{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T22:40:31Z","timestamp":1773873631647,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1768176000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000912","name":"March of Dimes Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["6-FY24-0010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["6-FY24-0010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000912","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Magoon Community Institute"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T07:49:59Z","timestamp":1768204199000},"page":"263-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Third Generation Consequences of Small for Gestational Age Births"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6396-2579","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"James W.","family":"Collins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Batish","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S. J. Cav\u00e9","family":"Doi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Liz","family":"Lamere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kristin M.","family":"Rankin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil G.","family":"Prachand","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"4192_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1235","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.6.1235","volume":"31","author":"DJ Barker","year":"2002","unstructured":"Barker, D. J., Eriksson, J. G., Forsen, T., & Osmond, C. (2002). Fetal origins of adult disease: Strengths of effects and biological basis. International Journal of Epidemiology, 31, 1235\u20131239.","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2456","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-014-1484-1","volume":"18","author":"S Castrillo","year":"2014","unstructured":"Castrillo, S., Rankin, K. M., & Collins, J. W. (2014). Small-for-gestational age and preterm birth across generations: A population-based study of Illinois births. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 18, 2456\u20132464.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s11524-018-0272-4","volume":"96","author":"BD Chambers","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chambers, B. D., Baer, R. J., McLemore, M. R., & Jelliffe-Pawlowski, L. L. (2019). Using index of concentration at the extremes as indicators of structural racism to evaluate the association with preterm birth and infant mortality-California, 2011\u20132012. Journal of Urban Health\u202f: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 96, 159\u2013170.","journal-title":"Journal of Urban Health : Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine"},{"key":"4192_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1219","DOI":"10.1017\/S0954579416000808","volume":"28","author":"FA Champagne","year":"2016","unstructured":"Champagne, F. A. (2016). Epigenetic legacy of parental experiences: Dynamic and interactive pathways to inheritance. Development and Psychopathology, 28, 1219\u20131228.","journal-title":"Development and Psychopathology"},{"key":"4192_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199705000-00015","volume":"8","author":"JW Collins","year":"1997","unstructured":"Collins, J. W., & Butler, A. G. (1997). Racial differences in the prevalence of small-for-dates infants among college-educated women. Epidemiology, 8, 315\u2013317.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4192_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2021.11.017","volume":"49","author":"JW Collins","year":"2022","unstructured":"Collins, J. W., & David, R. J. (2022). Black babies matter. Clinics in Perinatology, 49(1), 93\u2013101.","journal-title":"Clinics in Perinatology"},{"key":"4192_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1183","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-2503-4","volume":"22","author":"J Collins","year":"2018","unstructured":"Collins, J., Marina, A., & Rankin, K. (2018). African-American women\u2019s upward economic mobility and small for gestational age births: A population-based study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 22, 1183\u20131189.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1554","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-012-1154-0","volume":"17","author":"JW Collins","year":"2013","unstructured":"Collins, J. W., Rankin, K. M., & Janowiak, C. M. (2013). Suburban migration and the birth outcome of Chicago-born White and African-American women: The merit of the healthy migrant theory. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 17, 1554\u20131160.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-008-0433-2","volume":"14","author":"RJ David","year":"2010","unstructured":"David, R. J., Rankin, K., Lee, K., Prachand, K., Love, C., & Collins, J. W. (2010). The Illinois transgenerational birth file: Life course analysis of birth outcomes using vital records and census data over decades. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 14, 121\u2013132.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr032","volume":"174","author":"BL De Stavola","year":"2011","unstructured":"De Stavola, B. L., Leon, D. A., & Koupil, I. (2011). Intergenerational correlations in size at birth and the contribution of environmental factors. American Journal of Epidemiology, 174, 52\u201362.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-3506(02)00003-3","volume":"117","author":"N Dewan","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dewan, N., Brabin, B., Wood, L., Dramond, S., & Cooper, C. (2003). The effects of smoking on birthweight-for-gestational-age curves in teenage and adult primigravidae. Public Health, 117, 31\u201335.","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"key":"4192_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2061","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-017-2311-2","volume":"21","author":"RA Dorner","year":"2017","unstructured":"Dorner, R. A., Rankin, K. M., & Collins, J. W. (2017). Early preterm birth across generations among Whites and African-Americans: A population-based study. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 21, 2061\u20132067.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"issue":"1","key":"4192_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000345","volume":"124","author":"EL Duryea","year":"2014","unstructured":"Duryea, E. L., Hawkins, J. S., McIntire, D. D., Casey, B. M., & Leveno, K. J. (2014). A revised birth weight reference for the United States. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 124(1), 16\u201322. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/AOG.0000000000000345","journal-title":"Obstetrics and Gynecology"},{"key":"4192_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2008.10.008","volume":"85","author":"KA Evensen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Evensen, K. A., Steinshamn, S., Tjonna, A. E., et al. (2009). Effects of preterm birth and fetal growth retardation on cardiovascular risk factor in young adulthood. Early Human Development, 85, 239\u2013345.","journal-title":"Early Human Development"},{"key":"4192_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"787","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-018-02695-z","volume":"23","author":"NL Fleischer","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fleischer, N. L., Abshire, C., Margerison, C. E., Nitcheva, D., & Smith, M. G. (2019). The South Carolina multigenerational linked birth dataset: Developing social mobility measures across generations to understand racial\/ethnic disparities in adverse birth outcomes in the US South. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 23, 787\u2013801.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2013.301380","volume":"103","author":"AT Geronimus","year":"2013","unstructured":"Geronimus, A. T. (2013). Deep integration: letting the epigenome out of the bottle without losing sight of the structural origins of population health. American Journal of Public Health, 103, 56\u201363.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"4192_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0708473","volume":"359","author":"R Gluckman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gluckman, R., Hanson, M., Cooper, C., & Thornburg, K. (2008). Effect of in utero and early-life conditions on adult health and disease. The New England Journal of Medicine, 359, 61\u201373.","journal-title":"The New England Journal of Medicine"},{"key":"4192_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1643","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03707-3","volume":"27","author":"S Hibbs","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hibbs, S., Simon, B., Howland, J., Rankin, K., & Collins, J. (2023). Women\u2019s economic mobility and small for gestational age rates: The effect of paternal early-life socioeconomic position. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27, 1643\u20131650.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S48","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2018.304738","volume":"109","author":"NL Jones","year":"2019","unstructured":"Jones, N. L., Gilman, S. E., Cheng, T. L., Drury, S. S., Hill, C. V., & Geronimus, A. T. (2019). Life course approaches to the causes of health disparities. American Journal of Public Health, 109, S48\u2013S55.","journal-title":"American Journal of Public Health"},{"key":"4192_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, C., Doi, S.J., Lamere, L., Rankin, K., Collins, J. (2025) African-American women\u2019s early-life exposure to neighborhood mortgage discrimination and preterm birth rates: A population-based Study, Maternal Child Health Journal","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-025-04171-x"},{"key":"4192_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.84.2.343","volume":"84","author":"MA Klebanoff","year":"1989","unstructured":"Klebanoff, M. A., Meirik, O., & Berendes, H. W. (1989). Second generation consequences of small-for-dates birth. Pediatrics, 84, 343\u2013347.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"4192_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2022.08.012","volume":"252","author":"S Kuhle","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kuhle, S., Brown, M. M., Dodds, L., McDonald, S. D., & Woolcott, C. G. (2023). Health care utilization in the first 7 years in children with fetal growth abnormalities: A retrospective cohort study. The Journal of Pediatrics, 252, 154\u2013161.","journal-title":"The Journal of Pediatrics"},{"issue":"6","key":"4192_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwx340","volume":"187","author":"M Lahti-Pulkkinen","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lahti-Pulkkinen, M., Bhattacharya, S., R\u00e4ikk\u00f6nen, K., Osmond, C., Norman, J. E., & Reynolds, R. M. (2018). Intergenerational transmission of birth weight across 3 generations. American Journal of Epidemiology, 187(6), 1165\u20131173. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/aje\/kwx340","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwq109","volume":"172","author":"C Love","year":"2010","unstructured":"Love, C., David, R., Rankin, K., & Collins, J. (2010). Exploring weathering: Effects of lifelong economic environment and maternal age on low birth weight, small for gestational age, and preterm birth in African-American and White women. American Journal of Epidemiology, 172, 127\u2013134.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1360","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwaa054","volume":"189","author":"K Nasiri","year":"2020","unstructured":"Nasiri, K., Moodie, E., & Abenhaim, H. (2020). To what extent is the association between race\/ethnicity and fetal growth restriction explained by adequacy of prenatal care? A mediation analysis of a retrospectively selected cohort. American Journal of Epidemiology, 189, 1360\u20131368.","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00872.x","volume":"113","author":"KE Selling","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selling, K. E., Carstensen, J., Finnstrom, O., & Sydsjo, G. (2006). Intergeneraitonal effects of preterm birth and reduced intrauterine growth: A population-based study of Swedish mother-offspring pairs. BJOG\u202f: An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 113, 430\u2013440.","journal-title":"BJOG : An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4192_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00796.x","volume":"21","author":"RF Slykerman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Slykerman, R. F., Thompson, J. M., Clark, P. M., Becroft, D. M., Robinson, E., Pryor, J. E., Wild, C. J., & Mitchell, E. A. (2007). Determinants of developmental delay in infants aged 12 months. Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology, 21(2), 121\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2007.00796.x","journal-title":"Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology"},{"key":"4192_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-020-05712-1","volume":"302","author":"Z Tullius","year":"2020","unstructured":"Tullius, Z., Rankin, K., DeSisto, C., & Collins, J. W., Jr. (2020). Adverse birth outcome across the generations: The contribution of paternal factors. Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 302, 1151\u20131157.","journal-title":"Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics"},{"key":"4192_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-023-03608-5","volume":"27","author":"A Weiss","year":"2023","unstructured":"Weiss, A., Matoba, N., R, K., & Collins, J. (2023). The relation of neighborhood racial and income polarity to preterm birth rates in Chicago. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27, 556\u2013565.","journal-title":"Maternal and Child Health Journal"},{"key":"4192_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"358","DOI":"10.1038\/s41372-020-00914-6","volume":"41","author":"N Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang, N., Collins, J., & Burris, H. (2021). States with more killings of unarmed Black people have larger Black-White preterm birth disparities. Journal of Perinatology, 41, 358\u2013359.","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatology"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T15:04:57Z","timestamp":1773846297000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["4192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04192-6","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"15 June 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 November 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 January 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing Interests"}},{"value":"IRB approval obtained.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical Approval"}}]}}