{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,27]],"date-time":"2026-03-27T10:52:18Z","timestamp":1774608738288,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"American Psychological Association (APA)","issue":"5","funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007472","name":"University of Kentucky","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["AA12735"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AA12735"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007472","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["M01RR02602"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["M01RR02602"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Law and Human Behavior"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s10979-008-9162-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,1,5]],"date-time":"2009-01-05T14:43:03Z","timestamp":1231166583000},"page":"405-418","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10979-008-9162-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Sexual harassment and posttraumatic stress disorder: Damages beyond prior abuse."],"prefix":"10.1037","volume":"33","author":[{"given":"Margaret S.","family":"Stockdale","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5984-8573","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T. K.","family":"Logan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Weston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"15","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9162_CR1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"LS Aiken","year":"1991","unstructured":"Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G. (1991). Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"9162_CR2","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual IV-TR","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual IV-TR. Washington, D.C.: Author."},{"key":"9162_CR3","first-page":"135","volume":"9","author":"CM Arata","year":"2002","unstructured":"Arata, C. M. (2002). Child sexual abuse and sexual revictimization. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 9, 135\u2013164.","journal-title":"Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice"},{"key":"9162_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1014387429057","volume":"15","author":"C Avina","year":"2002","unstructured":"Avina, C., & O\u2019Donohue, W. (2002). Sexual harassment and PTSD: Is sexual harassment diagnosable trauma? Journal of Traumatic Stress, 15, 69\u201375.","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"9162_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1132","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.151.1.18","volume":"151","author":"D Bernstein","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bernstein, D., Fink, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Wenzel, K., Sapareto, E., et al. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151, 1132\u20131136.","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychiatry"},{"key":"9162_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1177\/0002764298041008007","volume":"41","author":"D Chitwood","year":"1998","unstructured":"Chitwood, D., McBride, D., Metsch, L., Comerford, M., & McCoy, C. (1998). A comparison of the need for health care and use of health care by injection-drug users, other chronic drug users, and nondrug users. American Behavioral Scientist, 41, 1107\u20131122.","journal-title":"American Behavioral Scientist"},{"key":"9162_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.4135\/9781483327280.n11","volume-title":"Sexual harassment in the workplace: Perspectives, frontiers, and response strategies","author":"JN Cleveland","year":"1996","unstructured":"Cleveland, J. N., & McNamara, K. (1996). Understanding sexual harassment: Contributions from research on domestic violence and organizational change. In M. S. Stockdale (Ed.), Sexual harassment in the workplace: Perspectives, frontiers, and response strategies (pp. 217\u2013240). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"9162_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"695","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.20.6.695","volume":"20","author":"J Cole","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cole, J., Logan, T., & Shannon, L. (2006). Intimate sexual victimization among women with protective orders: Types and associations of physical and mental health problems. Violence and Victims, 20, 695\u2013715.","journal-title":"Violence and Victims"},{"key":"9162_CR9","first-page":"152","volume-title":"Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment","author":"BS Dansky","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dansky, B. S., & Kilpatrick, D. G. (1997). Effects of sexual harassment. In W. O\u2019Donohue (Ed.), Sexual harassment: Theory, research, and treatment (pp. 152\u2013174). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon."},{"key":"9162_CR10","volume-title":"Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring and procedures manual","author":"LR Derogatis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Derogatis, L. R. (1993). Brief Symptom Inventory: Administration, scoring and procedures manual. Minneapolis: National Computer Systems."},{"key":"9162_CR11","unstructured":"Federal Rules of Civil Procedure. (2006). Accessed August 27, 2007 at http:\/\/www.law.cornell.edu\/rules\/frcp\/ ."},{"key":"9162_CR70","first-page":"387","volume":"24","author":"S Feldman-Schorrig","year":"1996","unstructured":"Feldman-Schorrig, S. (1996). Factitious sexual harassment. Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law, 24, 387\u2013392.","journal-title":"Bulletin of the American Academy of Psychiatry Law"},{"key":"9162_CR12","first-page":"332","volume-title":"Mental and emotional injuries in employment litigation","author":"SP Feldman-Schorrig","year":"1994","unstructured":"Feldman-Schorrig, S. P. (1994). Special issues in sexual harassment cases. In J. J. McDonald Jr., & F. B. Kulick (Eds.), Mental and emotional injuries in employment litigation (pp. 332\u2013390). Washington, DC: Bureau of National Affairs."},{"issue":"1","key":"9162_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1177\/009318539202000103","volume":"20","author":"SP Feldman-Schorrig","year":"1992","unstructured":"Feldman-Schorrig, S. P., & McDonald, J. J., Jr. (1992). The role of forensic psychiatry in the defense of sexual harassment cases. Journal of Psychiatry & Law, 20(1), 5\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Psychiatry & Law"},{"key":"9162_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.48.10.1070","volume":"48","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1993","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F. (1993). Sexual harassment: Violence against women in the workplace. American Psychologist, 48, 1070\u20131076.","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"9162_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.5.3.730","volume":"5","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F., Buchanan, N. T., Collinsworth, L. L., Magley, V. J., & Ramos, A. M. (1999). Junk logic: The abuse defense in sexual harassment litigation. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 5, 730\u2013759.","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"key":"9162_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1207\/s15324834basp1704_2","volume":"17","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F., Gelfand, M. J., & Drasgow, F. (1995). Measuring sexual harassment: Theoretical and psychometric advances. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 17, 425\u2013445.","journal-title":"Basic and Applied Social Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327876mp1103_3","volume":"11","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F., Magley, V. J., Drasgow, F., & Waldo, C. R. (1999). Measuring sexual harassment in the military: The Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ\u2013DoD). Military Psychology, 11, 243\u2013263.","journal-title":"Military Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/0001-8791(88)90012-7","volume":"32","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1988","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F., Shullman, S., Bailey, N., Richards, M., Swecker, J., Gold, Y., et al. (1988). The incidence and dimensions of sexual harassment in academia and the workplace. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 32, 152\u2013175.","journal-title":"Journal of Vocational Behavior"},{"key":"9162_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01312.x","volume":"51","author":"LF Fitzgerald","year":"1995","unstructured":"Fitzgerald, L. F., Swan, S., & Fischer, K. (1995). Why didn\u2019t she just report him? The psychological and legal implications of women\u2019s responses to sexual harassment. Journal of Social Issues, 51, 117\u2013138.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"9162_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-200003000-00006","volume":"188","author":"A Fontana","year":"2000","unstructured":"Fontana, A., Litz, B., & Rosenheck, R. (2000). Impact of combat and sexual harassment on the severity of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder among men and women peacekeepers in Somalia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 188, 163\u2013169.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"key":"9162_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"658","DOI":"10.1176\/ps.49.5.658","volume":"49","author":"A Fontana","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fontana, A., & Rosenheck, R. (1998). Focus on women: Duty-related and sexual stress in the etiology of PTSD among women veterans who seek treatment. Psychiatric Services, 49, 658\u2013662.","journal-title":"Psychiatric Services"},{"key":"9162_CR22","volume-title":"Evaluating sexual harassment: Psychological, social, and legal considerations in forensic examinations","author":"WE Foote","year":"2002","unstructured":"Foote, W. E., & Goodman-Delahunty, J. (2002). Evaluating sexual harassment: Psychological, social, and legal considerations in forensic examinations. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press."},{"key":"9162_CR69","unstructured":"Gilbert v. DaimlerChrysler, 470 Mich. 749, 2004."},{"key":"9162_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.84.1.14","volume":"84","author":"TM Glomb","year":"1999","unstructured":"Glomb, T. M., Munson, L. J., Hulin, C. L., Bergman, M. E., & Drasgow, F. (1999). Structural equation models of sexual harassment: Longitudinal explorations and cross-sectional generalizations. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 14\u201328.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR68","unstructured":"Gotthardt v. National R. R. Passenger Corp (AMTRAK), 191 F.3d 1148, 1999."},{"key":"9162_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1006\/jvbe.1993.1003","volume":"42","author":"BA Gutek","year":"1993","unstructured":"Gutek, B. A., & Koss, M. P. (1993). Changed women and changed organizations: Consequences of and coping with sexual harassment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 42, 28\u201348.","journal-title":"Journal of Vocational Behavior"},{"key":"9162_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LAHU.0000039335.96042.26","volume":"28","author":"BA Gutek","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gutek, B. A., Murphy, R. O., & Douma, B. (2004). A review and critique of the Sexual Experiences Questionnaire (SEQ). Law and Human Behavior, 28, 457\u2013482.","journal-title":"Law and Human Behavior"},{"key":"9162_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1093\/shm\/16.2.209","volume":"16","author":"R Harrington","year":"2003","unstructured":"Harrington, R. (2003). On the tracks of trauma: Railway spine reconsidered. Social History of Medicine, 16, 209\u2013223.","journal-title":"Social History of Medicine"},{"key":"9162_CR27","first-page":"187","volume":"4","author":"SE Hobfoll","year":"1991","unstructured":"Hobfoll, S. E. (1991). Traumatic stress: A theory based on rapid loss of resources. Anxiety, Stress, and Coping, 4, 187\u2013197.","journal-title":"Anxiety, Stress, and Coping"},{"key":"9162_CR28","volume-title":"Forgoing criminal justice assistance: The non-reporting of new incidents of abuse in a court sample of domestic violence victims","author":"GT Hotaling","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hotaling, G. T., & Buzawa, E. S. (2003). Forgoing criminal justice assistance: The non-reporting of new incidents of abuse in a court sample of domestic violence victims. Washington, DC: United States Department of Justice."},{"key":"9162_CR29","first-page":"127","volume-title":"Sexual harassment in the workplace","author":"CL Hulin","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hulin, C. L., Fitzgerald, L. F., & Drasgow, F. (1996). Organizational influences on sexual harassment. In M. Stockdale (Ed.), Sexual harassment in the workplace (Vol. 5, pp. 127\u2013150). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage."},{"key":"9162_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022889131043","volume":"18","author":"I Hutchison","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hutchison, I. (2003). Substance use and abused women\u2019s utilization of the police. Journal of Family Violence, 18, 93\u2013106.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Violence"},{"key":"9162_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1016\/S0145-2134(00)00158-7","volume":"24","author":"JL Jasinksi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Jasinksi, J. L., Williams, L. M., & Siegal, J. (2000). Childhood physical and sexual abuse as risk factors for heavy drinking among African-American women: A prospective study. Child Abuse and Neglect, 24, 1061\u20131071.","journal-title":"Child Abuse and Neglect"},{"key":"9162_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.09.009","volume":"21","author":"E Jones","year":"2007","unstructured":"Jones, E., & Wessely, S. (2007). A paradigm shift in the conceptualization of psychological trauma in the 20th century. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 164\u2013175.","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"9162_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2004.05.009","volume":"15","author":"H Kang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kang, H., Dalager, N., Mahan, C., & Ishii, E. (2005). The role of sexual assault on the risk of PTSD among Gulf War veterans. Annals of Epidemiology, 15, 191\u2013195.","journal-title":"Annals of Epidemiology"},{"key":"9162_CR67","unstructured":"Katt v. N.Y. City Police Department, 2000 U.S. Dist. Lexis 21102, 2000 (S.D.N.Y.)."},{"key":"9162_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","volume":"52","author":"RC Kessler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kessler, R. C., Sonnega, A., Bromet, E., Hughes, M., & Nelson, C. B. (1995). Posttraumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry, 52, 1048\u20131060.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"9162_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1177\/0011128787033004005","volume":"33","author":"DG Kilpatrick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kilpatrick, D. G., Saunders, B. E., Veronen, L. J., Best, C. L., & Von, J. M. (1987). Criminal victimization: Lifetime prevalence, reporting to police, and psychological impact. Crime and Delinquency, 33, 479\u2013489.","journal-title":"Crime and Delinquency"},{"key":"9162_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.8.1.96","volume":"8","author":"MB Kovera","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kovera, M. B., & Cass, S. A. (2002). Compelled mental health examinations, liability decisions, and damage awards in sexual harassment cases: Issues for jury research. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8, 96\u2013114.","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"key":"9162_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-4560.1946.tb02295.x","volume":"2","author":"K Lewin","year":"1946","unstructured":"Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2, 34\u201346.","journal-title":"Journal of Social Issues"},{"key":"9162_CR38","unstructured":"Lewin, K. (1948). In G. W. Lewin (Ed.), Resolving social conflicts; selected papers on group dynamics. New York: Harper & Row."},{"key":"9162_CR66","unstructured":"Loftus, E. F., Garry, M., & Hayne, H. (2008). Repressed and recovered memory. In E. Borgida & S. T. Fiske (Eds.), Beyond common sense: Psychological science in the courtroom (pp. 177\u2013194). Malden, MA: Blackwell Publishing."},{"key":"9162_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"876","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801205276985","volume":"11","author":"TK Logan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Logan, T. K., Shannon, L., & Walker, W. (2005). Protective orders in rural and urban areas: A multiple perspective study. Violence Against Women, 11, 876\u2013911.","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"9162_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1037\/11364-000","volume-title":"Women and victimization: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications","author":"TK Logan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Logan, T. K., Walker, R., Jordan, C., & Leukefeld, C. (2006). Women and victimization: Contributing factors, interventions, and implications. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association Press."},{"key":"9162_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1226","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801208323976","volume":"14","author":"T Logan","year":"2008","unstructured":"Logan, T., Walker, R., Shannon, L., & Cole, J. (2008). Combining ethical considerations with recruitment and follow-up strategies for partner violence victimization research. Violence Against Women, 14, 1226\u20131251.","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"9162_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-9010.84.3.390","volume":"84","author":"VJ Magley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magley, V. J., Hulin, C. L., Fitzgerald, L. F., & DeNardo, M. (1999). Outcomes of self-labeling sexual harassment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84, 390\u2013402.","journal-title":"Journal of Applied Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007725022534","volume":"13","author":"JF McDermut","year":"2000","unstructured":"McDermut, J. F., Haaga, D. A. F., & Kirk, L. (2000). An evaluation of stress symptoms associated with academic sexual harassment. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 13, 397\u2013411.","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"9162_CR65","unstructured":"McDonald, J. J., Jr. (2007). Emotional distress damages: Torture or foul play. Panelist for the Advanced Employment Law Conference, Labor and Employment Section of the Atlanta Bar Association, Brasstown Valley Resort, GA."},{"key":"9162_CR44","first-page":"221","volume":"20","author":"JJ McDonald Jr","year":"1994","unstructured":"McDonald, J. J., Jr., & Feldman-Schorrig, S. P. (1994). The relevance of childhood sexual abuse in sexual harassment cases. Employee Relations Law Journal, 20, 221\u2013236.","journal-title":"Employee Relations Law Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"9162_CR45","first-page":"51","volume":"21","author":"JJ McDonald Jr","year":"1995","unstructured":"McDonald, J. J., Jr., & Lees-Haley, P. R. (1995). Avoiding \u201cjunk science\u201d in sexual harassment litigation. Employee Relations Law Journal, 21(2), 51\u201371.","journal-title":"Employee Relations Law Journal"},{"key":"9162_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-198001000-00006","volume":"168","author":"AT McLellan","year":"1980","unstructured":"McLellan, A. T., Luborsky, L., Woody, G. E., & O\u2019Brien, C. P. (1980). An improved diagnostic evaluation instrument for substance abuse patients: The Addiction Severity Index. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 168, 26\u201333.","journal-title":"Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease"},{"issue":"1","key":"9162_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1177\/1077559500005001003","volume":"5","author":"TL Messman-Moore","year":"2000","unstructured":"Messman-Moore, T. L., Long, P. J., & Siegfried, N. J. (2000). The revictimization of child sexual abuse survivors: An examination of college women with child sexual abuse, adult sexual assault, and adult physical abuse. Child Maltreatment, 5(1), 18\u201327.","journal-title":"Child Maltreatment"},{"key":"9162_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.7205\/MILMED.171.2.166","volume":"171","author":"M Murdoch","year":"2006","unstructured":"Murdoch, M., Polusny, M. A., Hodges, J., & Cowper, D. (2006). The association between in-service sexual harassment and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Department of Veterans Affairs disability applicants. Military Medicine, 171, 166\u2013173.","journal-title":"Military Medicine"},{"key":"9162_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20074","volume":"18","author":"PA Palmieri","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palmieri, P. A., & Fitzgerald, L. F. (2005). Confirmatory factor analysis of posttraumatic stress symptoms in sexually harassed women. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 18, 657\u2013666.","journal-title":"Journal of Traumatic Stress"},{"key":"9162_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollard v. Dupont, 338 F.Supp.2d 865, 2003.","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6215(03)00050-8"},{"key":"9162_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"984","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.61.6.984","volume":"61","author":"HS Resnick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Resnick, H. S., Kilpatrick, D. G., Dansky, B. S., Saunders, B. E., & Best, C. L. (1993). Prevalence of civilian trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in a representative national sample of women. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 61, 984\u2013991.","journal-title":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1981.01780290015001","volume":"38","author":"L Robins","year":"1981","unstructured":"Robins, L., Helzer, J., Croughan, J., & Ratcliff, K. (1981). National Institute of Mental Health Diagnostic Interview Schedule: Its history, characteristics, and validity. Archives of General Psychiatry, 38, 381\u2013389.","journal-title":"Archives of General Psychiatry"},{"key":"9162_CR52","first-page":"39","volume":"3","author":"GM Rosen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosen, G. M. (2004). Traumatic events, criterion creep, and the creation of pretraumatic stress disorder. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 3, 39\u201342.","journal-title":"The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice"},{"key":"9162_CR53","first-page":"46","volume":"3","author":"GM Rosen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Rosen, G. M. (2005). Further thoughts on criterion creep and the creation of Pretraumatic Stress Disorder. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 3, 46\u201347.","journal-title":"The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice"},{"key":"9162_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/j.janxdis.2006.09.011","volume":"21","author":"GM Rosen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Rosen, G. M., & Taylor, S. (2007). Pseudo-PTSD. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 21, 201\u2013210.","journal-title":"Journal of Anxiety Disorders"},{"key":"9162_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1998.tb00175.x","volume":"22","author":"MS Stockdale","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stockdale, M. S. (1998). The direct and moderating influences of sexual harassment pervasiveness, coping strategies, and gender on work-related outcomes. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 22, 521\u2013535.","journal-title":"Psychology of Women Quarterly"},{"key":"9162_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8971.8.1.64","volume":"8","author":"MS Stockdale","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stockdale, M. S., O\u2019Connor, M., Gutek, B. A., & Geer, T. (2002). The relationship between prior sexual victimization and sensitivity to social sexual behavior in the workplace and education: Literature review and empirical study. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 8, 64\u201395.","journal-title":"Psychology, Public Policy, and Law"},{"key":"9162_CR57","volume-title":"Manual for the conflict tactics scale","author":"M Straus","year":"1995","unstructured":"Straus, M. (1995). Manual for the conflict tactics scale. Durham, NH: Family Research Laboratory, University of New Hampshire."},{"key":"9162_CR58","volume-title":"Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families","year":"1990","unstructured":"Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. I. (Eds.). (1990). Physical violence in American families: Risk factors and adaptations to violence in 8,145 families. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction."},{"key":"9162_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1177\/019251396017003001","volume":"17","author":"MA Straus","year":"1996","unstructured":"Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Boney-McCoy, S., & Sugarman, D. B. (1996). The revised Conflicts Tactics Scales (CTS2). Journal of Family Issues, 17, 283\u2013316.","journal-title":"Journal of Family Issues"},{"key":"9162_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.10.1.3","volume":"10","author":"J Swanberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Swanberg, J., & Logan, T. (2005). Domestic violence and employment: A qualitative study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 10, 3\u201317.","journal-title":"Journal of Occupational Health Psychology"},{"key":"9162_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506295387","volume":"22","author":"J Swanberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Swanberg, J., Macke, C., & Logan, T. K. (2007). Working women making it work: Intimate partner violence, employment, and workplace support. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 22, 292\u2013311.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"},{"key":"9162_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801206297437","volume":"13","author":"JR Temple","year":"2007","unstructured":"Temple, J. R., Weston, R., Rodriguez, B. F., & Marshall, L. L. (2007). Differing effects of partner and non-partner sexual assault on women\u2019s mental health. Violence Against Women, 13, 285\u2013297.","journal-title":"Violence Against Women"},{"key":"9162_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1177\/088626098013001003","volume":"13","author":"J Wolfe","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wolfe, J., Sharkansky, E. J., Read, J. P., Dawson, R., Martin, J. A., & Ouimette, P. C. (1998). Sexual harassment and assault as predictors of PTSD symptomatology among U.S. female Persian Gulf War military personnel. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 13, 40\u201357.","journal-title":"Journal of Interpersonal Violence"}],"container-title":["Law and Human Behavior"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/psycnet.apa.org\/journals\/lhb\/33\/5\/405.pdf","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,24]],"date-time":"2025-09-24T16:25:05Z","timestamp":1758731105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/doi.apa.org\/doi\/10.1007\/s10979-008-9162-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}},"alternative-id":["2009-18818-005","19115099"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10979-008-9162-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-661X","0147-7307"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-661X","type":"electronic"},{"value":"0147-7307","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10]]}}}