{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T10:25:10Z","timestamp":1792751110163,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738540800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100019415","name":"Elizabeth Blackwell Institute for Health Research, University of Bristol","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Funded whole or in part by the Wellcome Trust 204813\/Z\/16\/Z"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Funded whole or in part by the Wellcome Trust 204813\/Z\/16\/Z"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100019415","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000724","name":"The Health Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["Innovating for Improvement"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Innovating for Improvement"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000724","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antenatal education (ANE) equips pregnant women with knowledge and skills for pregnancy, birth, and the postnatal period. It should facilitate preparation for the whole spectrum of the maternal journey and empower women to make informed decisions. This study aimed to explore the antenatal education needs and preferences of women who are currently pregnant or planning a pregnancy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A UK wide cross-sectional survey was conducted (September 2019 to July 2020), recruiting women living in the UK, above 16, who were currently pregnant or planning a pregnancy. The survey gathered demographic information, details of current or planned class attendance, preferred ANE providers and desired skills and information. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively, and free-text responses underwent thematic analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Of 553 participants included in the analyses, 77% preferred free National Health Service (NHS) classes and 60% planned to attend multiple class types, including paid options. Participants valued practical skills, particularly for labour and the postpartum period, and actively sought perinatal social networks. Multiparous women were less likely to attend classes, citing prior experience or practical barriers. Despite high interest in NHS classes, regional variations in availability and limited accessibility were noted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>NHS antenatal classes are a trusted source of ANE, forming a core element of many women\u2019s antenatal journey. However, inconsistent provision highlights the need for a standardised, comprehensive curriculum. Flexible delivery models and tailored content are crucial to address diverse needs, particularly for multiparous women and underrepresented groups. Enhanced accessibility could reduce inequalities in ANE provision and improve maternal outcomes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]],"date-time":"2025-02-03T15:26:06Z","timestamp":1738596366000},"page":"324-337","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["What Do Antenatal Women Want From Their Antenatal Education? A National Survey"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8316-7943","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eva","family":"Larkai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0743-6547","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna","family":"Davies","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Toolan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary","family":"Lynch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9908-0773","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rachel","family":"Plachcinski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3304-7000","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael","family":"Larkin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Fraser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christy","family":"Burden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0352-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abi","family":"Merriel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.12968\/ajmw.2018.0038","volume":"14","author":"I Ademuyiwa","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ademuyiwa, I. (2020). Social support and satisfaction with antenatal care services among pregnant women in Lagos State, Nigeria. African Journal of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health (AJM), 14(1), 1\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/ajmw.2018.0038","journal-title":"African Journal of Midwifery and Women\u2019s Health (AJM)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.21.1.11","volume":"21","author":"A Ahlden","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ahlden, A., Ahlehagen, S., Dahlgren, L. O., & Josefsson, A. (2012). Parents\u2019 expectations about participating in antenatal parenthood education classes. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 21(1), 11\u201317. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1058-1243.21.1.11","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"key":"4048_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205520761877175","DOI":"10.1177\/2055207618771757","volume":"4","author":"D Arigo","year":"2018","unstructured":"Arigo, D., Pagoto, S., Carter-Harris, L., Lillie, S. E., & Nebeker, C. (2018). Using social media for health research: Methodological and ethical considerations for recruitment and intervention delivery. Digit Health, 4, 2055207618771757. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2055207618771757","journal-title":"Digit Health"},{"issue":"603","key":"4048_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e671","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp12X656801","volume":"62","author":"L Ban","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ban, L., Gibson, J. E., West, J., Fiaschi, L., Oates, M. R., & Tata, L. J. (2012). Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on maternal perinatal mental illnesses presenting to UK general practice. British Journal of General Practice, 62(603), e671-678. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3399\/bjgp12X656801","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-1-1997025719.x","volume":"25","author":"L Barclay","year":"1997","unstructured":"Barclay, L., Everitt, L., Rogan, F., Schmied, V., & Wyllie, A. (1997). Becoming a mother\u2013an analysis of women\u2019s experience of early motherhood. Journal Advanced Nursing, 25(4), 719\u2013728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2648.1997.t01-1-1997025719.x","journal-title":"Journal Advanced Nursing"},{"issue":"2","key":"4048_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","volume":"3","author":"V Braun","year":"2006","unstructured":"Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","journal-title":"Qualitative Research in Psychology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-015-0010-x","volume":"4","author":"CS Brixval","year":"2015","unstructured":"Brixval, C. S., Axelsen, S. F., Lauemoller, S. G., Andersen, S. K., Due, P., & Koushede, V. (2015). The effect of antenatal education in small classes on obstetric and psycho-social outcomes - a systematic review. Systematic Reviews, 4(1), 20. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13643-015-0010-x","journal-title":"Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"4048_CR8","unstructured":"Care Quality Commission (CQC). (2020). 2019 survey of women\u2019s experiences of maternity care: statistical release. https:\/\/www.cqc.org.uk\/sites\/default\/files\/20200128_mat19_statisticalrelease.pdf"},{"key":"4048_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-024-07066-x","volume":"24","author":"A Davies","year":"2024","unstructured":"Davies, A., Larkin, M., & Willis, L. (2023). A qualitative exploration of women\u2019s expectations of birth and knowledge of birth interventions following antenatal education. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 46, 1121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21203\/rs.3.rs-3271195\/v1","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1624\/105812407X244769","volume":"16","author":"ER Declercq","year":"2007","unstructured":"Declercq, E. R., Sakala, C., Corry, M. P., & Applebaum, S. (2007). Listening to mothers II: Report of the second national U.S. survey of women\u2019s childbearing experiences: Conducted january-february 2006 for childbirth connection by Harris interactive(R) in partnership with Lamaze international. Journal of Perinatal Education, 16(4), 9\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1624\/105812407X244769","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"key":"4048_CR11","unstructured":"Department of Health. (2011). Parents\u2019 views on the maternity journey and early parenthood. Available from: https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/parents-views-on-the-maternity-journey-and-early-parenthood"},{"key":"4048_CR12","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care. (2011). Preparation for Birth and Beyond: A resource pack for leaders of community groups and activities. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/preparation-for-birth-and-beyond-a-resource-pack-for-leaders-of-community-groups-and-activities"},{"issue":"5","key":"4048_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0197791","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0197791","volume":"13","author":"S Downe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Downe, S., Finlayson, K., Oladapo, O. T., Bonet, M., & G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M. (2018). Correction: What matters to women during childbirth: A systematic qualitative review. PLoS One, 13(5), e0197791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0197791","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"4048_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD012392","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012392.pub2","volume":"6","author":"S Downe","year":"2019","unstructured":"Downe, S., Finlayson, K., Tun\u00e7alp, \u00d6., & G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M. (2019). Provision and uptake of routine antenatal services: A qualitative evidence synthesis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 6, CD012392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD012392.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/del432","volume":"22","author":"S Elsenbruch","year":"2007","unstructured":"Elsenbruch, S., Benson, S., Rucke, M., Rose, M., Dudenhausen, J., Pincus-Knackstedt, M. K., Klapp, B. F., & Arck, P. C. (2007). Social support during pregnancy: Effects on maternal depressive symptoms, smoking and pregnancy outcome. Human Reproduction, 22(3), 869\u2013877. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/humrep\/del432","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"issue":"8","key":"4048_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2018.26.8.532","volume":"26","author":"S Esegbona-Adeigbe","year":"2018","unstructured":"Esegbona-Adeigbe, S. (2018). Cultural qualities and antenatal care for black African women: A literature review. British Journal of Midwifery (BJM), 26(8), 532\u2013539. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjom.2018.26.8.532","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery (BJM)"},{"issue":"2","key":"4048_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1037\/0893-3200.22.2.253","volume":"22","author":"ME Feinberg","year":"2008","unstructured":"Feinberg, M. E., & Kan, M. L. (2008). Establishing family foundations: Intervention effects on coparenting, parent\/infant well-being, and parent-child relations. Journal of Family Psychology, 22(2), 253\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/0893-3200.22.2.253","journal-title":"Journal of Family Psychology"},{"key":"4048_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002869","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002869.pub2","volume":"3","author":"AJ Gagnon","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gagnon, A. J., & Sandall, J. (2007). Individual or group antenatal education for childbirth or parenthood, or both. Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews, 3, CD002869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002869.pub2","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"4048_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-015-0657-2","volume":"15","author":"R Garcia","year":"2015","unstructured":"Garcia, R., Ali, N., Papadopoulos, C., & Randhawa, G. (2015). Specific antenatal interventions for black, Asian and minority ethnic (BAME) pregnant women at high risk of poor birth outcomes in the United Kingdom: A scoping review. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 15, 226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-015-0657-2","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"key":"4048_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1728","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728","volume":"9","author":"S Garthus-Niegel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Garthus-Niegel, S., Horsch, A., Handtke, E., von Soest, T., Ayers, S., Weidner, K., & Eberhard-Gran, M. (2018). The impact of postpartum posttraumatic stress and depression symptoms on couples\u2019 relationship satisfaction: A population-based prospective study. Front Psychol, 9, 1728. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fpsyg.2018.01728","journal-title":"Front Psychol"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-018-2049-x","volume":"18","author":"S Ginja","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ginja, S., Coad, J., Bailey, E., Kendall, S., Goodenough, T., Nightingale, S., Smiddy, J., Day, C., Deave, T., & Lingam, R. (2018). Associations between social support, mental wellbeing, self-efficacy and technology use in first-time antenatal women: Data from the BaBBLeS cohort study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth, 18(1), 441. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-018-2049-x","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"},{"issue":"5","key":"4048_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2006.03.007","volume":"51","author":"PL Hall","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hall, P. L., & Wittkowski, A. (2006). An exploration of negative thoughts as a normal phenomenon after childbirth. Journal of Midwifery Womens Health, 51(5), 321\u2013330. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmwh.2006.03.007","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery Womens Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"4048_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","volume":"42","author":"PA Harris","year":"2009","unstructured":"Harris, P. A., Taylor, R., Thielke, R., Payne, J., Gonzalez, N., & Conde, J. G. (2009). Research electronic data capture (REDCap)\u2013a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. Journal of Biomededical Informatics, 42(2), 377\u2013381. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jbi.2008.08.010","journal-title":"Journal of Biomededical Informatics"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1186\/s12905-020-01048-9","volume":"20","author":"R Hassanzadeh","year":"2020","unstructured":"Hassanzadeh, R., Abbas-Alizadeh, F., Meedya, S., Mohammad-Alizadeh-Charandabi, S., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2020). Fear of childbirth, anxiety and depression in three groups of primiparous pregnant women not attending, irregularly attending and regularly attending childbirth preparation classes. BMC Womens Health, 20(1), 180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12905-020-01048-9","journal-title":"BMC Womens Health"},{"key":"4048_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.05.004","volume":"51","author":"L Henriksen","year":"2017","unstructured":"Henriksen, L., Grimsrud, E., Schei, B., Lukasse, M., & Group, B. S. (2017). Factors related to a negative birth experience - a mixed methods study. Midwifery, 51, 33\u201339. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2017.05.004","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2019.27.4.235","volume":"27","author":"C Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, C., Wadephul, F., & Jomeen, J. (2019). Maternal and paternal expectations of antenatal education across the transition to parenthood. British Journal of Midwifery (BJM), 27(4), 235\u2013241. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjom.2019.27.4.235","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery (BJM)"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12223","volume":"63","author":"O Karabulut","year":"2016","unstructured":"Karabulut, O., Coskuner Potur, D., Dogan Merih, Y., Cebeci Mutlu, S., & Demirci, N. (2016). Does antenatal education reduce fear of childbirth? International Nursing Review, 63(1), 60\u201367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/inr.12223","journal-title":"International Nursing Review"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"4048_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03701.x","volume":"21","author":"P Leahy-Warren","year":"2012","unstructured":"Leahy-Warren, P. (2012). First-time mothers: social support, maternal parental self-efficacy and postnatal depression. Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN), 21(3\u20134), 388\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2011.03701.x","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing (JCN)"},{"key":"4048_CR29","unstructured":"Marmot, M. (2010). Fair Society, Healthy Lives: A Strategic Review of Health Inequalities Post-2010. https:\/\/www.instituteofhealthequity.org\/resources-reports\/fair-society-healthy-lives-the-marmot-review"},{"key":"4048_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjoq-2023-002731","author":"A Merriel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Merriel, A., Toolan, M., Lynch, M., Clayton, G., Demetri, A., Willis, L., Mampitiya, N., Clarke, A., Birchenall, K., de Souza, C., Harvey, E., Russell-Webster, T., Larkai, E., Grzeda, M., Rawling, K., Barnfield, S., Smith, M., Plachcinski, R., Burden, C., \u2026 Davies, A. (2024). Codesign and refinement of an optimised antenatal education session to better inform women and prepare them for labour and birth. BMJ Open Quality. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjoq-2023-002731","journal-title":"BMJ Open Quality"},{"issue":"8","key":"4048_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1426","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16081426","volume":"16","author":"J Milgrom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milgrom, J., Hirshler, Y., Reece, J., Holt, C., & Gemmill, A. W. (2019). Social support-a protective factor for depressed perinatal women? International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health, 16(8), 1426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph16081426","journal-title":"International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.007","volume":"31","author":"V Moghaddam Hosseini","year":"2018","unstructured":"Moghaddam Hosseini, V., Nazarzadeh, M., & Jahanfar, S. (2018). Interventions for reducing fear of childbirth: A systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Women Birth, 31(4), 254\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2017.10.007","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2008.06.005","volume":"26","author":"S Murphy Tighe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Murphy Tighe, S. (2010). An exploration of the attitudes of attenders and non-attenders towards antenatal education. Midwifery, 26(3), 294\u2013303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2008.06.005","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"4048_CR34","unstructured":"National Health Service (NHS). (2021). Antenatal classes. https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/pregnancy\/labour-and-birth\/preparing-for-the-birth\/antenatal-classes\/"},{"key":"4048_CR35","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). (2021 ). Antenatal Care. NICE guideline [NG201]. (978\u20131\u20134731\u20134227\u20135). https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/ng201"},{"key":"4048_CR36","unstructured":"NHS. (2021, 17 March 2021). Antenatal classes. Retrieved 01\/09\/2021 from Accessed at: https:\/\/www.nhs.uk\/pregnancy\/labour-and-birth\/preparing-for-the-birth\/antenatal-classes\/"},{"key":"4048_CR37","unstructured":"NHS Digital. (2022). NHS Maternity Statistics, England 2021\u201322. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/nhs-maternity-statistics-england-2021-22"},{"key":"4048_CR38","unstructured":"NHS England. (2016 ). Better births: Improving outcomes of maternity services in England\u2014A five year forward view for maternity care. . https:\/\/www.england.nhs.uk\/publication\/better-births-improving-outcomes-of-maternity-services-in-england-a-five-year-forward-view-for-maternity-care\/"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.06.001","volume":"25","author":"C Nilsson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nilsson, C., Lundgren, I., Karlstr\u00f6m, A., & Hildingsson, I. (2012). Self reported fear of childbirth and its association with women\u2019s birth experience and mode of delivery: A longitudinal population-based study. Women Birth, 25(3), 114\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2011.06.001","journal-title":"Women Birth"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.21.3.178","volume":"21","author":"ML Nolan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Nolan, M. L., Mason, V., Snow, S., Messenger, W., Catling, J., & Upton, P. (2012). Making friends at antenatal classes: A qualitative exploration of friendship across the transition to motherhood. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 21(3), 178\u2013185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1058-1243.21.3.178","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"key":"4048_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Parker, C., Scott, S., & Geddes, A. (2019). Snowball Sampling. SAGE Research Methods Foundations. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4135\/9781526421036831710","DOI":"10.4135\/9781526421036831710"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1097\/00125817-200503000-00001","volume":"7","author":"N Press","year":"2005","unstructured":"Press, N. (2005). Qualitative research: Thoughts on how to do it; How to judge it; When to use it. Genetics in Medicine, 7(3), 155\u2013158. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00125817-200503000-00001","journal-title":"Genetics in Medicine"},{"key":"4048_CR43","unstructured":"Public Health England. (2020). Maternity high impact area: Reducing the inequality of outcomes for women from Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities and their babies. https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/maternity-high-impact-area-reducing-inequality-of-outcomes"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1111\/birt.12446","volume":"46","author":"H Rayment-Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rayment-Jones, H., Harris, J., Harden, A., Khan, Z., & Sandall, J. (2019). How do women with social risk factors experience United Kingdom maternity care? A realist synthesis. Birth, 46(3), 461\u2013474. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/birt.12446","journal-title":"Birth"},{"issue":"9","key":"4048_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1520","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-024-03932-4","volume":"28","author":"T Russell-Webster","year":"2024","unstructured":"Russell-Webster, T., Davies, A., Toolan, M., Lynch, M., Plachcinski, R., Larkin, M., Fraser, A., Barnfield, S., Smith, M., Burden, C., & Merriel, A. (2024). Cross sectional survey of antenatal educators\u2019 views about current antenatal education provision. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 28(9), 1520\u20131529. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-024-03932-4","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"4048_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01396.x","volume":"52","author":"A Shub","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shub, A., Williamson, K., Saunders, L., & McCarthy, E. A. (2012). Do primigravidae and their carers have a realistic expectation of uncomplicated labour and delivery?: A survey of primigravidae in late pregnancy, obstetric staff and medical students. Australian and New Zealand Journal Obstetric and Gynaecology, 52(1), 73\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1479-828X.2011.01396.x","journal-title":"Australian and New Zealand Journal Obstetric and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"4048_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2014.22.8.564","volume":"22","author":"D Smith","year":"2014","unstructured":"Smith, D. (2014). The role of antenatal and postnatal social support for pregnant women with a body mass index \u2265 30 kg\/m2. British Journal of Midwifery (BJM), 22(8), 564. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjom.2014.22.8.564","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery (BJM)"},{"issue":"19","key":"4048_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.12968\/bjom.2009.17.10.44461","volume":"17","author":"DM Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith, D. M., & Roberts, R. (2009). Young parents\u2019 perceptions of barriers to antenatal and postnatal care. British Journal of Midwifery (BJM), 17(19), 620\u2013627. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12968\/bjom.2009.17.10.44461","journal-title":"British Journal of Midwifery (BJM)"},{"key":"4048_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2022.103295","volume":"109","author":"H Spiby","year":"2022","unstructured":"Spiby, H., Stewart, J., Watts, K., Hughes, A. J., & Slade, P. (2022). The importance of face to face, group antenatal education classes for first time mothers: A qualitative study. Midwifery, 109, 103295. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2022.103295","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.21.4.229","volume":"21","author":"KH Stoll","year":"2012","unstructured":"Stoll, K. H., & Hall, W. (2012). Childbirth education and obstetric interventions among low-risk canadian women: Is there a connection? The Journal of Perinatal Education, 21(4), 229\u2013237. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1058-1243.21.4.229","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"issue":"4","key":"4048_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1624\/105812408X364152","volume":"17","author":"J Svensson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Svensson, J., Barclay, L., & Cooke, M. (2008). Effective antenatal education: Strategies recommended by expectant and new parents. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 17(4), 33\u201342. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1624\/105812408X364152","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"issue":"3","key":"4048_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2012.01.002","volume":"29","author":"G Thomson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Thomson, G., Dykes, F., Singh, G., Cawley, L., & Dey, P. (2013). A public health perspective of women\u2019s experiences of antenatal care: An exploration of insights from a community consultation. Midwifery, 29(3), 211\u2013216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.midw.2012.01.002","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"4048_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.10.014","volume":"34","author":"A Wright","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wright, A., Elcombe, E., & Burns, E. S. (2020). \u201cPaper, face-to-face and on my mobile please\u201d: A survey of women\u2019s preferred methods of receiving antenatal education. Women and Birth, 34, e547. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.wombi.2020.10.014","journal-title":"Women and Birth"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,21]],"date-time":"2025-03-21T01:17:14Z","timestamp":1742519834000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]}},"alternative-id":["4048"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04048-z","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2 January 2025","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2025","order":2,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflicts of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the Faculty of Health Sciences Research Ethics Committee at the University of Bristol ref: 91063 on 2nd August 2019.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Participants were consented prior to participating in this research project.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"Participants have consented for data to be used anonymously for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}