{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T18:47:46Z","timestamp":1792176466211,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"S1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685491200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K12DA043490"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K12DA043490"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K23DA048169"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K23DA048169"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000026","name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UH3DA050252"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UH3DA050252"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000026","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Some states, including Massachusetts, require automatic filing of child abuse and neglect for substance-exposed newborns, including infants exposed in-utero to clinician-prescribed medications to treat opioid use disorder (MOUD). The aim of this article is to explore effects of these mandated reporting policies on pregnant and postpartum people receiving MOUD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We used modified grounded research theory, literature findings, and constant comparative methods to extract, analyze and contextualize perinatal experiences with child protection systems (CPS) and explore the impact of the Massachusetts mandated reporting policy on healthcare experiences and OUD treatment decisions. We drew from 26 semi-structured interviews originally conducted within a parent study of perinatal MOUD use in pregnancy and the postpartum period.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Three themes unique to CPS reporting policies and involvement emerged. First, mothers who received MOUD during pregnancy identified mandated reporting for prenatally prescribed medication utilization as unjust and stigmatizing. Second, the stress caused by an impending CPS filing at delivery and the realities of CPS surveillance and involvement after filing were both perceived as harmful to family health and wellbeing. Finally, pregnant and postpartum individuals with OUD felt pressure to make medical decisions in a complex environment in which medical recommendations and the requirements of CPS agencies often compete.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions for Practice<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Uncoupling of OUD treatment decisions in the perinatal period from mandated CPS reporting at time of delivery is essential. The primary focus for families affected by OUD must shift from surveillance and stigma to evidence-based treatment and access to supportive services and resources.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]],"date-time":"2023-05-31T00:10:56Z","timestamp":1685491856000},"page":"104-112","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Prescribed and Penalized: The Detrimental Impact of Mandated Reporting for Prenatal Utilization of Medication for Opioid Use Disorder"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2803-6542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Erin C.","family":"Work","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Serra","family":"Muftu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn Dee L.","family":"MacMillan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jessica R.","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Bell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mishka","family":"Terplan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hendree E.","family":"Jones","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Reddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy E.","family":"Wilens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shelly F.","family":"Greenfield","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Bernstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Davida M.","family":"Schiff","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1177\/1473325019893412","volume":"19","author":"K Broadhurst","year":"2019","unstructured":"Broadhurst, K., & Mason, C. (2019). Child removal as the gateway to further adversity: Birth mother accounts of the immediate and enduring collateral consequences of child removal. Qualitative Social Work, 19(1), 15\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1473325019893412","journal-title":"Qualitative Social Work"},{"key":"3672_CR2","unstructured":"CAPTA Reauthorization Act of 2010, S.3817, 111th Congress (2010)."},{"issue":"11","key":"3672_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2079","DOI":"10.1111\/add.15054","volume":"115","author":"LM Cleveland","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cleveland, L. M., McGlothen-Bell, K., Scott, L. A., & Recto, P. (2020). A life-course theory exploration of opioid-related maternal mortality in the United States. Addiction (Abingdon, England), 115(11), 2079\u20132088. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/add.15054","journal-title":"Addiction (Abingdon, England)"},{"issue":"2","key":"3672_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e81","DOI":"10.1097\/aog.0000000000002235","volume":"130","author":"Committee Opinion","year":"2017","unstructured":"Committee Opinion. (2017). NO. 711: Opioid use and opioid use disorder in pregnancy. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 130(2), e81\u2013e94. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aog.0000000000002235","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"3672_CR6","unstructured":"Comprehensive addiction and recovery act of 2016, 114th Congress (2016)."},{"key":"3672_CR7","unstructured":"Connecticut Department of Children and Families. (2018). Substance Use Practice Guide. Retrieved from: https:\/\/portal.ct.gov\/-\/media\/DCF\/Policy\/BPGuides\/21-7-PG-Substance-Use.pdf"},{"issue":"2","key":"3672_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02314.x","volume":"52","author":"EP Davis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Davis, E. P., Glynn, L. M., Waffarn, F., & Sandman, C. A. (2011). Prenatal maternal stress programs infant stress regulation. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 52(2), 119\u2013129. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-7610.2010.02314.x","journal-title":"Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716220980329","volume":"692","author":"AJ Dettlaff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Dettlaff, A. J., & Boyd, R. (2020). Racial disproportionality and disparities in the child welfare system: Why do they exist, and what can be done to address them? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 692(1), 253\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002716220980329","journal-title":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"3672_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1177\/0003122420938460","volume":"85","author":"K Fong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Fong, K. (2020). Getting eyes in the home: Child protective services investigations and state surveillance of family life. American Sociological Review, 85(4), 610\u2013638.","journal-title":"American Sociological Review"},{"issue":"4","key":"3672_CR12","first-page":"781","volume":"102","author":"M Goodwin","year":"2014","unstructured":"Goodwin, M. (2014). Fetal protection laws: Moral panic and the new constitutional battlefront. California Law Review, 102(4), 781\u2013875.","journal-title":"California Law Review"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.prcp.20180004","volume":"1","author":"C Guille","year":"2019","unstructured":"Guille, C., Jones, H. E., Abuhamad, A., & Brady, K. T. (2019). Shared decision-making tool for treatment of perinatal opioid use disorder. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 1(1), 27\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.prcp.20180004","journal-title":"Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1080\/14616734.2010.488119","volume":"13","author":"K Howard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Howard, K., Martin, A., Berlin, L. J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2011). Early mother-child separation, parenting, and child well-being in Early Head Start families. Attachment & Human Development, 13(1), 5\u201326. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14616734.2010.488119","journal-title":"Attachment & Human Development"},{"key":"3672_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.01.030","volume":"86","author":"KS Kenny","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kenny, K. S., & Barrington, C. (2018). \u201cPeople just don\u2019t look at you the same way\u201d: Public stigma, private suffering and unmet social support needs among mothers who use drugs in the aftermath of child removal. Children and Youth Services Review, 86, 209\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.childyouth.2018.01.030","journal-title":"Children and Youth Services Review"},{"issue":"11","key":"3672_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.05.024","volume":"26","author":"KS Kenny","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kenny, K. S., Barrington, C., & Green, S. L. (2015). \u201cI felt for a long time like everything beautiful in me had been taken out\u201d: Women\u2019s suffering, remembering, and survival following the loss of child custody. The International Journal on Drug Policy, 26(11), 1158\u20131166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2015.05.024","journal-title":"The International Journal on Drug Policy"},{"key":"3672_CR17","unstructured":"Mass. Gen. Laws Ann. ch.119 \u00a7 51A. (West 2020). https:\/\/malegislature.gov\/Laws\/GeneralLaws\/PartI\/TitleXVII\/Chapter119\/Section51a"},{"key":"3672_CR18","unstructured":"Massachusetts Department of Children and Families (2016). 51A Reports regarding Substance Exposed Newborns (SENs). In: Mandated Reporters Community Partners, and Other Stakeholders."},{"issue":"10","key":"3672_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e013942","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013942","volume":"7","author":"JR McTavish","year":"2017","unstructured":"McTavish, J. R., Kimber, M., Devries, K., Colombini, M., MacGregor, J., Wathen, C. N., Agarwal, A., & MacMillan, H. L. (2017). Mandated reporters\u2019 experiences with reporting child maltreatment: a meta-synthesis of qualitative studies. BMJ open, 7(10), e013942. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-013942","journal-title":"BMJ open"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1177\/0002716220979520","volume":"692","author":"DH Merritt","year":"2020","unstructured":"Merritt, D. H. (2020). How do families experience and interact with CPS? The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 692(1), 203\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0002716220979520","journal-title":"The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science"},{"key":"3672_CR21","unstructured":"New Hamshpire Center for Excellent on Addiction. (2019). NH\u2019s Plans of Safe Care Guidance Document. In"},{"key":"3672_CR22","unstructured":"N.M. Stat. Ann. \u00a732A-3A-13 (West 2019). https:\/\/law.justia.com\/codes\/new-mexico\/2021\/chapter-32a\/article-3a\/section-32a-3a-13\/"},{"key":"3672_CR23","unstructured":"Office of National Drug Control Policy (2021). The Biden-Harris administration\u2019s statement of drug policy priorities for year one. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.whitehouse.gov\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/BidenHarris-Statement-of-Drug-Policy-Priorities-April-1.pdf"},{"issue":"4","key":"3672_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1097\/adm.0000000000000491","volume":"13","author":"B Ostrach","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ostrach, B., & Leiner, C. (2019). \u201cI didn\u2019t want to be on Suboxone at first\u2026\u201d\u2014Ambivalence in perinatal substance use treatment. Journal of Addiction Medicine, 13(4), 264\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/adm.0000000000000491","journal-title":"Journal of Addiction Medicine"},{"key":"3672_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2020.305888","author":"M Peeler","year":"2020","unstructured":"Peeler, M., Gupta, M., Melvin, P., Bryant, A. S., Diop, H., Iverson, R., & Schiff, D. M. (2020). Racial and ethnic disparities in maternal and infant outcomes among opioid-exposed mother-infant dyads in Massachusetts (2017\u20132019). Am J Public Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2105\/ajph.2020.305888","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"3672_CR26","unstructured":"Rhode Island Department of Children, Youth & Families (2018). Infant plans of safe care guidance document. Retireved from: https:\/\/health.ri.gov\/materialbyothers\/guidelines\/DCYFInfantPlansOfSafeCare.pdf"},{"key":"3672_CR27","unstructured":"Rise Participatory Action Research Team. (2021). An unavoidable system: the harms of family policing and parents\u2019 vision for investing in community care. Retrieved from: https:\/\/www.risemagazine.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/AnUnavoidableSystem.pdf"},{"key":"3672_CR28","unstructured":"Roberts, D. E. (2022).\u00a0Torn apart: how the child welfare system destroys Black families\u2014and how abolition can build a safer world\u00a0(First edition.). Basic Books."},{"issue":"3","key":"3672_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0594-7","volume":"15","author":"SC Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts, S. C., & Pies, C. (2011). Complex calculations: How drug use during pregnancy becomes a barrier to prenatal care. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(3), 333\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-010-0594-7","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"3672_CR30","volume-title":"Reproductive justice: An introduction","author":"L Ross","year":"2017","unstructured":"Ross, L., & Solinger, R. (2017). Reproductive justice: An introduction. University of California Press."},{"key":"3672_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108765","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jsat.2022.108765","volume":"139","author":"DM Schiff","year":"2022","unstructured":"Schiff, D. M., Work, E. C., Muftu, S., Partridge, S., MacMillan, K. L., Gray, J. R., & Bernstein, J. (2022). You have to take this medication, but then you get punished for taking it: Lack of agency, choice, and fear of medication to treat opioid use disorder across the perinatal period. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 139, 108765.","journal-title":"Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/s40352-015-0015-5","volume":"3","author":"R Stone","year":"2015","unstructured":"Stone, R. (2015). Pregnant women and substance use: Fear, stigma, and barriers to care. Health & Justice, 3(1), 2. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s40352-015-0015-5","journal-title":"Health & Justice"},{"key":"3672_CR33","volume-title":"Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource","author":"SJ Taylor","year":"1998","unstructured":"Taylor, S. J., & Bogdan, R. (1998). Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource (3rd ed.). John Wiley & Sons Inc.","edition":"3"},{"key":"3672_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102977","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102977","volume":"91","author":"M Thumath","year":"2021","unstructured":"Thumath, M., Humphreys, D., Barlow, J., Duff, P., Braschel, M., Bingham, B., Pierre, S., & Shannon, K. (2021). Overdose among mothers: The association between child removal and unintentional drug overdose in a longitudinal cohort of marginalised women in Canada. The International journal on drug policy, 91, 102977. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.drugpo.2020.102977","journal-title":"The International journal on drug policy"},{"issue":"3","key":"3672_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.007","volume":"38","author":"PD Wadhwa","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wadhwa, P. D., Entringer, S., Buss, C., & Lu, M. C. (2011). The contribution of maternal stress to preterm birth: Issues and considerations. Clinics in Perinatology, 38(3), 351\u2013384. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clp.2011.06.007","journal-title":"Clinics in Perinatology"},{"issue":"8","key":"3672_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E209","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.181002","volume":"191","author":"E Wall-Wieler","year":"2019","unstructured":"Wall-Wieler, E., Kenny, K., Lee, J., Thiessen, K., Morris, M., & Roos, L. L. (2019). Prenatal care among mothers involved with child protection services in Manitoba: A retrospective cohort study. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 191(8), E209\u2013E215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.181002","journal-title":"Canadian Medical Association Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"3672_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1080\/15325020490890624","volume":"10","author":"LD Zeman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zeman, L. D. (2004). Etiology of loss among parents falsely accused of abuse or neglect. Journal of Loss and Trauma, 10(1), 19\u201331. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/15325020490890624","journal-title":"Journal of Loss and Trauma"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,4]],"date-time":"2023-12-04T07:11:19Z","timestamp":1701673879000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"S1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3672"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03672-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 May 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 May 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Dr. Wilens acts as co-editor for Elsevier Psychiatrics Clinics, Psychology of North American (ADHD), and Neurotherapeutics; has received royalties from Ironshore, Guilford Press, and Cambridge University Press; and provides consulting for Gavin Foundation, Bay Cove Human Services, US National Football League (ERM Associates), US Minor\/Major League Baseball, and White Rhino\/3D. The authors report no other conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by and conformed to the standards of the Partners Healthcare Research Committee, Massachusetts General Hospital\u2019s Institutional Review Board.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"All participants consented to participate according to standards from the Partners Healthcare Research Committee.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"N\/A.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}