{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,26]],"date-time":"2026-04-26T07:14:45Z","timestamp":1777187685395,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]],"date-time":"2023-03-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678492800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024954"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024954"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24OD024957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD024957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24OD024957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD024957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024942"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024942"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD030016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD030016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024951"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024951"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024953"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024953"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024958"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024958"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024952"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024952"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD030016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD030016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024946"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024946"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U24OD024957"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U24OD024957"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000052","name":"NIH Office of the Director","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1OD024955"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1OD024955"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000052","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD36790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD36790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 HD27853"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 HD27853"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U10 HD36790"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U10 HD36790"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009633","name":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UG1 HD68278"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UG1 HD68278"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009633","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1 TR41"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1 TR41"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100006108","name":"National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["U2COD023375"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["U2COD023375"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100006108","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,26]],"date-time":"2023-03-26T21:48:15Z","timestamp":1679867295000},"page":"1030-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["The Influence of Mediators on the Relationship Between Antenatal Opioid Agonist Exposure and the Severity of Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3826-4733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lori A.","family":"Devlin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhuopei","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Songthip","family":"Ounpraseuth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alan E.","family":"Simon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Robert D.","family":"Annett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abhik","family":"Das","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Janell F.","family":"Fuller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary D.","family":"Higgins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephanie L.","family":"Merhar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"P. Brian","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret M.","family":"Crawford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lesley E.","family":"Cottrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Czynski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Newman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pablo J.","family":"S\u00e1nchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erin O.","family":"Semmens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. Cody","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bonny L.","family":"Whalen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Snowden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leslie W.","family":"Young","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"for the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network and the NIH Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Program Institutional Development Awards States Pediatric Clinical Trials Network","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"3521_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","volume":"130","author":"American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists","year":"2017","unstructured":"American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists. (2017). ACOG Committee Opinion No. 711: Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 130(2), e81\u2013e94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002235","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-018-0045-0","volume":"4","author":"MG Coyle","year":"2018","unstructured":"Coyle, M. G., Brogly, S. B., Ahmed, M. S., Patrick, S. W., & Jones, H. E. (2018). Neonatal abstinence syndrome. Nature Reviews Disease Primers, 4(1), 47. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41572-018-0045-0","journal-title":"Nature Reviews Disease Primers"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"B5","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.022","volume":"221","author":"J Ecker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ecker, J., Abuhamad, A., Hill, W., Bailit, J., Bateman, B. T., Berghella, V., Blake-Lamb, T., Guille, C., Landau, R., Minkoff, H., Prabhu, M., Rosenthal, E., Terplan, M., Wright, T. E., & Yonkers, K. A. (2019). Substance use disorders in pregnancy: Clinical, ethical, and research imperatives of the opioid epidemic: A report of a joint workshop of the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, and American Society of Addiction Medicine. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 221(1), B5\u2013B28. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.03.022","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"3521_CR4","unstructured":"Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Neonatal Research Network. (2017). Survey of Morbidity and Mortality Among High Risk Preterm Infants (GDB). Retrieved from https:\/\/neonatal.rti.org\/pdf\/GDBPublic\/Public_GDB_Manual.pdf"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0128","volume":"8","author":"MR Grossman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grossman, M. R., Lipshaw, M. J., Osborn, R. R., & Berkwitt, A. K. (2018). A novel approach to assessing infants with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Hospital Pediatrics, 8(1), 1\u20136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2017-0128","journal-title":"Hospital Pediatrics"},{"issue":"31","key":"3521_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1","volume":"67","author":"SC Haight","year":"2018","unstructured":"Haight, S. C., Ko, J. Y., Tong, V. T., Bohm, M. K., & Callaghan, W. M. (2018). Opioid use disorder documented at delivery hospitalization\u2014United States, 1999\u20132014. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 67(31), 845\u2013849. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6731a1","journal-title":"Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report"},{"key":"3521_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"j3326","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j3326","volume":"358","author":"KF Huybrechts","year":"2017","unstructured":"Huybrechts, K. F., Bateman, B. T., Desai, R. J., Hernandez-Diaz, S., Rough, K., Mogun, H., Kerzner, L. S., Davis, J. M., Stover, M., Bartels, D., Cottral, J., & Patorno, E. (2017). Risk of neonatal drug withdrawal after intrauterine co-exposure to opioids and psychotropic medications: Cohort study. BMJ, 358, j3326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.j3326","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"9","key":"3521_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2020-0032","volume":"10","author":"SS Hwang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hwang, S. S., Weikel, B., Adams, J., Bourque, S. L., Cabrera, J., Griffith, N., Hall, A. M., Scott, J., Smith, D., Wheeler, C., Woodard, J., & Wymore, E. (2020). The Colorado Hospitals substance exposed newborn quality improvement collaborative: Standardization of care for opioid-exposed newborns shortens length of stay and reduces number of infants requiring opiate therapy. Hospital Pediatrics, 10(9), 783\u2013791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2020-0032","journal-title":"Hospital Pediatrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"3521_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.003","volume":"122","author":"LM Jansson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jansson, L. M., Di Pietro, J. A., Elko, A., Williams, E. L., Milio, L., & Velez, M. (2012). Pregnancies exposed to methadone, methadone and other illicit substances, and poly-drugs without methadone: A comparison of fetal neurobehaviors and infant outcomes. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 122(3), 213\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.003","journal-title":"Drug and Alcohol Dependence"},{"issue":"24","key":"3521_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","volume":"363","author":"HE Jones","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jones, H. E., Kaltenbach, K., Heil, S. H., Stine, S. M., Coyle, M. G., Arria, A. M., O\u2019Grady, K. E., Selby, P., Martin, P. R., & Fischer, G. (2010). Neonatal abstinence syndrome after methadone or buprenorphine exposure. The New England Journal of Medicine, 363(24), 2320\u20132331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1005359","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3521_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04035.x","volume":"107","author":"HE Jones","year":"2012","unstructured":"Jones, H. E., Heil, S. H., Baewert, A., Arria, A. M., Kaltenbach, K., Martin, P. R., Coyle, M. G., Selby, P., Stine, S. M., & Fischer, G. (2012). Buprenorphine treatment of opioid-dependent pregnant women: A comprehensive review. Addiction, 107(Suppl 1), 5\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1360-0443.2012.04035.x","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"12","key":"3521_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3504","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15582","volume":"116","author":"EE Krans","year":"2021","unstructured":"Krans, E. E., Kim, J. Y., Chen, Q., Rothenberger, S. D., James, A. E., III., Kelley, D., & Jarlenski, M. P. (2021). Outcomes associated with the use of medications for opioid use disorder during pregnancy. Addiction, 116(12), 3504\u20133514. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15582","journal-title":"Addiction"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.1.1","volume":"57","author":"MJ Kreek","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kreek, M. J., Bart, G., Lilly, C., LaForge, K. S., & Nielsen, D. A. (2005). Pharmacogenetics and human molecular genetics of opiate and cocaine addictions and their treatments. Pharmacological Reviews, 57(1), 1\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.57.1.1","journal-title":"Pharmacological Reviews"},{"issue":"10","key":"3521_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1007\/s00228-011-1049-9","volume":"67","author":"I Lacroix","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lacroix, I., Berrebi, A., Garipuy, D., Schmitt, L., Hammou, Y., Chaumerliac, C., Lapeyre-Mestre, M., Montastruc, J. L., & Damase-Michel, C. (2011). Buprenorphine versus methadone in pregnant opioid-dependent women: A prospective multicenter study. European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 67(10), 1053\u20131059. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00228-011-1049-9","journal-title":"European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3521_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2018.21973","volume":"321","author":"H Lee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lee, H., Herbert, R. D., & McAuley, J. H. (2019). Mediation analysis. JAMA, 321(7), 697\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2018.21973","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"3521_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00221.x","volume":"44","author":"JP Ludlow","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ludlow, J. P., Evans, S. F., & Hulse, G. (2004). Obstetric and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies associated with illicit substance abuse. The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 44(4), 302\u2013306. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2004.00221.x","journal-title":"The Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3521_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/ppe.12464","volume":"32","author":"CD Lynch","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lynch, C. D., & Prasad, M. R. (2018). Causal analysis in evaluating complex health interventions: Identifying the optimal treatment for opioid abuse in pregnancy. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 32(2), 223\u2013224. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ppe.12464","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3521_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1177\/0193841X9301700202","volume":"17","author":"DP Mackinnon","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mackinnon, D. P., & Dwyer, J. H. (1993). Estimating mediated effects in prevention studies. Evaluation Review, 17(2), 144\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0193841X9301700202","journal-title":"Evaluation Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"3521_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"980","DOI":"10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a44cb9","volume":"117","author":"EJ Mascha","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mascha, E. J., Dalton, J. E., Kurz, A., & Saager, L. (2013). Understanding the mechanism: Mediation analysis in randomized and nonrandomized studies. Anesthesia & Analgesia, 117(4), 980\u2013994. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1213\/ANE.0b013e3182a44cb9","journal-title":"Anesthesia & Analgesia"},{"key":"3521_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006318.pub3","author":"S Minozzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Minozzi, S., Amato, L., Bellisario, C., Ferri, M., & Davoli, M. (2013). Maintenance agonist treatments for opiate-dependent pregnant women. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006318.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"3521_CR21","unstructured":"National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health. (2015). Racial and Ethnic Categories and Definitions for NIH Diversity Programs and for Other Reporting Purposes. Retrieved from https:\/\/grants.nih.gov\/grants\/guide\/notice-files\/NOT-OD-15-089.html. Accessed Jan 3, 2022"},{"issue":"10","key":"3521_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-019-0440-8","volume":"39","author":"A Parikh","year":"2019","unstructured":"Parikh, A., Gopalakrishnan, M., Azeem, A., Booth, A., & El-Metwally, D. (2019). Racial association and pharmacotherapy in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome. Journal of Perinatology, 39(10), 1370\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-019-0440-8","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"3521_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-029074","author":"SW Patrick","year":"2020","unstructured":"Patrick, S. W., Barfield, W. D., Poindexter, B. B., Committee on Fetus and Newborn, Committee on Substance Use and Prevention, Cummings, J., Hand, I., Adams-Chapman, I., Aucott, S. W., Puopolo, K. M., Goldsmith, J. P., Kaufman, D., Martin, C., Mowitz, M., Gonzalez, L., Camenga, D. R., Quigley, J., Ryan, S. A., & Walker-Harding, L. (2020). Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-029074","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002054","volume":"130","author":"UM Reddy","year":"2017","unstructured":"Reddy, U. M., Davis, J. M., Ren, Z., & Greene, M. F. (2017). Opioid Use in pregnancy, neonatal abstinence syndrome, and childhood outcomes: Executive Summary of a Joint Workshop by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, American Academy of Pediatrics, Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the March of Dimes Foundation. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 130(1), 10\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002054. Accessed Jan 3, 2022","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3521_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0227","volume":"9","author":"LA Sanlorenzo","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sanlorenzo, L. A., Cooper, W. O., Dudley, J. A., Stratton, S., Maalouf, F. I., & Patrick, S. W. (2019). Increased severity of neonatal abstinence syndrome associated with concomitant antenatal opioid and benzodiazepine exposure. Hospital Pediatrics, 9(8), 569\u2013575. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/hpeds.2018-0227","journal-title":"Hospital Pediatrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3521_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1111\/jpc.12513","volume":"50","author":"CL Smirk","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smirk, C. L., Bowman, E., Doyle, L. W., & Kamlin, C. O. (2014). How long should infants at risk of drug withdrawal be monitored after birth? Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 50(5), 352\u2013355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jpc.12513","journal-title":"Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3521_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.157","volume":"38","author":"VN Tolia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Tolia, V. N., Murthy, K., Bennett, M. M., Miller, E. S., Benjamin, D. K., Smith, P. B., & Clark, R. H. (2018). Antenatal methadone vs buprenorphine exposure and length of hospital stay in infants admitted to the intensive care unit with neonatal abstinence syndrome. Journal of Perinatology, 38(1), 75\u201379. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/jp.2017.157","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"key":"3521_CR28","unstructured":"United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service. (2019). Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) Codes. Retrieved from https:\/\/www.ers.usda.gov\/data-products\/rural-urban-commuting-area-codes\/documentation\/. Accessed Jan 3, 2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"3521_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3750","volume":"171","author":"NL Villapiano","year":"2017","unstructured":"Villapiano, N. L., Winkelman, T. N., Kozhimannil, K. B., Davis, M. M., & Patrick, S. W. (2017). Rural and urban differences in neonatal abstinence syndrome and maternal opioid use, 2004 to 2013. JAMA Pediatrics, 171(2), 194\u2013196. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamapediatrics.2016.3750","journal-title":"JAMA Pediatrics"},{"key":"3521_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-018-0109-8","volume":"38","author":"EM Wachman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Wachman, E. M., Grossman, M., Schiff, D. M., Philipp, B. L., Minear, S., Hutton, E., Saia, K., Nikita, F., Khattab, A., Nolin, A., Alvarez, C., Barry, K., Combs, G., Stickney, D., Driscoll, J., Humphreys, R., Burke, J., Farrell, C., Shrestha, H., & Whalen, B. L. (2018). Quality improvement initiative to improve inpatient outcomes for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Journal of Perinatology, 38, 1114\u20131122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41372-018-0109-8","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3521_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182266a3a","volume":"5","author":"EM Wachman","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wachman, E. M., Newby, P. K., Vreeland, J., Byun, J., Bonzagni, A., Bauchner, H., & Philipp, B. L. (2011). The relationship between maternal opioid agonists and psychiatric medications on length of hospitalization for neonatal abstinence syndrome. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 5(4), 293\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ADM.0b013e3182266a3a","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"3521_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906723","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/906723","volume":"2014","author":"VE Whiteman","year":"2014","unstructured":"Whiteman, V. E., Salemi, J. L., Mogos, M. F., Cain, M. A., Aliyu, M. H., & Salihu, H. M. (2014). Maternal opioid drug use during pregnancy and its impact on perinatal morbidity, mortality, and the costs of medical care in the United States. Journal of Pregnancy, 2014, 906723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2014\/906723","journal-title":"Journal of Pregnancy"},{"issue":"9","key":"3521_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22298","volume":"72","author":"ES Winer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Winer, E. S., Cervone, D., Bryant, J., McKinney, C., Liu, R. T., & Nadorff, M. R. (2016). Distinguishing mediational models and analyses in clinical psychology: Atemporal associations do not imply causation. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 72(9), 947\u2013955. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22298","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Psychology"},{"key":"3521_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Young, L. W., Hu, Z., Annett, R. D., Das, A., Fuller, J. F., Higgins, R. D., Lester, B. M., Merhar, S. L., Simon, A. E., Ounpraseuth, S., Smith, P. B., Crawford, M. M., Atz, A. M., Cottrell, L. E., Czynski, A. J., Newman, S., Paul, D. A., Sanchez, P. J., Semmens, E. O., \u2026, Devlin, L. A. (2021). Site-level variation in the characteristics and care of infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal. Pediatrics. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1542\/peds.2020-008839","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2020-008839"},{"key":"3521_CR35","unstructured":"Zozus, M. N., Young, L. W., Simon, A. E., Garza, M., Lawrence, L., Ounpraseuth, S. T., Bledsoe, M., Newman-Norlund, S., Jarvis, J. D., McNally, M., Harris, K. R., McCulloh, R., Aikman, R., Cox, S., Malloch, L., Walden, A., Snowden, J., Chedjieu, I. M., Wicker, C. A., \u2026, Devlin, L. A. (2019). Training as an intervention to decrease medical record abstraction errors multicenter studies. Studies in Health Technology\u00a0and Informatics, 257, 526\u2013539."}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,4]],"date-time":"2023-05-04T15:11:45Z","timestamp":1683213105000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]}},"alternative-id":["3521"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-022-03521-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"8 September 2022","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"11 March 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no conflicts of interest to disclose. While NICHD and NIH ECHO staff had input into the study design, conduct, analysis, and manuscript drafting, the comments and views of the authors do not necessarily represent the views of NICHD or the ECHO program, the National Institutes of Health, the Department of Health and Human Services, or the US Government.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"A central Institutional Review Board (IRB) at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences approved this chart review study under a waiver of consent and parental permission.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"This study was IRB\u00a0approved under wavier of consent. All study data are presented as a conglomerate and no individual participant data is included in this work.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}}]}}