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Youth Adolescence"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Prosocial risk-taking, helping others at uncertain personal costs, has been proposed to emerge from the intersection of prosociality and risk-taking, suggesting that prosocial risk-taking is most likely to occur when adolescents are both motivated to help others and willing to engage in risk-taking. Empirical findings on its correlates have been mixed, leaving unclear whether prosocial risk-taking is best understood as a form of risk-taking, a form of prosocial behavior, or a distinct construct emerging from both. The present study examined how prosociality, risk-taking and individual differences related to social orientation are associated with prosocial risk-taking. Participants were 355 Dutch adolescents (M\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 16.04 years, SD\n                    <jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 1.11; 58% girls). Complementary variable- and person-centered approaches were used, as well as a broader model including different measures related to prosocial behavior, risk-taking and social orientation. Across approaches, indicators of prosocial orientation showed the strongest associations with prosocial risk-taking. Contrary to predictions from the theoretical model, risk-taking was negatively related to prosocial risk-taking. These findings suggest that prosocial risk-taking is better understood as a form of high-cost prosocial behavior than as a manifestation of adolescents\u2019 general risk-taking tendencies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10964-026-02418-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T10:13:06Z","timestamp":1790244786000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Understanding Individual Differences in Prosocial Risk-Taking During Adolescence The Roles of Prosociality, Risk-Taking, and Social Orientation"],"prefix":"10.1007","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6207-9525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rebecca","family":"van Rijn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7774-6984","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul A.M.","family":"van Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4074-5149","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lydia","family":"Krabbendam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8688-5959","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Barbara R.","family":"Braams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"2418_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/00223891.2010.497406","volume":"92","author":"A Aluja","year":"2010","unstructured":"Aluja, A., Kuhlman, M., & Zuckerman, M. 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