{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T11:49:22Z","timestamp":1773661762999,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Matern Child Health J"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T03:33:12Z","timestamp":1766374392000},"page":"142-152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Integrating Obstetricians into Childbirth Education and Its Association\u00a0with Reduced Intrapartum Interventions"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"30","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7284-7791","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H. \u015eule","family":"Selman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4444-9582","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saliha B.","family":"Selman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2456-1916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hakan","family":"\u00c7oker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2940-1145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ne\u015fe","family":"Karabekir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"4210_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejogrb.2021.05.011","volume":"262","author":"A Ahmeidat","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ahmeidat, A., Kotts, W. J., Wong, J., McLernon, D. J., & Black, M. (2021). Predictive models of individual risk of elective caesarean section complications: A systematic review. European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology, 262, 248\u2013255.","journal-title":"European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology"},{"issue":"2","key":"4210_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD006066","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD006066.pub3","volume":"2017","author":"Z Alfirevic","year":"2017","unstructured":"Alfirevic, Z., Gyte, G. M. L., Cuthbert, A., & Devane, D. (2017). Continuous cardiotocography (CTG) as a form of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) for fetal assessment during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(2), CD006066. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD006066.pub3","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"key":"4210_CR3","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (2019). Approaches to limit intervention during labor and birth\u00a0(Committee Opinion)."},{"issue":"6","key":"4210_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000004167","volume":"136","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2020","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, Committee on Obstetric Practice. (2020). Delayed umbilical cord clamping after birth: ACOG Committee Opinion No. 814. Obstetrics & Gynecology, 136(6), 100\u2013106.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"1","key":"4210_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1037\/amp0000191","volume":"73","author":"M Appelbaum","year":"2018","unstructured":"Appelbaum, M., Cooper, H., Kline, R. B., Mayo-Wilson, E., Nezu, A. M., & Rao, S. M. (2018). Journal article reporting standards for quantitative research in psychology: The APA publications and communications board task force report. American Psychologist, 73(1), 3\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/amp0000191","journal-title":"American Psychologist"},{"key":"4210_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2017.10.021","volume":"57","author":"M Barimani","year":"2018","unstructured":"Barimani, M., Frykedal, F., Rosander, K., & Berlin, A. (2018). Childbirth and parenting preparation in antenatal classes. Midwifery, 57, 1\u20137.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"issue":"6","key":"4210_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e005671","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671","volume":"6","author":"AP Betran","year":"2021","unstructured":"Betran, A. P., Ye, J., Moller, A. B., Souza, J. P., & Zhang, J. (2021). Trends and projections of caesarean section rates: Global and regional estimates. BMJ Global Health, 6(6), e005671. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-005671","journal-title":"BMJ Global Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"4210_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00146.x","volume":"34","author":"N Chaillet","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chaillet, N., & Dumont, A. (2007). Evidence-based strategies for reducing Cesarean section rates: A meta-analysis. Birth, 34(1), 53\u201364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2006.00146.x","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"4210_CR9","first-page":"192","volume-title":"Obstetricians speak: On training, practice, fear, and transformation","author":"H Coker","year":"2023","unstructured":"Coker, H. (2023). The natural childbirth of the 21st century. In R. Davis-Floyd & A. Premkumar (Eds.), Obstetricians speak: On training, practice, fear, and transformation (pp. 192\u2013227). Berghahn Books."},{"issue":"2","key":"4210_CR10","first-page":"1","volume":"34","author":"H Coker","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coker, H., Karabekir, N., & Varl\u0131k, S. (2019). Birth with no regret in T\u00fcrkiye. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 34(2), 1\u201315.","journal-title":"Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health"},{"key":"4210_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4324\/9781003088783","volume-title":"Birthing models on the human rights frontier","author":"H Coker","year":"2020","unstructured":"Coker, H., Karabekir, N., & Varl\u0131k, S. (2020). Birth with no regret in T\u00fcrkiye. In B. A. Daviss & R. Davis-Floyd (Eds.), Birthing models on the human rights frontier (1st ed.). Routledge. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4324\/9781003088783","edition":"1"},{"key":"4210_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3167\/9781800738287","volume-title":"Obstetricians speak on training, practice, fear, and transformation","author":"R Davis-Floyd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis-Floyd, R., & Premkumar, A. (2023a). Obstetricians speak on training, practice, fear, and transformation. Berghahn Books."},{"key":"4210_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3167\/9781800738317","volume-title":"Cognition, risk, and responsibility in obstetrics: Anthropological analyses and critiques of obstetricians\u2019 practices","author":"R Davis-Floyd","year":"2023","unstructured":"Davis-Floyd, R., & Premkumar, A. (2023b). Cognition, risk, and responsibility in obstetrics: Anthropological analyses and critiques of obstetricians\u2019 practices (Vol. 2). Berghahn Books."},{"key":"4210_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"de Labrusse, C., Ramelet, A. S., Humphrey, T., & MacLennan, S. (2017). Patient-centered care in maternity services. In Patient-centered medicine (pp. 1\u201320). InTech. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5772\/67381","DOI":"10.5772\/67381"},{"key":"4210_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104693","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104693","volume":"152","author":"P Deusa-L\u00f3pez","year":"2024","unstructured":"Deusa-L\u00f3pez, P., Cuenca-Mart\u00ednez, F., S\u00e1nchez-Mart\u00ednez, V., & Sempere-Rubio, N. (2024). Maternal outcomes using delayed pushing versus immediate pushing in the second stage of labour: An umbrella review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 152, 104693. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2024.104693","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"key":"4210_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884-019-2561-7","volume":"19","author":"V Fenaroli","year":"2019","unstructured":"Fenaroli, V., Molgora, S., Dodaro, S., Svelato, A., Gesi, L., Molidoro, G., Saita, E., & Ragusa, A. (2019). The childbirth experience: Obstetric and psychological predictors in Italian primiparous women. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 19, 419. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12884-019-2561-7","journal-title":"BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"},{"issue":"3","key":"4210_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1007\/s40596-019-01018-w","volume":"43","author":"AH Garbarino","year":"2019","unstructured":"Garbarino, A. H., Kohn, J. R., Coverdale, J. H., & Kilpatrick, C. C. (2019). Current trends in psychiatric education among obstetrics and gynecology residency programs. Academic Psychiatry, 43(3), 294\u2013299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40596-019-01018-w","journal-title":"Academic Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"4210_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1080\/14767058.2019.1608434","volume":"34","author":"S Ghanbari-Homayi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ghanbari-Homayi, S., Hasani, S., Meedya, S., Asghari Jafarabadi, M., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2021). Nonpharmacological approaches to improve women\u2019s childbirth experiences: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 34(3), 479\u2013491. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/14767058.2019.1608434","journal-title":"The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"4210_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD002006","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002006.pub4","volume":"2017","author":"JK Gupta","year":"2017","unstructured":"Gupta, J. K., Sood, A., Hofmeyr, G. J., & Vogel, J. P. (2017). Position in the second stage of labour for women without epidural anaesthesia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2017(5), CD002006. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD002006.pub4","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"2","key":"4210_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1891\/1058-1243.22.2.83","volume":"22","author":"L Jansen","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jansen, L., Gibson, M., Bowles, B. C., & Leach, J. (2013). First do no harm: Interventions during childbirth. The Journal of Perinatal Education, 22(2), 83\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1891\/1058-1243.22.2.83","journal-title":"The Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"key":"4210_CR102","unstructured":"Karabekir, N. (2016). Sharing space: Using psychodrama in childbirth education and birth psychotherapy: Birth with No Regret. Journal of Prenatal and Perinatal Psychology and Health, 30(3), 208\u2013217. https:\/\/www.birthpsychology.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/bcNFWNwg-1.pdf"},{"key":"4210_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Karabekir, N. (2017). Birth psychodrama: What is the role of the birth psychodramatist\/psychotherapist in the labour ward? Zeitschrift f\u00fcr Psychodrama und Soziometrie, 16(1), 5\u201314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11620-017-0374-0","DOI":"10.1007\/s11620-017-0374-0"},{"issue":"2","key":"4210_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00462.x","volume":"38","author":"MC Klein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Klein, M. C., Liston, R., Fraser, W. D., Baradaran, N., Hearps, S. J., Tomkinson, J., Kaczorowski, J., Brant, R., Maternity Care Research Group. (2011). Attitudes of the new generation of Canadian obstetricians: How do they differ from their predecessors? Birth, 38(2), 129\u2013139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1523-536X.2010.00462.x","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"4210_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Lalonde, A., Herschderfer, K., Pascali-Bonaro, D., Hanson, C., Fuchtner, C., & Visser, G. H. A. (2019). The International Childbirth Initiative: 12 steps to safe and respectful MotherBaby-Family maternity care. International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics, 146(1), 65\u201373. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ijgo.12844","DOI":"10.1002\/ijgo.12844"},{"issue":"11","key":"4210_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2272","DOI":"10.1016\/j.socscimed.2007.02.028","volume":"64","author":"M Lobel","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lobel, M., & DeLuca, R. S. (2007). Psychosocial sequelae of Cesarean delivery: Review and analysis of their causes and implications. Social Science & Medicine, 64(11), 2272\u20132284.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"4210_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1891\/J-PE-D-20-00012","volume":"29","author":"JA Lothian","year":"2020","unstructured":"Lothian, J. A. (2020). The International Childbirth Initiative: Twelve steps to safe and respectful MotherBaby-Family maternity care. Journal of Perinatal Education, 29(2), 69\u201371.","journal-title":"Journal of Perinatal Education"},{"issue":"9713","key":"4210_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61870-5","volume":"375","author":"P Lumbiganon","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lumbiganon, P., Laopaiboon, M., G\u00fclmezoglu, A. M., Souza, J. P., Taneepanichskul, S., Ruyan, P., & Villar, J. (2010). Method of delivery and pregnancy outcomes in Asia: The WHO global survey on maternal and perinatal health 2007\u201308. Lancet, 375(9713), 490\u2013499.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"4210_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-2229","volume":"40","author":"N Matinnia","year":"2018","unstructured":"Matinnia, N., Haghighi, M., Jahangard, L., Ibrahim, F. B., Rahman, H. A., Ghaleiha, A., Holsboer-Trachsler, E., & Brand, S. (2018). Further evidence of psychological factors underlying choice of elective cesarean delivery (ECD) by primigravidae. Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, 40(1), 83\u201388. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1516-4446-2017-2229","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria"},{"key":"4210_CR101","unstructured":"McCants, B. M., & Greiner, J. R. (2016). Prebirth education and childbirth decision making. International Journal of Childbirth Education, 31(1)."},{"issue":"10056","key":"4210_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2176","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31472-6","volume":"388","author":"S Miller","year":"2016","unstructured":"Miller, S., Abalos, E., Chamillard, M., Ciapponi, A., Colaci, D., Comand\u00e9, D., Diaz, V., Geller, S., Hanson, C., Langer, A., Manuelli, V., Millar, K., Morhason-Bello, I., Pileggi Castro, C., Pileggi, V. N., Robinson, N., Skaer, M., Souza, J. P., Vogel, J. P., & Althabe, F. (2016). Beyond too little, too late and too much, too soon: A pathway towards evidence-based, respectful maternity care worldwide. The Lancet, 388(10056), 2176\u20132192. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)31472-6","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"4210_CR28","volume-title":"Evidence reviews for pushing techniques: Intrapartum care","author":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence","year":"2023","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2023). Evidence reviews for pushing techniques: Intrapartum care. NICE."},{"issue":"9","key":"4210_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1540","DOI":"10.3390\/children10091540","volume":"10","author":"C Purington","year":"2023","unstructured":"Purington, C., Eilevstj\u00f8nn, J., Dalen, I., Yeconia, A., Blacy, L., Mduma, E., Haug, I., Holte, K., Chang, C., Perlman, J., & Ersdal, H. (2023). Use of suctioning during newborn resuscitation and its effects on heart rate in a low-resource setting, Tanzania. Children (Basel), 10(9), 1540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/children10091540","journal-title":"Children (Basel)"},{"key":"4210_CR30","unstructured":"Republic of T\u00fcrkiye Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Public Health. (2018). General principles for the operation of pregnancy information classes, pregnancy schools, and childbirth preparation and counseling centers in health services."},{"issue":"4","key":"4210_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e37943","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.37943","volume":"15","author":"PD Satone","year":"2023","unstructured":"Satone, P. D., & Tayade, S. A. (2023). Alternative birthing positions compared to the conventional position in the second stage of labor: A review. Cureus, 15(4), e37943. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7759\/cureus.37943","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"4210_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2139\/ssrn.2160588","author":"JP Simmons","year":"2012","unstructured":"Simmons, J. P., Nelson, L. D., & Simonsohn, U. (2012). A 21-word solution. SSRN. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2139\/ssrn.2160588","journal-title":"SSRN"},{"issue":"8","key":"4210_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD003930","volume":"2013","author":"M Singata","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singata, M., Tranmer, J., & Gyte, G. M. (2013). Restricting oral fluid and food intake during labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2013(8), Article CD003930. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/14651858.CD003930","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"1","key":"4210_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12978-018-0511-x","volume":"15","author":"M Taheri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Taheri, M., Takian, A., Taghizadeh, Z., Jafari, N., & Sarafraz, N. (2018). Creating a positive perception of childbirth experience: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prenatal and intrapartum interventions. Reproductive Health, 15(1), 73. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12978-018-0511-x","journal-title":"Reproductive Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"4210_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmwh.2009.02.013","volume":"54","author":"DS Walker","year":"2009","unstructured":"Walker, D. S., Visger, J. M., & Rossie, D. (2009). Contemporary childbirth education models. Journal of Midwifery & Women\u2019s Health, 54(6), 469\u2013476.","journal-title":"Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health"},{"key":"4210_CR36","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018). WHO recommendations on intrapartum care for a positive childbirth experience."},{"key":"4210_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.015","volume":"156","author":"MH Wyckoff","year":"2020","unstructured":"Wyckoff, M. H., Wyllie, J., Aziz, K., de Almeida, M. F., Fabres, J. W., Fawke, J., Guinsburg, R., Hosono, S., Isayama, T., Kapadia, V. S., Kim, H. S., Liley, H. G., McKinlay, C. J. D., Mildenhall, L., Perlman, J. M., Rabi, Y., Roehr, C. C., Schm\u00f6lzer, G. M., Szyld, E., & Trevisanuto, D. (2020). Neonatal life support 2020 international consensus on cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiovascular care science with treatment recommendations. Resuscitation, 156, A156\u2013A187. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2020.09.015.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"}],"container-title":["Maternal and Child Health Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T10:50:11Z","timestamp":1773658211000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4210"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10995-025-04210-7","relation":{},"ISSN":["1092-7875","1573-6628"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1092-7875","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-6628","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"27 May 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"4 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have not disclosed any competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"This study was approved by the relevant institutional ethics committee.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"<!--Emphasis Type='Bold' removed-->Ethical Approval"}},{"value":"Written informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their inclusion in the study.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to Participate"}},{"value":"All authors provided consent for publication.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for Publication"}}]}}