, R. E. (2021). Context, development, and digital media: Implications for very young adolescents in LMICs. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 632713 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2021.632713.","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1007\/s40429-021-00398-0","volume":"8","author":"C Marino","year":"2021","unstructured":"Marino, C., Canale, N., Melodia, F., Spada, M. M., & Vieno, A. (2021). The overlap between problematic smartphone use and problematic social media use: A systematic review. Current Addiction Reports, 8(4), 469\u2013480. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40429-021-00398-0.","journal-title":"Current Addiction Reports"},{"issue":"3","key":"2389_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1007\/s10567-018-0262-9","volume":"21","author":"J Nesi","year":"2018","unstructured":"Nesi, J., Choukas-Bradley, S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2018). Transformation of adolescent peer relations in the social media context: Part 2\u2014application to peer group processes and future directions for research. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 21(3), 295\u2013319. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10567-018-0262-9.","journal-title":"Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review"},{"issue":"3","key":"2389_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpp.13190","volume":"61","author":"CL Odgers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020). Annual research review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts, fears, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 336\u2013348. . https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcpp.13190","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"2389_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s40894-024-00245-z","volume":"10","author":"L Piccerillo","year":"2024","unstructured":"Piccerillo, L., & Digennaro, S. (2024). Adolescent social media use and emotional intelligence: A systematic review. Adolescent Research Review, 10(2), 201\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40894-024-00245-z.","journal-title":"Adolescent Research Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1080\/07350015.2016.1247004","volume":"36","author":"JE Pustejovsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Pustejovsky, J. E., & Tipton, E. (2018). Small-Sample Methods for Cluster-Robust Variance Estimation and Hypothesis Testing in Fixed Effects Models. Journal of Business & Economic Statistics, 36(4), 672\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07350015.2016.1247004.","journal-title":"Journal of Business & Economic Statistics"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e40704","DOI":"10.2196\/40704","volume":"5","author":"A Richter","year":"2022","unstructured":"Richter, A., Adkins, V., & Selkie, E. (2022). Youth Perspectives on the Recommended Age of Mobile Phone Adoption: Survey Study. JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting, 5(4), e40704 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/40704.","journal-title":"JMIR Pediatrics and Parenting"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0232007","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0232007","volume":"15","author":"SA Silva","year":"2020","unstructured":"Silva, S. A., Silva, S. U., Ronca, D. B., Gon\u00e7alves, V. S. S., Dutra, E. S., & Carvalho, K. M. B. (2020). Common mental disorders prevalence in adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analyses. Plos One, 15(4), e0232007 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0232007.","journal-title":"Plos One"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-019-2350-x","volume":"19","author":"SY Sohn","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sohn, S. Y., Rees, P., Wildridge, B., Kalk, N. J., & Carter, B. (2019). Prevalence of problematic smartphone usage and associated mental health outcomes amongst children and young people: A systematic review, meta-analysis and GRADE of the evidence. BMC Psychiatry, 19(1), 356 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12888-019-2350-x.","journal-title":"BMC Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7","volume":"27","author":"M Solmi","year":"2022","unstructured":"Solmi, M., Radua, J., Olivola, M., Croce, E., Soardo, L., Salazar De Pablo, G., Il Shin, J., Kirkbride, J. B., Jones, P., Kim, J. H., Kim, J. Y., Carvalho, A. F., Seeman, M. V., Correll, C. U., & Fusar-Poli, P. (2022). Age at onset of mental disorders worldwide: Large-scale meta-analysis of 192 epidemiological studies. Molecular Psychiatry, 27(1), 281\u2013295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41380-021-01161-7.","journal-title":"Molecular Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"2389_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.58674","volume":"16","author":"K Suhag","year":"2024","unstructured":"Suhag, K., & Rauniyar, S. (2024). Social media effects regarding eating disorders and body image in young adolescents. Cureus, 16(4), e58674 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.58674.","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"303","DOI":"10.1111\/cdev.13851","volume":"94","author":"X Sun","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sun, X., Haydel, K. F., Matheson, D., Desai, M., & Robinson, T. N. (2023). Are mobile phone ownership and age of acquisition associated with child adjustment? A 5-year prospective study among low-income Latinx children. Child Development, 94(1), 303\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cdev.13851.","journal-title":"Child Development"},{"key":"2389_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.10.003","volume":"12","author":"JM Twenge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, W. K. (2018). Associations between screen time and lower psychological well-being among children and adolescents: Evidence from a population-based study. Preventive Medicine Reports, 12, 271\u2013283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pmedr.2018.10.003.","journal-title":"Preventive Medicine Reports"},{"key":"2389_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.08.017","volume":"44","author":"PM Valkenburg","year":"2022","unstructured":"Valkenburg, P. M., Meier, A., & Beyens, I. (2022). Social media use and its impact on adolescent mental health: An umbrella review of the evidence. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 58\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.copsyc.2021.08.017.","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1080\/15213260709336802","volume":"9","author":"PM Valkenburg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Valkenburg, P. M., & Peter, J. (2007). Internet communication and its relation to well-being: Identifying some underlying mechanisms. Media Psychology, 9(1), 43\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15213260709336802.","journal-title":"Media Psychology"},{"key":"2389_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107944","volume":"209","author":"LF White","year":"2020","unstructured":"White, L. F., Jiang, W., Ma, Y., So-Armah, K., Samet, J. H., & Cheng, D. M. (2020). Tutorial in Biostatistics: The use of generalized additive models to evaluate alcohol consumption as an exposure variable. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 209, 107944 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2020.107944","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"1","key":"2389_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/7007025","volume":"2023","author":"X Zhang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhang, X. (2023). The impact of online socialization on adolescent mental health: The mediating role of friendship quality and family relationships. New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development, 2023(1), 7007025 https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2023\/7007025.","journal-title":"New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development"}],"container-title":["Journal of Youth and Adolescence"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T04:24:38Z","timestamp":1788236678000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"references-count":41,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["2389"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-026-02389-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["0047-2891","1573-6601"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0047-2891","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6601","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 April 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards outlined in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments, as well as with comparable ethical standards applicable to research involving human participants. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of the Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche (Reference: DPS.MOA.02.21).","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethics Approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from the parents and all participants.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent to Participate","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"During the preparation of this work, the authors used ChatGPT-5 (OpenAI) to improve the clarity, readability, and overall quality of the writing. After using this tool, the authors reviewed and edited the content as needed and take full responsibility for the content of the publication.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted Technologies in the Writing Process","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Conflict of Interest","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}}]}}