{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T07:00:00Z","timestamp":1793948400157,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"name":"MRC","award":["MR\/T037962\/1"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["MR\/T037962\/1"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005039","name":"Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005039","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Maternal mortality remains an unfinished global agenda and postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) remains one of the leading causes. The aims of this study were to describe the incidence, underlying causes, and case fatality rate of PPH in public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>This study was part of a larger Ethiopian Obstetric Surveillance System (EthOSS) project \u2014 a multicenter surveillance of women admitted to 13 public hospitals in eastern Ethiopia due to any of the five major obstetric conditions:\u00a0obstetric hemorrhage, eclampsia, uterine rupture, sepsis, and severe anemia \u2013 conducted from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2022. All registers in maternity units of those hospitals were reviewed to identify eligible women and collect data on sociodemographic and obstetric characteristics, management and maternal outcomes at discharge or death. Findings were reported using descriptive statistics.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Among 38,782 births registered during the study period, 2043 women were admitted with at least one of the five major obstetric conditions. Of these 2043, 306 women (15%) had PPH corresponding with an incidence rate of 8 (95% CI: 7\u20139) per 1000 births. Uterine atony was the main underlying cause in 77%; 81% of women with PPH received at least one uterotonic drug, and 72% of women for whom blood was requested received at least one unit. Of the 70 hospital based maternal deaths, 19 (27%) died from PPH, making a case fatality rate of 6 per 100.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Although the overall incidence of PPH appeared low, it was still the underlying cause of death in one out of four women who died. The contributing factors might be that one in five women with PPH did not receive any uterotonic drug and the low blood transfusion. Ongoing audit, followed by targeted action, is essential to improve care quality and reduce adverse maternal outcome. The relatively low incidence may reflect under-recording in paper-based records, implying that further research into methods to optimize the surveillance is needed.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T09:02:54Z","timestamp":1726736574000},"page":"2106-2114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Incidence, Causes and Outcomes of Postpartum Hemorrhage in Eastern Ethiopia: A Multicenter Surveillance Study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"28","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3858-190X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sagni","family":"Girma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abera Kenay","family":"Tura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Redwan","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marian","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"van den Akker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"3986_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Abera, K. T., Sagni, G., Yadeta, D., Delayehu, B., Jelle, S., Thomas, A., & The Ethiopian Obstetric Surveillance System Steering Committee. (2023). On behalf of. Establishing the Ethiopian obstetric surveillance system for monitoring maternal outcomes in Eastern Ethiopia: A pilot study. J Global Health: Science Practice, 11(2).","DOI":"10.9745\/GHSP-D-22-00281"},{"key":"3986_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Abera, K.T., Knight, M., Sagni, G., Redwan, A., Mohammed, Y., Delayehu,B., Tahir,A.H., Stekelenburg,Y., & Van den Akker,T. (2023b). Characteristics and outcomes of pregnant women hospitalized with severe maternal outcomes in eastern Ethiopia: Results from the Ethiopian Obstetric Surveillance System study. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 1\u20137. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.15240","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.15240"},{"key":"3986_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Tura AK, Aboul-Ela Y, Fage SG, Ahmed SS, Scherjon S, van Roosmalen J, Stekelenburg J, Zwart J, van den Akker T.(2020). Introduction of Criterion-based audit of postpartum hemorrhage in a University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: Implementation and methodological considerations. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17, 9281. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph17249281","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17249281"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.26911\/thejmch.2021.06.06.12","volume":"6","author":"G Achamyelesh","year":"2021","unstructured":"Achamyelesh, G., & Nebiyu, M. (2021). Factors of primary postpartum hemorrhage among women delivered at Yirgalem General Hospital Southern, Ethiopia: A case control study. Journal of Maternal and Child Health, 6(6), 739\u2013748.","journal-title":"Journal of Maternal and Child Health"},{"key":"3986_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233339282110627","DOI":"10.1177\/23333928211062777","volume":"8","author":"T Amanuel","year":"2021","unstructured":"Amanuel, T., Dache, A., & Dona, A. (2021). Postpartum hemorrhage and its associated factors among women who gave birth at Yirgalem General Hospital, Sidama Regional State, Ethiopia. Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology, 8, 23333928211062777.","journal-title":"Health Services Research and Managerial Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.11.003","volume":"43","author":"M Andrikopoulou","year":"2019","unstructured":"Andrikopoulou, M., & D\u2019Alton, M. E. (2019). Postpartum hemorrhage: Early identification challenges. Seminars in Perinatology, 43(1), 11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.semperi.2018.11.003","journal-title":"Seminars in Perinatology"},{"key":"3986_CR7","unstructured":"Ashford, L. S. (2002). Hidden suffering: Disabilities from pregnancy and childbirth in less developed countries. Retrieved from: http:\/\/www.prb.org\/pdf\/hiddensufferingeng.pdf"},{"key":"3986_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Asrat, H. D., & Shimeles, B. Z. (2021). Postpartum haemorrhage and associated factors among mothers who gave birth in South Gondar Zone public health facilities, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Postgraduate Medical Journal, postgradmedj\u20132020. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139382","DOI":"10.1136\/postgradmedj-2020-139382"},{"issue":"8","key":"3986_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12705","volume":"113","author":"L Barro","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barro, L., Drew, V. J., Poda, G. G., Tagny, C. T., El-Ekiaby, M., Owusu-Ofori, S., & Burnouf, T. (2018). Blood transfusion in sub-saharan Africa: Understanding the missing gap and responding to present and future challenges. Vox Sanguinis, 113(8), 726\u2013736. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.12705","journal-title":"Vox Sanguinis"},{"issue":"11","key":"3986_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1331","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01866.x","volume":"115","author":"I Bates","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bates, I., Chapotera, G. K., McKew, S., & van den Broek, N. (2008). Maternal mortality in sub-saharan Africa: The contribution of ineffective blood transfusion services. Bjog, 115(11), 1331\u20131339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2008.01866.x","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-020-02971-3","volume":"20","author":"SF Bell","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bell, S. F., Watkins, A., John, M., Macgillivray, E., Kitchen, T. L., James, D., & Collins, P. W. (2020). Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage defined by quantitative blood loss measurement: A national cohort. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 20(1), 271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-020-02971-3","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0266345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266345","volume":"17","author":"T Bewket","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bewket, T., Ensieh, F., Gayle, M., & Virginia, P. (2022a). Incidence, mortality, and factors associated with primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia. PloS One, 17(4), e0266345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0266345","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"3986_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bewket, T., Ensieh, F., Virginia, P., & Gayle, M. (2022b).\u00a0Barriers to effective management of primary postpartum haemorrhage following in-hospital births in northwest Ethiopia: healthcare providers\u2019 views using a qualitative approach. BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 22(1), 755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-022-05071-6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-022-05071-6"},{"key":"3986_CR14","unstructured":"Bibi, S., Danish, N., Fawad, A., & Jamil, M. (2007). An audit of primary post partum hemorrhage. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad, 19(4), 102\u2013106."},{"key":"3986_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Biruk, A. K., Ritbano, A. A., Abebe, A. A., & Beminet, M. G. (2019). Prevalence and predictors of primary postpartum hemorrhage: An implication for designing effective intervention at selected hospitals, Southern Ethiopia. PloS one, 14(10), e0224579. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0224579","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0224579"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004","volume":"22","author":"G Carroli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carroli, G., Cuesta, C., Abalos, E., & Gulmezoglu, A. M. (2008). Epidemiology of postpartum haemorrhage: A systematic review. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 22(6), 999\u20131012. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2008.08.004","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1093\/intqhc\/mzr042","volume":"23","author":"C Dupont","year":"2011","unstructured":"Dupont, C., Deneux-Tharaux, C., Touzet, S., Colin, C., Bouvier-Colle, M. H., Lansac, J., & Rudigoz, R. C. (2011). Clinical audit: A useful tool for reducing severe postpartum haemorrhages? International Journal for Quality in Health Care, 23(5), 583\u2013589. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/intqhc\/mzr042","journal-title":"International Journal for Quality in Health Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"3986_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.14116","volume":"157","author":"MF Escobar","year":"2022","unstructured":"Escobar, M. F., Nassar, A. H., Theron, G., Barnea, E. R., Nicholson, W., Ramasauskaite, D., & Nasner, D. (2022). FIGO recommendations on the management of postpartum hemorrhage 2022. International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, 157(Suppl 1), 3\u201350. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.14116. Suppl 1.","journal-title":"International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"3986_CR18","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI) (2020). National Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) System Annual Report 2012 EFY. Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia."},{"key":"3986_CR17","unstructured":"Ethiopian Public Health Institute (EPHI). (2017). National technical guidance for maternal and perinatal death surveillance and response. Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia."},{"key":"3986_CR22","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (FMoH). (2021a). Obstetrics management protocol for hospitals. Federal Ministry of Health of Health of Ethiopia."},{"key":"3986_CR23","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (FMoH). (2021b). Health sector transformation plan II,2020\/21\u20132024\/2025 (2013\u20132017 EFY). Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia."},{"key":"3986_CR24","unstructured":"Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia (FMoH). (2022). National guideline on prevention and management of postpartum hemorrhage. Federal Ministry of Health of Ethiopia."},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR20","first-page":"100740","volume":"5","author":"JJ Federspiel","year":"2023","unstructured":"Federspiel, J. J., Eke, A. C., & Eppes, C. S. (2023). Postpartum hemorrhage protocols and benchmarks: Improving care through standardization. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 5(2), 100740.","journal-title":"American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"10","key":"3986_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.2471\/blt.13.117564","volume":"91","author":"T Firoz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Firoz, T., Chou, D., von Dadelszen, P., Agrawal, P., Vanderkruik, R., Tun\u00e7alp, O., & Maternal Morbidity Working, G. (2013). Measuring maternal health: Focus on maternal morbidity. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 91(10), 794\u2013796. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2471\/blt.13.117564","journal-title":"Bulletin of the World Health Organization"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2303966","volume":"389","author":"I Gallos","year":"2023","unstructured":"Gallos, I., Devall, A., Martin, J., Middleton, L., Beeson, L., Galadanci, H., & Moran, N. (2023). Randomized trial of early detection and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage. New England Journal of Medicine, 389(1), 11\u201321.","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"3986_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Getie, A., & Wondmieneh, A. (2020). Blood donation practice and associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2020, 8852342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2020\/8852342","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/8852342"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"618","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-019-4646-9","volume":"12","author":"D Habitamu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Habitamu, D., Goshu, Y. A., & Zeleke, L. B. (2019). The magnitude and associated factors of postpartum hemorrhage among mothers who delivered at Debre Tabor general hospital 2018. BMC Research Notes, 12(1), 618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13104-019-4646-9","journal-title":"BMC Research Notes"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1097\/aco.0000000000000717","volume":"32","author":"N Higgins","year":"2019","unstructured":"Higgins, N., Patel, S. K., & Toledo, P. (2019). Postpartum hemorrhage revisited: New challenges and solutions. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 32(3), 278\u2013284. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/aco.0000000000000717","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01360-7","volume":"19","author":"N Jemberu","year":"2022","unstructured":"Jemberu, N., Bekahegn, G., Alemayehu, M., Takla, T., & Ruth, T. (2022). Magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage and its associated factors in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reprod Health, 19(1), 63. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-022-01360-7","journal-title":"Reprod Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"3986_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.03.002","volume":"27","author":"M Knight","year":"2013","unstructured":"Knight, M., & Lindquist, A. (2013). The UK Obstetric Surveillance System: Impact on patient safety. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol, 27(4), 621\u2013630. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2013.03.002","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1097\/grf.0000000000000352","volume":"61","author":"M Knight","year":"2018","unstructured":"Knight, M., & Tuffnell, D. (2018). A View from the UK: The UK and Ireland Confidential Enquiry into maternal deaths and morbidity. Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, 61(2), 347\u2013358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/grf.0000000000000352","journal-title":"Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"3986_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00609.x","volume":"112","author":"M Knight","year":"2005","unstructured":"Knight, M., Kurinczuk, J. J., Tuffnell, D., & Brocklehurst, P. (2005). The UK Obstetric Surveillance System for raredisorders of pregnancy. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 112(3), 263\u2013265.","journal-title":"BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-021-03818-1","volume":"21","author":"CN Liu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Liu, C. N., Yu, F. B., Xu, Y. Z., Li, J. S., Guan, Z. H., Sun, M. N., & Chen, D. J. (2021). Prevalence and risk factors of severe postpartum hemorrhage: A retrospective cohort study. Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth, 21(1), 332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-021-03818-1","journal-title":"Bmc Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"3986_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.14178","volume":"124","author":"E Mavrides","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mavrides, E., Chandraharan, A. S., Collins, E., Green, P., Hunt, L., Riris, B. J., & Thomson, S. AJ (2016). Prevention and Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: Green-top Guideline 52. Bjog, 124(5), e106\u2013e149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/1471-0528.14178","journal-title":"Bjog"},{"key":"3986_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Moodley, J., Pattinson, R. C., Fawcus, S., Schoon, M., Moran, N., Shweni, P., & Africa, N. C. (2014). o. C. E. i. M. D. i. S. The confidential enquiry into maternal deaths in S outh A frica: a case study. BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 121, 53\u201360.","DOI":"10.1111\/1471-0528.12869"},{"key":"3986_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S119232","volume":"8","author":"S Ngwenya","year":"2016","unstructured":"Ngwenya, S. (2016). Postpartum hemorrhage: Incidence, risk factors, and outcomes in a low-resource setting. Int J Womens Health, 8, 647.","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"key":"3986_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.2147\/jbm.s17194","volume":"2","author":"E Osaro","year":"2011","unstructured":"Osaro, E., & Charles, A. T. (2011). The challenges of meeting the blood transfusion requirements in Sub-saharan Africa: The need for the development of alternatives to allogenic blood. J Blood Med, 2, 7\u201321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/jbm.s17194","journal-title":"J Blood Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00294-0","volume":"71","author":"W Prasertcharoensuk","year":"2000","unstructured":"Prasertcharoensuk, W., Swadpanich, U., & Lumbiganon, P. (2000). Accuracy of the blood loss estimation in the third stage of labor. International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 71(1), 69\u201370.","journal-title":"International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.1996.tb03273.x","volume":"36","author":"K Razvi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Razvi, K., Chua, S., Arulkumaran, S., & Ratnam, S. (1996). A comparison between visual estimation and laboratory detennination of blood loss during the third stage of labour. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 36(2), 152\u2013154.","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"6","key":"3986_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e323","DOI":"10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70227-x","volume":"2","author":"L Say","year":"2014","unstructured":"Say, L., Chou, D., Gemmill, A., Tun\u00e7alp, \u00d6., Moller, A. B., Daniels, J., & Alkema, L. (2014). Global causes of maternal death: A WHO systematic analysis. Lancet Glob Health, 2(6), e323\u2013333. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s2214-109x(14)70227-x","journal-title":"Lancet Glob Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"3986_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e287","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(22)00518-6","volume":"11","author":"AR Seim","year":"2023","unstructured":"Seim, A. R., Alassoum, Z., Souley, I., Bronzan, R., Mounkaila, A., & Ahmed, L. A. (2023). The effects of a peripartum strategy to prevent and treat primary postpartum haemorrhage at health facilities in Niger: A longitudinal, 72-month study. The Lancet Global Health, 11(2), e287\u2013e295.","journal-title":"The Lancet Global Health"},{"issue":"658","key":"3986_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp17X690845","volume":"67","author":"J Shakespeare","year":"2017","unstructured":"Shakespeare, J., & Knight, M. (2017). The Confidential Enquiry into maternal deaths 2015: Lessons for GPs. British Journal of General Practice, 67(658), 233\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp17X690845","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"key":"3986_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S300143","volume":"13","author":"M Sinetibeb","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sinetibeb, M., Merga, D., Sagni, G. F., & Abera, K. T. (2021). Assessment of Postpartum Hemorrhage in a University Hospital in Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. Int J Womens Health, 13, 663\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/IJWH.S300143","journal-title":"Int J Womens Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2034136","DOI":"10.1080\/16549716.2022.2034136","volume":"15","author":"JB S\u00f8rensen","year":"2022","unstructured":"S\u00f8rensen, J. B., Housseine, N., Maal\u00f8e, N., Bygbjerg, I. C., Pinkowski Tersb\u00f8l, B., Konradsen, F., & Kidanto, L., H (2022). Scaling up locally adapted clinical practice guidelines for improving Childbirth Care in Tanzania: A protocol for Programme Theory and qualitative methods of the PartoMa scale-up study. Global Health Action, 15(1), 2034136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/16549716.2022.2034136","journal-title":"Global Health Action"},{"key":"3986_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Souza, J. P., G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M., Vogel, J., Carroli, G., Lumbiganon, P., & Qureshi, Z. (2013). e. a. Moving beyond essential interventions for reduction of maternal mortality (the WHO Multicountry Survey on Maternal and Newborn Health): a cross-sectional study. Lancet, 381(9879), 1747\u20131755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)60686-8","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(13)60686-8"},{"issue":"1","key":"3986_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-022-01498-4","volume":"19","author":"T Tadesse","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tadesse, T., Getahun, F., Edgeit, A. Z., Merga, B., & Tafese, D. J. (2022). Magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage and associated factors among women who gave birth in Ethiopia: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Reproductive Health, 19(1), 194. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-022-01498-4","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"10","key":"3986_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2526","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.14219","volume":"57","author":"A Taye Makuria","year":"2017","unstructured":"Taye Makuria, A., Gebremichael, D., Demoz, H., Hadush, A., Abdella, Y., Berhane, Y., & Kamani, N. (2017). Obstetric hemorrhage and safe blood for transfusion in Ethiopia: The challenges of bridging the gap. Transfusion, 57(10), 2526\u20132531. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/trf.14219","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"issue":"391","key":"3986_CR48","first-page":"2167","volume":"6","author":"M Temesgen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Temesgen, M. (2017). Magnitude of postpartum hemorrhage among women delivered at Dessie referral hospital, South Woll, Amhara region, Ethiopia. J Women\u2019s Health Care, 6(391), 2167\u201304201000391.","journal-title":"J Women\u2019s Health Care"},{"issue":"10","key":"3986_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1104","DOI":"10.1111\/aogs.12950","volume":"95","author":"G van Stralen","year":"2016","unstructured":"van Stralen, G., von Schmidt auf Altenstadt, J. F., Bloemenkamp, K. W., van Roosmalen, J., & Hukkelhoven, C. W. (2016). Increasing incidence of postpartum hemorrhage: The Dutch piece of the puzzle. Acta Obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica, 95(10), 1104\u20131110.","journal-title":"Acta Obstetricia et gynecologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"3986_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Willcox, M. L., Price, J., Scott, S., Nicholson, B. D., Stuart, B., Roberts, N. W., & Harnden, A. (2020). Death audits and reviews for reducing maternal, perinatal and child mortality. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(3).","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012982.pub2"},{"key":"3986_CR53","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO) (2023b). Trends in maternal mortality 2000 to 2020: estimates by WHO, UNICEF, UNFPA, World Bank Group and UNDESA\/Population Division. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2023. Licence: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO."},{"key":"3986_CR50","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2012). WHO Guidelines approved by the guidelines Review Committee. WHO recommendations for the Prevention and Treatment of Postpartum Haemorrhage. World Health Organization."},{"key":"3986_CR51","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2018). WHO recommendations: Uterotonics for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage. World Health Organization."},{"key":"3986_CR52","unstructured":"World Health Organization (WHO). (2023). A roadmap to combat postpartum haemorrhage between 2023 and 2030. World Health Organization."},{"issue":"10377","key":"3986_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)00385-9","volume":"401","author":"J Zarocostas","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zarocostas, J. (2023). Global maternal mortality rates stagnating. The Lancet, 401(10377), 632.","journal-title":"The Lancet"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T16:07:49Z","timestamp":1731600469000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3986"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03986-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"assertion":[{"value":"3 September 2024","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"19 September 2024","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declaration"}},{"value":"The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki. The study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Health Research Ethics Review Committee of the College of Health and Medical Sciences of Haramaya University, Ethiopia (Ref No. IHRERC\/024\/2021); and the University of Oxford\u2019s Oxford Tropical Research Ethics Committee (OxTREC); (Reference 530\u2009\u2212\u200921). Informed consent for the study was obtained from medical directors and heads of maternity units of each hospital. This study is based on a review of case files after a woman\u2019s discharge or death, and therefore the need for consent from individual woman was waived.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"This study is based on a review of case files after a woman\u2019s discharge or death, and therefore, the need for consent from individual woman was waived. The facility\u2019s consent to be part of the study was signed by the medical director and the head of the maternity unit of each of the respective hospitals. Data collectors also signed data privacy consent forms to keep confidentiality of the information they accessed during data abstraction.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of Interest"}}]}}