{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,15]],"date-time":"2026-09-15T12:35:00Z","timestamp":1789475700026,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010016","name":"nottingham trent university","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PhD Studentship"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PhD Studentship"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010016","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This retrospective study explored the experiences of women with overweight or obesity regarding physical activity, diet and quality of life leading up to, during, and following pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>A qualitative descriptive design was adopted, whereby data collected through semi-structured interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Throughout the interviews, individuals were asked to describe their barriers to a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Ten women (34.5\u2009\u00b1\u20095.2 years old, BMI 30.4\u2009\u00b1\u20093.5\u00a0kg\u00b7m<jats:sup>\u2212\u20092<\/jats:sup>) who were between 12 and 52 weeks postpartum participated. A range of themes were identified when discussing barriers to physical activity and healthy eating during and following pregnancy. For example, <jats:italic>tiredness<\/jats:italic>, especially in the third trimester of pregnancy, and a lack of <jats:italic>support<\/jats:italic> at home, was often cited as preventing engagement in exercise and healthy eating practices. A lack of <jats:italic>convenience<\/jats:italic> when attending exercise classes, <jats:italic>medical complications<\/jats:italic> following the birth and the <jats:italic>cost<\/jats:italic> of attending pregnancy-specific classes were identified as barriers to exercise engagement. <jats:italic>Cravings<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>nausea<\/jats:italic> were identified as barriers to healthy eating during pregnancy. Quality of life was positively associated with exercise and healthy eating, whilst a lack of sleep, loneliness and a loss of freedom since the baby had arrived negatively influenced quality of life.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Postpartum women with overweight and obesity experience many barriers when attempting to engage in a healthy lifestyle during and following pregnancy. These findings can be used to inform the design and delivery of future lifestyle interventions in this population.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]],"date-time":"2023-06-14T11:02:11Z","timestamp":1686740531000},"page":"1968-1980","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Experiences of Physical Activity, Healthy Eating and Quality of Life During and Following Pregnancy in Overweight and Obese Postpartum Women"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"27","author":[{"given":"Stephanie J.","family":"Hanley","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Varley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Craig","family":"Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirsty J.","family":"Elliott-Sale","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"3684_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1079\/pns2001113","volume":"60","author":"AS Anderson","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anderson, A. S. (2001). Pregnancy as a time for dietary change? Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 60, 497\u2013504. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/pns2001113.","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Nutrition Society"},{"key":"3684_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(11)60004-0","volume":"115","author":"A Aviram","year":"2011","unstructured":"Aviram, A., Hod, M., & Yogev, Y. (2011). Maternal obesity: Implications for pregnancy outcome and long-term risks-a link to maternal nutrition. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 115, S6\u2013S10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0020-7292(11)60004-0.","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2019.09.020","volume":"120","author":"LE Blau","year":"2020","unstructured":"Blau, L. E., Lipsky, L. M., Dempster, K. W., Colman, E., Siega-Riz, M. H., Faith, A. M., M.S., & Nansel, T. R. (2020). Women\u2019s experiences and udnerstanding of food cravings in pregnancy: A qualitative study in women receiving prenatal care at the University of Borth Carolina- chapel hill. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 120(5), 815\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2019.09.020.","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"2","key":"3684_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa.","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"key":"3684_CR5","first-page":"191","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of qualitative research in Sport and Exercise","author":"V Braun","year":"2017","unstructured":"Braun, V., Clarke, V., & Wheate, P. (2017). Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In B. Smith, & A. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of qualitative research in Sport and Exercise (pp. 191\u2013218). London: Routledge."},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-2-161","volume":"2","author":"L Carter-Edwards","year":"2009","unstructured":"Carter-Edwards, L., \u00d8stbye, T., Bastian, L. A., Yarnall, K. S., Krause, K. M., & Simmons, T. J. (2009). Barriers to adopting a healthy lifestyle: Insight from postpartum women. BMC Research Notes, 2(1), 161. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1756-0500-2-161.","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/J.JSAMS.2016.06.007","volume":"20","author":"CVN Coll","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coll, C. V. N., Domingues, M. R., Gon\u00e7alves, H., & Bertoldi, A. D. (2017). Perceived barriers to leisure-time physical activity during pregnancy: A literature review of quantitative and qualitative evidence. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(1), 17\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/J.JSAMS.2016.06.007.","journal-title":"Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-010-0617-4","volume":"15","author":"AG Cramp","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cramp, A. G., & Bray, S. R. (2011). Understanding exercise self-efficacy and barriers to leisure-time physical activity among postnatal women. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 15(5), 642\u2013651. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-010-0617-4.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"3684_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e18","DOI":"10.2196\/resprot.2329","volume":"1","author":"BG Danaher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Danaher, B. G., Milgrom, J., Seeley, J. R., Stuart, S., Schembri, C., Tyler, M. S., & Lewinsohn, P. (2012). Web-based intervention for Postpartum Depression: Formative Research and Design of the MomMoodBooster Program. JMIR Research Protocols, 1(2), e18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/resprot.2329.","journal-title":"JMIR Research Protocols"},{"issue":"11","key":"3684_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e242","DOI":"10.2196\/jmir.2876","volume":"15","author":"BG Danaher","year":"2013","unstructured":"Danaher, B. G., Milgrom, J., Seeley, J. R., Stuart, S., Schembri, C., Tyler, M. S., & Lewinsohn, P. (2013). MomMoodBooster web-based intervention for Postpartum Depression: Feasibility trial results. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 15(11), e242. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/jmir.2876.","journal-title":"Journal of Medical Internet Research"},{"key":"3684_CR11","unstructured":"Denzin, N. K. (1978). Triangulation: A case for methodological evaluation and combination. Sociological Methods, 339\u2013357."},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000739","volume":"125","author":"NP Deputy","year":"2015","unstructured":"Deputy, N. P., Sharma, A. J., Kim, S. Y., & Hinkle, S. N. (2015). Prevalence and characteristics Associated with Gestational Weight Gain Adequacy. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 125(4), 773\u2013781. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000739.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3684_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980016002937","volume":"20","author":"IM Doyle","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doyle, I. M., Borrmann, B., Groser, A., Razum, O., & Spallek, J. (2016). Determinants of dietary patterns and diet quality during pregnancy: A systematic review with narrative synthesis. Public Health Nutrition, 20(6), 1009\u20131028. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S1368980016002937.","journal-title":"Public Health Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1111\/0033-0124.00253","volume":"52","author":"SA Elwood","year":"2000","unstructured":"Elwood, S. A., & Martin, D. G. (2000). \"Placing\u201d interviews: Location and scales of power in qualitative research. The Professional Geographer, 52(4), 649\u2013657. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/0033-0124.00253.","journal-title":"The Professional Geographer"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2165\/11597610-000000000-00000","volume":"42","author":"E Engberg","year":"2012","unstructured":"Engberg, E., Alen, M., Kukkonen-Harjula, K., Peltonen, J. E., Tikkanen, H. O., & Pekkarinen, H. (2012). Life events and change in Leisure Time Physical Activity. Sports Medicine, 42(5), 433\u2013447. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2165\/11597610-000000000-00000.","journal-title":"Sports Medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"3684_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0359-8","volume":"13","author":"KR Evenson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evenson, K. R., Moos, M. K., Carrier, K., & Siega-Riz, A. M. (2009). Perceived barriers to physical activity among pregnant women. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 13(3), 364\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-008-0359-8.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"7","key":"3684_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10070885","volume":"10","author":"D Faria-Sch\u00fctzer","year":"2018","unstructured":"Faria-Sch\u00fctzer, D., Surita, F., Rodrigues, L., & Turato, E. (2018). Eating Behaviors in Postpartum: A qualitative study of women with obesity. Nutrients, 10(7), 885. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu10070885.","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-1816-z","volume":"18","author":"C Flannery","year":"2018","unstructured":"Flannery, C., McHugh, S., Anaba, A. E., Clifford, E., O\u2019Riordan, M., Kenny, L. C., & Byrne, M. (2018). Enablers and barriers to physical activity in overweight and obese pregnant women: An analysis informed by the theoretical domains framework and COM-B model. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 18(1), 178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-018-1816-z.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e024808","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024808","volume":"9","author":"C Flannery","year":"2019","unstructured":"Flannery, C., McHugh, S., Kenny, L. C., O\u2019Riordan, M. N., McAuliffe, F. M., Bradley, C., & Byrne, M. (2019). Exploring obstetricians\u2019, midwives\u2019 and general practitioners\u2019 approach to weight management in pregnant women with a BMI \u2265 25 kg\/m 2: A qualitative study. British Medical Journal Open, 9(1), e024808. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024808.","journal-title":"British Medical Journal Open"},{"issue":"10","key":"3684_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1080\/08870440903194015","volume":"25","author":"JJ Francis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Francis, J. J., Johnston, M., Robertson, C., Glidewell, L., Entwistle, V., Eccles, M. P., & Grimshaw, J. M. (2009). What is an adequate sample size? Operationalising data saturation for theory-based interview studies. Psuchology & Health, 25(10), 1229\u20131245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/08870440903194015.","journal-title":"Psuchology & Health"},{"key":"3684_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Goldstein, R. F., Boyle, J. A., Lo, C., Teede, H. J., & Harrison, C. L. (2021). Facilitators and barriers to behaviour change within a lifestyle program for women with obesity to prevent excessive gestational weight gain: A mixed methods evaluation. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(569), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04034-7.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04034-7"},{"issue":"2","key":"3684_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1111\/mcn.12135","volume":"12","author":"M Graham","year":"2016","unstructured":"Graham, M., Uesugi, K., & Olson, C. (2016). Barriers to weight-related health behaviours: A qualitative comparison of the socioecological conditions between pregnant and post-partum low-income women. Maternal & Child Nutrition, 12(2), 349\u2013361. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/mcn.12135.","journal-title":"Maternal & Child Nutrition"},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.12.016","volume":"113","author":"PM Guenther","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guenther, P. M., Casavale, K. O., Reedy, J., Kirkpatrick, S. I., Hiza, H. A. B., Kuczynski, K. J., & Krebs-Smith, S. M. (2013). Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2010. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 113(4), 569\u2013580. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jand.2012.12.016.","journal-title":"Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30108-5","volume":"5","author":"M Hanson","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hanson, M., Barker, M., Dodd, J. M., Kumanyika, S., Norris, S., Steegers, E., & Yang, H. (2017). Interventions to prevent maternal obesity before conception, during pregnancy, and post partum. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 5(1), 65\u201376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2213-8587(16)30108-5.","journal-title":"The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.11.012","volume":"64","author":"AL Harrison","year":"2018","unstructured":"Harrison, A. L., Taylor, N. F., Shields, N., & Frawley, H. C. (2018). Attitudes, barriers and enablers to physical activity in pregnant women: A systematic review. Journal of Physiotherapy, 64(1), 24\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jphys.2017.11.012.","journal-title":"Journal of Physiotherapy"},{"issue":"6","key":"3684_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1037\/a0025132","volume":"30","author":"WL Heppner","year":"2011","unstructured":"Heppner, W. L., Ji, L., Reitzel, L. R., Reitzel, L., Castro, Y., Correa-Fernandez, V., & Wetter, D. (2011). The role of prepartum motivation in the maintenance of postpartum smoking abstinence. Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association, 30(6), 736\u2013745. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/a0025132.","journal-title":"Health Psychology: Official Journal of the Division of Health Psychology American Psychological Association"},{"key":"3684_CR27","volume-title":"Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines","year":"2009","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine (US) and National Research Council (US) Committee to Reexamine IOM Pregnancy Weight Guidelines. (2009). In K. M. Rasmussen, & A. L. Yaktine (Eds.), Weight gain during pregnancy: Reexamining the Guidelines. Washington DC: National Academies Press (US)."},{"issue":"6","key":"3684_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2988","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph18062988","volume":"18","author":"YJ Jeong","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jeong, Y. J., Nho, J. H., Kim, Y., H., & Young, Kim, J. (2021). Factors influencing quality of life in early postpartum women. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), 2988. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph18062988.","journal-title":"International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"969","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828aea03","volume":"121","author":"J Johnson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Johnson, J., Clifton, R. G., Roberts, J. M., Myatt, L., Hauth, J. C., Spong, C. Y., & Sorokin, Y. (2013). Pregnancy outcomes with Weight Gain above or below the 2009 Institute of Medicine Guidelines. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 121(5), 969\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31828aea03.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.21022","volume":"23","author":"H Kirkegaard","year":"2015","unstructured":"Kirkegaard, H., Stovring, H., Rasmussen, K. M., Abrams, B., S\u00f8rensen, T. I. A., & Nohr, E. A. (2015). Maternal weight change from prepregnancy to 7 years postpartum-the influence of behavioral factors. Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.), 23(4), 870\u2013878. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/oby.21022.","journal-title":"Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)"},{"issue":"10","key":"3684_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2465","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1485-0","volume":"18","author":"C Lucas","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lucas, C., Charlton, K. E., & Yeatman, H. (2014). Nutrition advice during pregnancy: Do women receive it and can Health Professionals provide it? Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18(10), 2465\u20132478. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-014-1485-0.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"648","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2679-7","volume":"23","author":"S Lyons","year":"2019","unstructured":"Lyons, S., Currie, S., & Smith, D. M. (2019). Learning from women with a body Mass Index (Bmi) \u2265 30 kg\/m2 who have breastfed and\/or are breastfeeding: A qualitative interview study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23(5), 648\u2013656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-018-2679-7.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"3684_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"MacMillan Uribe, A. L., & Olson, B. H. (2018). Exploring Healthy Eating and Exercise Behaviors among low-income breastfeeding mothers. Journal of Human Lactation, 089033441876879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0890334418768792.","DOI":"10.1177\/0890334418768792"},{"issue":"3","key":"3684_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm8030324","volume":"8","author":"J Mart\u00ednez-Galiano","year":"2019","unstructured":"Mart\u00ednez-Galiano, J., Hern\u00e1ndez-Mart\u00ednez, A., Rodr\u00edguez-Almagro, J., & Delgado-Rodr\u00edguez, M. (2019). Quality of life of women after giving birth: Associated factors related with the birth process. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 8(3), 324. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm8030324.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.129","volume":"37","author":"LJ Moran","year":"2013","unstructured":"Moran, L. J., Sui, Z., Cramp, C. S., & Dodd, J. M. (2013). A decrease in diet quality occurs during pregnancy in overweight and obese women which is maintained post-partum. International Journal of Obesity, 37(5), 704\u2013711. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ijo.2012.129.","journal-title":"International Journal of Obesity"},{"key":"3684_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Mu\u00f1oz-Manrique, C., Trejo-Valdivia, B., Hern\u00e1ndez-Cordero, S., Cantoral, A., Deierlein, A. L., Colicino, E., & T\u00e9llez-Rojo, M. M. (2022). Weight gain trajectories patterns from pregnancy to early postpartum: Identifying women at risk and timing to prevent weight regain. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(811), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-05154-4.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05154-4"},{"key":"3684_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.111.015289","volume":"5","author":"I Nehring","year":"2011","unstructured":"Nehring, I., Schmoll, S., Beyerlein, A., Hauner, H., & von Kries, R. (2011). Gestational weight gain and long-term postpartum weight retention: A meta-analysis. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 5, 1225\u20131231. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.111.015289.","journal-title":"The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition"},{"issue":"3","key":"3684_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.05.016","volume":"37","author":"T \u00d8stbye","year":"2009","unstructured":"\u00d8stbye, T., Krause, K. M., Lovelady, C. A., Morey, M. C., Bastian, L. A., Peterson, B. L., & McBride, C. M. (2009). Active mothers Postpartum. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 37(3), 173\u2013180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amepre.2009.05.016.","journal-title":"American Journal of Preventive Medicine"},{"key":"3684_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Paskiewicz, L. S. (2001). Pregnant Adolescents and Their Mothers. MCN, The American Journal of Maternal\/Child Nursing, 26(1), 33\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005721-200101000-00009","DOI":"10.1097\/00005721-200101000-00009"},{"key":"3684_CR41","volume-title":"Qualitative research and evaluation methods","author":"M Patton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Patton, M. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications."},{"key":"3684_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Powell, L. M., Auld, M. C., Chaloupka, F. J., O\u2019Malley, P. M., & Johnston, L. D. (2007). Access to fast food and food prices: relationship with fruit and vegetable consumption and overweight among adolescents. Advances in Health Economics and Health Services Research, 17, 23\u201348. Retrieved from http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/19548547","DOI":"10.1016\/S0731-2199(06)17002-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-016-0908-x","volume":"16","author":"M Saligheh","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saligheh, M., McNamara, B., & Rooney, R. (2016). Perceived barriers and enablers of physical activity in postpartum women: A qualitative approach. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 16(1), 131. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-016-0908-x.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-240x(200008)23:4<334::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-g.","volume":"23","author":"M Sandelowski","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sandelowski, M. (2000). Whatever happened to qualitative description? Research in Nursing & Health, 23(4), 334\u2013340. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/1098-240x(200008)23:4<334::aid-nur9>3.0.co;2-g..","journal-title":"Research in Nursing & Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-78","volume":"12","author":"H Skouteris","year":"2012","unstructured":"Skouteris, H., McCabe, M., Milgrom, J., Kent, B., Bruce, L. J., Mihalopoulos, C., & Gale, J. (2012). Protocol for a randomized controlled trial of a specialized health coaching intervention to prevent excessive gestational weight gain and postpartum weight retention in women: The HIPP study. Bmc Public Health, 12(1), 78. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-12-78.","journal-title":"Bmc Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1080\/21640599.2012.701373","volume":"1","author":"B Smith","year":"2012","unstructured":"Smith, B., & Caddick, N. (2012). Qualitative methods in sport: A concise overview for guiding social scientific sport research. Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science, 1(1), 60\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21640599.2012.701373.","journal-title":"Asia Pacific Journal of Sport and Social Science"},{"key":"3684_CR47","first-page":"103","volume-title":"Routledge Handbook of qualitative research in Sport and Exercise","author":"B Smith","year":"2017","unstructured":"Smith, B., & Sparkes, A. (2017). Interviews: Qualitative interviewing in the sport and exercise sciences. In B. Smith, & A. Sparkes (Eds.), Routledge Handbook of qualitative research in Sport and Exercise (pp. 103\u2013123). London: Routledge."},{"key":"3684_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0276","author":"J Stubert","year":"2018","unstructured":"Stubert, J., Reister, F., Hartmann, S., & Janni, W. (2018). The Risks Associated with obesity in pregnancy. Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3238\/arztebl.2018.0276.","journal-title":"Deutsches Aerzteblatt Online"},{"issue":"11","key":"3684_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.4066\/AMJ.2013.1881","volume":"6","author":"Z Sui","year":"2013","unstructured":"Sui, Z., Turnbull, D., & Dodd, J. (2013). Enablers of and barriers to making healthy change during pregnancy in overweight and obese women. The Australasian Medical Journal, 6(11), 565\u2013577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4066\/AMJ.2013.1881.","journal-title":"The Australasian Medical Journal"},{"key":"3684_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valla, L., Helsketh, S., Cvancarova Sm\u00e5stuen, M., Misv\u00e6r, N., & Anden\u00e6s, R. (2022). Factors associated with maternal overall quality of life six months postpartum: A cross sectional study from the Norweigan Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(4), https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-04303-5.","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-04303-5"},{"issue":"4","key":"3684_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cct.2012.03.006","volume":"33","author":"KK Vesco","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vesco, K. K., Karanja, N., King, J. C., Gillman, M. W., Perrin, N., McEvoy, C., & Stevens, V. J. (2012). Healthy moms, a randomized trial to promote and evaluate weight maintenance among obese pregnant women: Study design and rationale. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 33(4), 777\u2013785. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cct.2012.03.006.","journal-title":"Contemporary Clinical Trials"},{"issue":"5","key":"3684_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1177\/0193945911403775","volume":"34","author":"LO Walker","year":"2012","unstructured":"Walker, L. O., Sterling, B. S., Latimer, L., Kim, S. H., Garcia, A. A., & Fowles, E. R. (2012). Ethnic-specific weight-loss interventions for low-income Postpartum Women. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 34(5), 654\u2013676. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/0193945911403775.","journal-title":"Western Journal of Nursing Research"},{"issue":"1","key":"3684_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-10-18","volume":"10","author":"Z Weir","year":"2010","unstructured":"Weir, Z., Bush, J., Robson, S. C., McParlin, C., Rankin, J., & Bell, R. (2010). Physical activity in pregnancy: A qualitative study of the beliefs of overweight and obese pregnant women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 10(1), 18. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-10-18.","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"key":"3684_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12193","volume":"28","author":"SA Wilkinson","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wilkinson, S. A., van der Pligt, P., Gibbons, K. S., & McIntyre, H. D. (2015). Trial for reducing Weight Retention in New Mums: A randomised controlled trial evaluating a low intensity, postpartum weight management programme. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 28, 15\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jhn.12193.","journal-title":"Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics"},{"key":"3684_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhang, C., & Ning, Y. (2011). Effect of dietary and lifestyle factors on the risk of gestational diabetes: review of epidemiologic evidence. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 94(6 Suppl), 1975S-1979S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3945\/ajcn.110.001032","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.001032"},{"key":"3684_CR38","unstructured":"NHS Digital (2017). Health Survey for England 2016: Adult overweight and obesity. Retrieved April 24, 2019, from http:\/\/healthsurvey.hscic.gov.uk\/media\/63745\/HSE2016-Adult-obe.pdf"},{"key":"3684_CR55","unstructured":"World Health Organisation (2018). Healthy diet. Retrieved March 5, 2020, from https:\/\/www.who.int\/en\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/healthy-diet"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,10]],"date-time":"2023-10-10T11:07:27Z","timestamp":1696936047000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11]]}},"alternative-id":["3684"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-023-03684-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 May 2023","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"14 June 2023","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the appropriate ethics committee and has been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics Approval"}},{"value":"All persons gave their informed consent prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}