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Our objective was to isolate the contribution of interpregnancy interval to the risk for adverse birth outcomes using propensity score matching.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>For this retrospective cohort study, data were drawn from a California Department of Health Care Access and Information database with linked vital records and hospital discharge records (2007\u20132012). We compared short IPIs of\u2009&lt;\u20096, 6\u201311, and 12\u201317\u00a0months to a referent IPI of 18\u201323\u00a0months using 1:1 exact propensity score matching on 13 maternal sociodemographic and clinical factors. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds of preterm birth, early-term birth, and small for gestational age (SGA).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Of 144,733 women, 73.6% had IPIs\u2009&lt;\u200918\u00a0months, 5.5% delivered preterm, 27.0% delivered early-term, and 6.0% had SGA infants. In the propensity matched sample (n\u2009=\u200983,788), odds of preterm birth were increased among women with IPI\u2009&lt;\u20096 and 6\u201311\u00a0months (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.71\u20132.0; OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.13\u20131.31, respectively) and not with IPI 12\u201317\u00a0months (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.94\u20131.09); a similar pattern emerged for early-term birth. The odds of SGA were slightly elevated only for intervals\u2009&lt;\u20096\u00a0months (OR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00\u20131.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.05).<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study demonstrates a dose response association between short IPI and adverse birth outcomes, with no increased risk beyond 12\u00a0months. Findings suggest that longer IPI recommendations may be overly proscriptive.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03388-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T04:21:17Z","timestamp":1646799677000},"page":"1115-1125","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Interpregnancy Interval and Birth Outcomes: A Propensity Matching Study in the California Population"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"26","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6424-2189","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jayme L.","family":"Congdon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rebecca J.","family":"Baer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennet","family":"Arcara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sky K.","family":"Feuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anu Manchikanti","family":"G\u00f3mez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deborah","family":"Karasek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Scott P.","family":"Oltman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew S.","family":"Pantell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kelli","family":"Ryckman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Jelliffe-Pawlowski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"3388_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12523","author":"KA Ahrens","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ahrens, K. 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