{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T05:50:39Z","timestamp":1789019439418,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":115,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634342400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634342400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LQ19H160027"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LQ19H160027"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]],"date-time":"2021-10-16T13:57:45Z","timestamp":1634392665000},"page":"213-223","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Semen as a rich source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer: latest evidence and implications"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"477","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1801-5406","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chenyu","family":"Mao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yongfeng","family":"Ding","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"4273_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191","volume":"10","author":"P Rawla","year":"2019","unstructured":"Rawla P (2019) Epidemiology of prostate cancer. World J Oncol 10:63","journal-title":"World J Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03520310046028","volume":"273","author":"AL Potosky","year":"1995","unstructured":"Potosky AL, Miller BA, Albertsen PC, Kramer BS (1995) The role of increasing detection in the rising incidence of prostate cancer. JAMA 273:548\u2013552","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4273_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21492","volume":"68","author":"F Bray","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bray F, Ferlay J, Soerjomataram I, Siegel RL, Torre LA, Jemal A (2018) Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 68:394\u2013424","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4273_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1007\/s13346-019-00652-z","volume":"9","author":"Q Chen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Chen Q, Bao Y, Burner D, Kaushal S, Zhang Y, Mendoza T, Bouvet M, Ozkan C, Minev B, Ma W (2019) Tumor growth inhibition by mSTEAP peptide nanovaccine inducing augmented CD8+ T cell immune responses. Drug Deliv Transl Res 9:1095\u20131105","journal-title":"Drug Deliv Transl Res"},{"key":"4273_CR5","unstructured":"Key Statistics for Prostate Cancer. Available from https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/prostate-cancer\/about\/key-statistics.html"},{"key":"4273_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21660","volume":"71","author":"H Sung","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, Laversanne M, Soerjomataram I, Jemal A, Bray F (2021) Global cancer statistics 2020: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. CA Cancer J Clin 71:209\u2013249","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"4273_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"935","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.06.034","volume":"50","author":"A Morgentaler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Morgentaler A (2006) Testosterone and prostate cancer: an historical perspective on a modern myth. Eur Urol 50:935\u2013939","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1331","DOI":"10.21037\/tcr.2017.10.25","volume":"6","author":"M Pucci","year":"2017","unstructured":"Pucci M, Taverna S, Reclusa P, Pinto JA, Durendez E, Lewintre EJ, Rolfo C (2017) Exosomes in semen: opportunities as a new tool in prostate cancer diagnosis. Transl Cancer Res 6:S1331\u2013S1338","journal-title":"Transl Cancer Res"},{"key":"4273_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1320","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0810084","volume":"360","author":"FH Schr\u00f6der","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schr\u00f6der FH, Hugosson J, Roobol MJ, Tammela TL, Ciatto S, Nelen V, Kwiatkowski M, Lujan M, Lilja H, Zappa M (2009) Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. N Engl J Med 360:1320\u20131328","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4273_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2532","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.7248","volume":"317","author":"MS Litwin","year":"2017","unstructured":"Litwin MS, Tan H-J (2017) The diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer: a review. JAMA 317:2532\u20132542","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4273_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.6004\/jnccn.2016.0004","volume":"14","author":"JL Mohler","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mohler JL, Armstrong AJ, Bahnson RR, D\u2019Amico AV, Davis BJ, Eastham JA, Enke CA, Farrington TA, Higano CS, Horwitz EM (2016) Prostate cancer, version 1.2016. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 14:19\u201330","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"4273_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj190","volume":"98","author":"AJ Stephenson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Stephenson AJ, Scardino PT, Eastham JA, Bianco FJ Jr, Dotan ZA, Fearn PA, Kattan MW (2006) Preoperative nomogram predicting the 10-year probability of prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Natl Cancer Inst 98:715\u2013717","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"4273_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4300","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.2501","volume":"27","author":"AJ Stephenson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Stephenson AJ, Kattan MW, Eastham JA, Bianco FJ Jr, Yossepowitch O, Vickers AJ, Klein EA, Wood DP, Scardino PT (2009) Prostate cancer\u2013specific mortality after radical prostatectomy for patients treated in the prostate-specific antigen era. J Clin Oncol 27:4300","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000085074.62960.7b","volume":"170","author":"H Koh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Koh H, Kattan MW, Scardino PT, Suyama K, Maru N, Slawin K, Wheeler TM, Ohori M (2003) A nomogram to predict seminal vesicle invasion by the extent and location of cancer in systematic biopsy results. J Urol 170:1203\u20131208","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1844","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000121693.05077.3d","volume":"171","author":"M Ohori","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ohori M, Kattan MW, Koh H, Maru N, Slawin KM, Shariat S, Muramoto M, Reuter VE, Wheeler TM, Scardino PT (2004) Predicting the presence and side of extracapsular extension: a nomogram for staging prostate cancer. J Urol 171:1844\u20131849","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1938","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158155.33890.e7","volume":"173","author":"MR Cooperberg","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cooperberg MR, Pasta DJ, Elkin EP, Litwin MS, Latini DM, Du Chane J, Carroll PR (2005) The University of California, San Francisco Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score: a straightforward and reliable preoperative predictor of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. J Urol 173:1938\u20131942","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"244","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0000000000000530","volume":"40","author":"JI Epstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Egevad L, Amin MB, Delahunt B, Srigley JR, Humphrey PA (2016) The 2014 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol 40:244\u2013252","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"4273_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2015.06.046","volume":"69","author":"JI Epstein","year":"2016","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Zelefsky MJ, Sjoberg DD, Nelson JB, Egevad L, Magi-Galluzzi C, Vickers AJ, Parwani AV, Reuter VE, Fine SW (2016) A contemporary prostate cancer grading system: a validated alternative to the Gleason score. Eur Urol 69:428\u2013435","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3250","DOI":"10.1158\/1078-0432.CCR-11-2988","volume":"18","author":"GM Hayes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hayes GM, Simko J, Holochwost D, Kuchinsky K, Busch R, Misell L, Murphy EJ, Carroll P, Chan J, Shinohara K (2012) Regional cell proliferation in microdissected human prostate specimens after heavy water labeling in vivo: correlation with prostate epithelial cells isolated from seminal fluid. Clin Cancer Res 18:3250\u20133260","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"4273_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2012.184622","volume":"59","author":"MD Pasic","year":"2013","unstructured":"Pasic MD, Samaan S, Yousef GM (2013) Genomic medicine: new frontiers and new challenges. Clin Chem 59:158\u2013167","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"4273_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1385\/1-59259-372-0:199","volume-title":"Prostate cancer methods and protocols","author":"R Gardiner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gardiner R, Burger M, Clements JA, Lavin MF (2003) Realizing the potential of ejaculate\/seminal fluid in detecting and predicting natural history. In: Russell PJ, Jackson P (eds) Prostate cancer methods and protocols. Springer, Berlin, pp 199\u2013217"},{"key":"4273_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.4111\/kju.2011.52.2.79","volume":"52","author":"MJ Roberts","year":"2011","unstructured":"Roberts MJ, Schirra HJ, Lavin MF, Gardiner RA (2011) Metabolomics: a novel approach to early and noninvasive prostate cancer detection. Korean J Urol 52:79","journal-title":"Korean J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR23","unstructured":"Estimated age-standardized incidence and mortality rates (World) in 2020, worldwide, males, all ages. Available from https:\/\/gco.iarc.fr\/today\/online-analysis-multibars?v=2020&mode=cancer&mode_population=countries&population=900&populations=900&key=asr&sex=1&cancer=39&type=0&statistic=5&prevalence=0&population_group=0&ages_group%5B"},{"key":"4273_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.2085","volume":"311","author":"JH Hayes","year":"2014","unstructured":"Hayes JH, Barry MJ (2014) Screening for prostate cancer with the prostate-specific antigen test: a review of current evidence. JAMA 311:1143\u20131149","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4273_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.8033","volume":"314","author":"SE Eggener","year":"2015","unstructured":"Eggener SE, Cifu AS, Nabhan C (2015) Prostate cancer screening. JAMA 314:825\u2013826","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"4273_CR26","first-page":"1834","volume":"65","author":"R Benjamin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Benjamin R (2002) Neurologic complications of prostate cancer. Am Fam Physician 65:1834","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"key":"4273_CR27","unstructured":"Types of prostate cancer. Available from https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/prostate-cancer\/about\/what-is-prostate-cancer.html."},{"key":"4273_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8152","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.03.1492","volume":"23","author":"JM Chan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Chan JM, Gann PH, Giovannucci EL (2005) Role of diet in prostate cancer development and progression. J Clin Oncol 23:8152\u20138160","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/S0009-8981(03)00048-2","volume":"330","author":"MS Willis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Willis MS, Wians FH Jr (2003) The role of nutrition in preventing prostate cancer: a review of the proposed mechanism of action of various dietary substances. Clin Chim Acta 330:57\u201383","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"4273_CR30","first-page":"8542","volume":"63","author":"EA Platz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Platz EA, Leitzmann MF, Michaud DS, Willett WC, Giovannucci E (2003) Interrelation of energy intake, body size, and physical activity with prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study. Can Res 63:8542\u20138548","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"4273_CR31","first-page":"293","volume":"1","author":"C Huggins","year":"1941","unstructured":"Huggins C, Hodges CV (1941) Studies on prostatic cancer. I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. Can Res 1:293\u2013297","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"4273_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S6","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000142058.99614.ff","volume":"172","author":"WG Nelson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nelson WG, De Marzo AM, DeWEESE TL, Isaacs WB (2004) The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer. J Urol 172:S6\u2013S12","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S61","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.03.139","volume":"179","author":"MA Pontari","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pontari MA, Ruggieri MR (2008) Mechanisms in prostatitis\/chronic pelvic pain syndrome. J Urol 179:S61\u2013S67","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"688","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602019","volume":"91","author":"M Pavlenko","year":"2004","unstructured":"Pavlenko M, Roos A, Lundqvist A, Palmborg A, Miller A, Ozenci V, Bergman B, Egevad L, Hellstr\u00f6m M, Kiessling R (2004) A phase I trial of DNA vaccination with a plasmid expressing prostate-specific antigen in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer. Br J Cancer 91:688\u2013694","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"4273_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7150","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.167.12.7150","volume":"167","author":"L Fong","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fong L, Brockstedt D, Benike C, Breen JK, Strang G, Ruegg CL, Engleman EG (2001) Dendritic cell-based xenoantigen vaccination for prostate cancer immunotherapy. J Immunol 167:7150\u20137156","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"4273_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4591","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2005.05.160","volume":"23","author":"NH Bander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bander NH, Milowsky MI, Nanus DM, Kostakoglu L, Vallabhajosula S, Goldsmith SJ (2005) Phase I trial of 177lutetium-labeled J591, a monoclonal antibody to prostate-specific membrane antigen, in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 23:4591\u20134601","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14523","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.96.25.14523","volume":"96","author":"RS Hubert","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hubert RS, Vivanco I, Chen E, Rastegar S, Leong K, Mitchell SC, Madraswala R, Zhou Y, Kuo J, Raitano AB (1999) STEAP: a prostate-specific cell-surface antigen highly expressed in human prostate tumors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:14523\u201314528","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4273_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2003.02.083","volume":"21","author":"SP Balk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Balk SP, Ko Y-J, Bubley GJ (2003) Biology of prostate-specific antigen. J Clin Oncol 21:383\u2013391","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"k3519","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k3519","volume":"362","author":"D Ilic","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ilic D, Djulbegovic M, Jung JH, Hwang EC, Zhou Q, Cleves A, Agoritsas T, Dahm P (2018) Prostate cancer screening with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 362:k3519","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"4273_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1890","DOI":"10.1002\/jmri.27008","volume":"51","author":"Y Qi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Qi Y, Zhang S, Wei J, Zhang G, Lei J, Yan W, Xiao Y, Yan S, Xue H, Feng F (2020) Multiparametric MRI-based radiomics for prostate cancer screening with PSA in 4\u201310 ng\/mL to reduce unnecessary biopsies. J Magn Reson Imaging 51:1890\u20131899","journal-title":"J Magn Reson Imaging"},{"key":"4273_CR41","first-page":"1","volume":"2017","author":"Y Zhou","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhou Y, Li Y, Li X, Jiang M (2017) Urinary biomarker panel to improve accuracy in predicting prostate biopsy result in Chinese men with PSA 4\u201310 ng\/ml. BioMed Res Int 2017:1\u20139","journal-title":"BioMed Res Int"},{"key":"4273_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1007\/s13402-016-0268-6","volume":"39","author":"S Saini","year":"2016","unstructured":"Saini S (2016) PSA and beyond: alternative prostate cancer biomarkers. Cell Oncol 39:97\u2013106","journal-title":"Cell Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391-018-0044-y","volume":"21","author":"DN Patel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Patel DN, Feng T, Simon RM, Howard LE, Vidal AC, Moreira DM, Castro-Santamaria R, Roehrborn C, Andriole GL, Freedland SJ (2018) PSA predicts development of incident lower urinary tract symptoms: results from the REDUCE study. Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis 21:238\u2013244","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis"},{"key":"4273_CR44","first-page":"1","volume":"13","author":"P Duvedi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Duvedi P, Singh H, Bedi GK, Kaur M (2019) Role of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in patients with benign prostate hyperplasia. J Clin Diagnos Res 13:1\u20133","journal-title":"J Clin Diagnos Res"},{"key":"4273_CR45","first-page":"343","volume":"2","author":"Y-Q Huang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Huang Y-Q, Sun T, Zhong W-D, Wu C-L (2014) Clinical performance of serum [-2] proPSA derivatives,% p2PSA and PHI, in the detection and management of prostate cancer. Am J Clin Exp Urol 2:343","journal-title":"Am J Clin Exp Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2239","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa031918","volume":"350","author":"IM Thompson","year":"2004","unstructured":"Thompson IM, Pauler DK, Goodman PJ, Tangen CM, Lucia MS, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Ford LG, Lippman SM, Crawford ED (2004) Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level\u2264 4.0 ng per milliliter. N Engl J Med 350:2239\u20132246","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"4273_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"963","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2014-0988","volume":"53","author":"X Filella","year":"2015","unstructured":"Filella X, Foj L (2015) Emerging biomarkers in the detection and prognosis of prostate cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM) 53:963\u2013973","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM)"},{"key":"4273_CR48","unstructured":"Screening Tests for Prostate Cancer. Available from https:\/\/www.cancer.org\/cancer\/prostate-cancer\/detection-diagnosis-staging\/tests.html"},{"key":"4273_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.2147\/PGPM.S136026","volume":"11","author":"X Filella","year":"2018","unstructured":"Filella X, Fern\u00e1ndez-Galan E, Bonifacio RF, Foj L (2018) Emerging biomarkers in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Pharmacogenomics Personal Med 11:83","journal-title":"Pharmacogenomics Personal Med"},{"key":"4273_CR50","first-page":"99","volume":"1846","author":"C Stephan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Stephan C, Ralla B, Jung K (2014) Prostate-specific antigen and other serum and urine markers in prostate cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA) 1846:99\u2013112","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta (BBA)"},{"key":"4273_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2005.063289","volume":"52","author":"J Groskopf","year":"2006","unstructured":"Groskopf J, Aubin SM, Deras IL, Blase A, Bodrug S, Clark C, Brentano S, Mathis J, Pham J, Meyer T (2006) APTIMA PCA3 molecular urine test: development of a method to aid in the diagnosis of prostate cancer. Clin Chem 52:1089\u20131095","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"4273_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2012.11.014","volume":"65","author":"GH Leyten","year":"2014","unstructured":"Leyten GH, Hessels D, Jannink SA, Smit FP, de Jong H, Cornel EB, de Reijke TM, Vergunst H, Kil P, Knipscheer BC (2014) Prospective multicentre evaluation of PCA3 and TMPRSS2-ERG gene fusions as diagnostic and prognostic urinary biomarkers for prostate cancer. Eur Urol 65:534\u2013542","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11091","DOI":"10.18632\/oncotarget.2691","volume":"5","author":"F Wang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Wang F, Ren S, Chen R, Lu J, Shi X, Zhu Y, Zhang W, Jing T, Zhang C, Shen J (2014) Development and prospective multicenter evaluation of the long noncoding RNA MALAT-1 as a diagnostic urinary biomarker for prostate cancer. Oncotarget 5:11091","journal-title":"Oncotarget"},{"key":"4273_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2019.08.010","volume":"464","author":"Y-H Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu Y-H, Deng J-L, Wang G, Zhu Y-S (2019) Long non-coding RNAs in prostate cancer: functional roles and clinical implications. Cancer Lett 464:37\u201355","journal-title":"Cancer Lett"},{"key":"4273_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-13-3159","volume":"74","author":"JR Prensner","year":"2014","unstructured":"Prensner JR, Chen W, Iyer MK, Cao Q, Ma T, Han S, Sahu A, Malik R, Wilder-Romans K, Navone N (2014) PCAT-1, a long noncoding RNA, regulates BRCA2 and controls homologous recombination in cancer. Can Res 74:1651\u20131660","journal-title":"Can Res"},{"key":"4273_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.22952","volume":"75","author":"K Yacqub-Usman","year":"2015","unstructured":"Yacqub-Usman K, Pickard MR, Williams GT (2015) Reciprocal regulation of GAS5 lncRNA levels and mTOR inhibitor action in prostate cancer cells. Prostate 75:693\u2013705","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"4273_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1016\/0046-8177(92)90102-9","volume":"23","author":"PT Scardino","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scardino PT, Weaver R, M\u2019Liss AH (1992) Early detection of prostate cancer. Hum Pathol 23:211\u2013222","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"4273_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2015.10.025","volume":"163","author":"A Abeshouse","year":"2015","unstructured":"Abeshouse A, Ahn J, Akbani R, Ally A, Amin S, Andry CD, Annala M, Aprikian A, Armenia J, Arora A (2015) The molecular taxonomy of primary prostate cancer. Cell 163:1011\u20131025","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"4273_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1038\/nrg3074","volume":"12","author":"M Esteller","year":"2011","unstructured":"Esteller M (2011) Non-coding RNAs in human disease. Nat Rev Genet 12:861\u2013874","journal-title":"Nat Rev Genet"},{"key":"4273_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.cellbio.23.090506.123406","volume":"23","author":"N Bushati","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bushati N, Cohen SM (2007) microRNA functions. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 23:175\u2013205","journal-title":"Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol"},{"key":"4273_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2019.00169","volume":"10","author":"S Filip\u00f3w","year":"2019","unstructured":"Filip\u00f3w S, \u0141aczma\u0144ski \u0141 (2019) Blood circulating miRNAs as cancer biomarkers for diagnosis and surgical treatment response. Front Genet 10:169","journal-title":"Front Genet"},{"key":"4273_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevEukaryotGeneExpr.2017019494","volume":"27","author":"MI Qadir","year":"2017","unstructured":"Qadir MI, Faheem A (2017) miRNA: a diagnostic and therapeutic tool for pancreatic cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 27:197","journal-title":"Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr"},{"key":"4273_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e33729","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033729","volume":"7","author":"D Kong","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kong D, Heath E, Chen W, Cher ML, Powell I, Heilbrun L, Li Y, Ali S, Sethi S, Hassan O (2012) Loss of let-7 up-regulates EZH2 in prostate cancer consistent with the acquisition of cancer stem cell signatures that are attenuated by BR-DIM. PLoS ONE 7:e33729","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"4273_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2284","volume":"17","author":"C Liu","year":"2011","unstructured":"Liu C, Kelnar K, Liu B, Chen X, Calhoun-Davis T, Li H, Patrawala L, Yan H, Jeter C, Honorio S (2011) The microRNA miR-34a inhibits prostate cancer stem cells and metastasis by directly repressing CD44. Nat Med 17:211\u2013215","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"4273_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/1476-4598-9-12","volume":"9","author":"M Folini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Folini M, Gandellini P, Longoni N, Profumo V, Callari M, Pennati M, Colecchia M, Supino R, Veneroni S, Salvioni R (2010) miR-21: an oncomir on strike in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer 9:1\u201312","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"4273_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13944","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0506654102","volume":"102","author":"A Cimmino","year":"2005","unstructured":"Cimmino A, Calin GA, Fabbri M, Iorio MV, Ferracin M, Shimizu M, Wojcik SE, Aqeilan RI, Zupo S, Dono M (2005) miR-15 and miR-16 induce apoptosis by targeting BCL2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:13944\u201313949","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"4273_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2013.1915","volume":"43","author":"B Verdoodt","year":"2013","unstructured":"Verdoodt B, Neid M, Vogt M, Kuhn V, Liffers S-T, Palisaar R-J, Noldus J, Tannapfel A, Mirmohammadsadegh A (2013) MicroRNA-205, a novel regulator of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl2, is downregulated in prostate cancer. Int J Oncol 43:307\u2013314","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2768","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.25269","volume":"127","author":"Z Hagman","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagman Z, Larne O, Edsj\u00f6 A, Bjartell A, Ehrnstr\u00f6m RA, Ulmert D, Lilja H, Ceder Y (2010) miR-34c is downregulated in prostate cancer and exerts tumor suppressive functions. Int J Cancer 127:2768\u20132776","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"4273_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1420","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI39104","volume":"119","author":"R Kalluri","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalluri R, Weinberg RA (2009) The basics of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. J Clin Investig 119:1420\u20131428","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4273_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1038\/ncb1722","volume":"10","author":"PA Gregory","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gregory PA, Bert AG, Paterson EL, Barry SC, Tsykin A, Farshid G, Vadas MA, Khew-Goodall Y, Goodall GJ (2008) The miR-200 family and miR-205 regulate epithelial to mesenchymal transition by targeting ZEB1 and SIP1. Nat Cell Biol 10:593\u2013601","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"key":"4273_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6566","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki965","volume":"33","author":"C Vandewalle","year":"2005","unstructured":"Vandewalle C, Comijn J, De Craene B, Vermassen P, Bruyneel E, Andersen H, Tulchinsky E, Van Roy F, Berx G (2005) SIP1\/ZEB2 induces EMT by repressing genes of different epithelial cell\u2013cell junctions. Nucleic Acids Res 33:6566\u20136578","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4273_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1038\/onc.2012.194","volume":"32","author":"V Coppola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Coppola V, Musumeci M, Patrizii M, Cannistraci A, Addario A, Maugeri-Sacca M, Biffoni M, Francescangeli F, Cordenonsi M, Piccolo S (2013) BTG2 loss and miR-21 upregulation contribute to prostate cell transformation by inducing luminal markers expression and epithelial\u2013mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 32:1843\u20131853","journal-title":"Oncogene"},{"key":"4273_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1515\/cclm-2015-1073","volume":"55","author":"X Filella","year":"2017","unstructured":"Filella X, Foj L (2017) miRNAs as novel biomarkers in the management of prostate cancer. Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM) 55:715\u2013736","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med (CCLM)"},{"key":"4273_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.23295","volume":"77","author":"L Foj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Foj L, Ferrer F, Serra M, Ar\u00e9valo A, Gavagnach M, Gim\u00e9nez N, Filella X (2017) Exosomal and non-exosomal urinary miRNAs in prostate cancer detection and prognosis. Prostate 77:573\u2013583","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"4273_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0032","volume":"25","author":"CA Heinlein","year":"2004","unstructured":"Heinlein CA, Chang C (2004) Androgen receptor in prostate cancer. Endocr Rev 25:276\u2013308","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"4273_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1002\/iub.1281","volume":"66","author":"S ChunJiao","year":"2014","unstructured":"ChunJiao S, Huan C, ChaoYang X, GuoMei R (2014) Uncovering the roles of miRNAs and their relationship with androgen receptor in prostate cancer. IUBMB Life 66:379\u2013386","journal-title":"IUBMB Life"},{"key":"4273_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2014.10.027","volume":"67","author":"R Ferraldeschi","year":"2015","unstructured":"Ferraldeschi R, Rodrigues DN, Riisnaes R, Miranda S, Figueiredo I, Rescigno P, Ravi P, Pezaro C, Omlin A, Lorente D (2015) PTEN protein loss and clinical outcome from castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with abiraterone acetate. Eur Urol 67:795\u2013802","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR78","first-page":"109","volume":"24","author":"A Muthuraman","year":"1991","unstructured":"Muthuraman A, Adiyodi K (1991) Biochemical composition of semen of Penaeus indicus (H. Milne Edwards). Mahasagar 24:109\u2013112","journal-title":"Mahasagar"},{"key":"4273_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0045(19970201)30:2<98::AID-PROS5>3.0.CO;2-G","volume":"30","author":"H Renneberg","year":"1997","unstructured":"Renneberg H, Konrad L, Dammsh\u00e4user I, Seitz J, Aum\u00fcller G (1997) Immunohistochemistry of prostasomes from human semen. Prostate 30:98\u2013106","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"4273_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1080\/00926239708404413","volume":"23","author":"ME Metz","year":"1997","unstructured":"Metz ME, Pryor JL, Nesvacil LJ, Abuzzahab F Sr, Koznar J (1997) Premature ejaculation: a psychophysiological review. J Sex Marital Ther 23:3\u201323","journal-title":"J Sex Marital Ther"},{"key":"4273_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0264.2004.00517.x","volume":"33","author":"M Cakir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cakir M, Karata\u015f A (2004) Histo-anatomical studies on the accessory reproductive glands of the anatolian souslik (Spermophilus xanthoprymnus) (Mammalia: Sciuridae). Anat Histol Embryol 33:146\u2013150","journal-title":"Anat Histol Embryol"},{"key":"4273_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7290","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gku347","volume":"42","author":"L Vojtech","year":"2014","unstructured":"Vojtech L, Woo S, Hughes S, Levy C, Ballweber L, Sauteraud RP, Strobl J, Westerberg K, Gottardo R, Tewari M (2014) Exosomes in human semen carry a distinctive repertoire of small non-coding RNAs with potential regulatory functions. Nucleic Acids Res 42:7290\u20137304","journal-title":"Nucleic Acids Res"},{"key":"4273_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1042\/bj0400481","volume":"40","author":"T Mann","year":"1946","unstructured":"Mann T (1946) Studies on the metabolism of semen: 3. Fructose as a normal constituent of seminal plasma. Site of formation and function of fructose in semen. Biochem J 40:481","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"4273_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0854-x","volume":"17","author":"JS Brzozowski","year":"2018","unstructured":"Brzozowski JS, Jankowski H, Bond DR, McCague SB, Munro BR, Predebon MJ, Scarlett CJ, Skelding KA, Weidenhofer J (2018) Lipidomic profiling of extracellular vesicles derived from prostate and prostate cancer cell lines. Lipids Health Dis 17:1\u201312","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"4273_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-13-0358","volume":"147","author":"M Aalberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Aalberts M, Stout T, Stoorvogel W (2014) Prostasomes: extracellular vesicles from the prostate. Reproduction 147:R1-14","journal-title":"Reproduction"},{"key":"4273_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-50172-6","volume":"9","author":"M Barcel\u00f3","year":"2019","unstructured":"Barcel\u00f3 M, Castells M, Bassas L, Vigu\u00e9s F, Larriba S (2019) Semen miRNAs contained in exosomes as non-invasive biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis. Sci Rep 9:1\u201316","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4273_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2008.10.023","volume":"181","author":"DH Williams","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williams DH, Karpman E, Sander JC, Spiess PE, Pisters LL, Lipshultz LI (2009) Pretreatment semen parameters in men with cancer. J Urol 181:736\u2013740","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12943-017-0644-5","volume":"16","author":"A Di Meo","year":"2017","unstructured":"Di Meo A, Bartlett J, Cheng Y, Pasic MD, Yousef GM (2017) Liquid biopsy: a step forward towards precision medicine in urologic malignancies. Mol Cancer 16:1\u201314","journal-title":"Mol Cancer"},{"key":"4273_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1464-410X.2007.07138.x","volume":"101","author":"AR Rao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rao AR, Motiwala HG, Karim OM (2008) The discovery of prostate-specific antigen. BJU Int 101:5\u201310","journal-title":"BJU Int"},{"key":"4273_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2488","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.bioconjchem.0c00500","volume":"31","author":"S Gutkin","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gutkin S, Green O, Raviv G, Shabat D, Portnoy O (2020) Powerful chemiluminescence probe for rapid detection of prostate specific antigen proteolytic activity: forensic identification of human semen. Bioconjug Chem 31:2488\u20132493","journal-title":"Bioconjug Chem"},{"key":"4273_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.1159\/000493255","volume":"11","author":"K Kumar","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kumar K, Ahmed R, Chukwunonso C, Tariq H, Niazi M, Makker J, Ihimoyan A (2018) Poorly differentiated small-cell-type neuroendocrine carcinoma of the prostate: a case report and literature review. Case Rep Oncol 11:676\u2013681","journal-title":"Case Rep Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1668","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.21383","volume":"71","author":"S Tai","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tai S, Sun Y, Squires JM, Zhang H, Oh WK, Liang CZ, Huang J (2011) PC3 is a cell line characteristic of prostatic small cell carcinoma. Prostate 71:1668\u20131679","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"4273_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/543272","volume":"2011","author":"P Furtado","year":"2011","unstructured":"Furtado P, Lima M, Nogueira C, Franco M, Tavora F (2011) Review of small cell carcinomas of the prostate. Prostate Cancer 2011:1\u20135","journal-title":"Prostate Cancer"},{"key":"4273_CR94","first-page":"212","volume":"3","author":"V Gangadharan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Gangadharan V, Prakash G, Eswari V, Kannan I (2014) Primary urothelial carcinoma of prostate: a rare case report. Int J Med Res Health Sci 3:212\u2013215","journal-title":"Int J Med Res Health Sci"},{"key":"4273_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2013.1557","volume":"6","author":"X Yang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Yang X, Xu C, Guo J, Yang C, Yang Y, Han R (2013) A novel subtype of primary prostatic adenocarcinoma: a case report. Oncol Lett 6:1303\u20131306","journal-title":"Oncol Lett"},{"key":"4273_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1102\/1470-7330.2013.0024","volume":"13","author":"A Andreou","year":"2013","unstructured":"Andreou A, Whitten C, MacVicar D, Fisher C, Sohaib A (2013) Imaging appearance of sarcomas of the prostate. Cancer Imaging 13:228","journal-title":"Cancer Imaging"},{"key":"4273_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/j.purol.2020.05.007","volume":"30","author":"G Mjaess","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mjaess G, Karam A, Aoun F, Albisinni S, Roumeguere T (2020) COVID-19 and the male susceptibility: the role of ACE2, TMPRSS2 and the androgen receptor. Prog Urol 30:484\u2013487","journal-title":"Prog Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.acc.2019.08.004","volume":"95","author":"S Baskaran","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baskaran S, Selvam MKP, Agarwal A (2020) Exosomes of male reproduction. Adv Clin Chem 95:149\u2013163","journal-title":"Adv Clin Chem"},{"key":"4273_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2986","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2010.090665","volume":"176","author":"Y-W Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen Y-W, Lee M-S, Lucht A, Chou F-P, Huang W, Havighurst TC, Kim K, Wang J-K, Antalis TM, Johnson MD (2010) TMPRSS2, a serine protease expressed in the prostate on the apical surface of luminal epithelial cells and released into semen in prostasomes, is misregulated in prostate cancer cells. Am J Pathol 176:2986\u20132996","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"4273_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2020.08.1143","volume":"114","author":"N Punjani","year":"2020","unstructured":"Punjani N, Hayden RP, Cai PY, Wei JT, Siddiqui J, Dudley VL, Feliciano M, Goldstein M (2020) PCA3 and tmprss: ERG assessment in semen: results of a phase I study. Fertil Steril 114:e389","journal-title":"Fertil Steril"},{"key":"4273_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"532.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.urolonc.2018.09.010","volume":"36","author":"T Etheridge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Etheridge T, Straus J, Ritter MA, Jarrard DF, Huang W (2018) Semen AMACR protein as a novel method for detecting prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 36:532.e1-532.e7","journal-title":"Urol Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR102","first-page":"2041","volume":"12","author":"M Barcel\u00f3","year":"2020","unstructured":"Barcel\u00f3 M, Castells M, P\u00e9rez-Riba M, Bassas L, Vigu\u00e9s F, Larriba S (2020) Seminal plasma microRNAs improve diagnosis\/prognosis of prostate cancer in men with moderately altered prostate-specific antigen. Am J Transl Res 12:2041","journal-title":"Am J Transl Res"},{"key":"4273_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers13020250","volume":"13","author":"X Ruiz-Plazas","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ruiz-Plazas X, Altuna-Coy A, Alves-Santiago M, Vila-Barja J, Garc\u00eda-Fontgivell JF, Mart\u00ednez-Gonz\u00e1lez S, Segarra-Tom\u00e1s J, Chac\u00f3n MR (2021) Liquid biopsy-based exo-oncomiRNAs can predict prostate cancer aggressiveness. Cancers 13:250","journal-title":"Cancers"},{"key":"4273_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1007\/s12253-018-0416-6","volume":"24","author":"G Ponti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ponti G, Maccaferri M, Mandrioli M, Manfredini M, Micali S, Cotugno M, Bianchi G, Ozben T, Pellacani G, Del Prete C (2018) Seminal cell-free DNA assessment as a novel prostate cancer biomarker. Pathol Oncol Res 24:941\u2013945","journal-title":"Pathol Oncol Res"},{"key":"4273_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI81128","volume":"126","author":"C Zijlstra","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zijlstra C, Stoorvogel W (2016) Prostasomes as a source of diagnostic biomarkers for prostate cancer. J Clin Investig 126:1144\u20131151","journal-title":"J Clin Investig"},{"key":"4273_CR106","first-page":"285","volume":"30","author":"KG Ronquist","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ronquist KG, Ronquist G, Larsson A, Carlsson L (2010) Proteomic analysis of prostate cancer metastasis-derived prostasomes. Anticancer Res 30:285\u2013290","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"4273_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1007\/s10456-017-9587-0","volume":"21","author":"KRK Reddy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Reddy KRK, Dasari C, Duscharla D, Supriya B, Ram NS, Surekha M, Kumar JM, Ummanni R (2018) Dimethylarginine dimethylaminohydrolase-1 (DDAH1) is frequently upregulated in prostate cancer, and its overexpression conveys tumor growth and angiogenesis by metabolizing asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). Angiogenesis 21:79\u201394","journal-title":"Angiogenesis"},{"key":"4273_CR108","first-page":"421","volume":"4","author":"M Daja","year":"2000","unstructured":"Daja M, Aghmesheh M, Ow K, Rohde P, Barrow K, Russell P (2000) Beta-human chorionic gonadotropin in semen: a marker for early detection of prostate cancer? Mol Urol 4:421\u2013427","journal-title":"Mol Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2018.02.430","volume":"199","author":"M Lazzeri","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lazzeri M, Colombo F, Chiereghin C, Buffi N, Casale P, Hurle R, Saita A, Lughezzani G, Asselta R, Colombo P (2018) PD06-10 liquid biopsy by prostate-derived tumor cells enriched from seminal fluid (SF): the semen prostate cancer tumor elements (Spectre) project. J Urol 199:e154\u2013e155","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-59622-y","volume":"10","author":"H Ideo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ideo H, Kondo J, Nomura T, Nonomura N, Inoue M, Amano J (2020) Study of glycosylation of prostate-specific antigen secreted by cancer tissue-originated spheroids reveals new candidates for prostate cancer detection. Sci Rep 10:1\u201313","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"4273_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1038\/nrurol.2016.89","volume":"13","author":"P Verze","year":"2016","unstructured":"Verze P, Cai T, Lorenzetti S (2016) The role of the prostate in male fertility, health and disease. Nat Rev Urol 13:379","journal-title":"Nat Rev Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2006.07.054","volume":"176","author":"EE Kline","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kline EE, Treat EG, Averna TA, Davis MS, Smith AY, Sillerud LO (2006) Citrate concentrations in human seminal fluid and expressed prostatic fluid determined via 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy outperform prostate specific antigen in prostate cancer detection. J Urol 176:2274\u20132279","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"4273_CR113","first-page":"48","volume":"5","author":"V Zaichick","year":"2019","unstructured":"Zaichick V, Zaichick S (2019) Significance of trace element quantities in the prostatic secretion of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. J Cancer Metastasis Treat 5:48","journal-title":"J Cancer Metastasis Treat"},{"key":"4273_CR114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1080\/0284186X.2016.1205219","volume":"56","author":"BS Hoppe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hoppe BS, Harris S, Rhoton-Vlasak A, Bryant C, Morris CG, Dagan R, Nichols RC, Mendenhall WM, Henderson RH, Li Z (2017) Sperm preservation and neutron contamination following proton therapy for prostate cancer study. Acta Oncol 56:17\u201320","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"4273_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1080\/07357907.2019.1565766","volume":"37","author":"RC Nichols","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nichols RC, Morris CG, Bryant C, Hoppe BS, Henderson RH, Mendenhall WM, Li Z, Costa JA, Williams CR, Mendenhall NP (2019) Serum testosterone 60 months after passive-scatter proton therapy for localized prostate cancer. Cancer Investig 37:85\u201389","journal-title":"Cancer Investig"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,25]],"date-time":"2024-01-25T16:53:41Z","timestamp":1706201621000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"references-count":115,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["4273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-021-04273-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8177","1573-4919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8177","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 May 2021","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 October 2021","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2021","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"All authors of this article declare that they have no conflict of interest.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}}]}}