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The present study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that hUCMSC-ex can alleviate excessive inflammation resulting from intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and facilitate the rehabilitation of the nervous system in rats. In vivo, hemorrhagic stroke was induced by injecting collagenase IV into the striatum of rats using stereotactic techniques. hUCMSC-ex were injected via the tail vein at 6\u00a0h after ICH model establishment at a dosage of 200\u00a0\u00b5g. In vitro, astrocytes were pretreated with hUCMSC-ex and then stimulated with hemin (20\u00a0\u03bcmol\/mL) to establish an ICH cell model. The expression of TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway proteins and inflammatory factors, including TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, and IL-10, was assessed both in vivo and in vitro to investigate the impact of hUCMSC-ex on inflammation. The neurological function of the ICH rats was evaluated using the corner turn test, forelimb placement test, Longa score, and Bederson score on the 1st, 3rd, and 5th day. Additionally, RT-PCR was employed to examine the mRNA expression of TLR4 following hUCMSC-ex treatment. The findings demonstrated that hUCMSC-ex downregulated the protein expression of TLR4, NF-\u03baB\/P65, and p-P65, reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-\u03b1 and IL-1\u03b2, and increased the expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10. Ultimately, the administration of hUCMSC-ex improved the behavioral performance of the ICH rats. However, the results of PT-PCR indicated that hUCMSC-ex did not affect the expression of TLR4 mRNA induced by ICH, suggesting that hUCMSCs-ex may inhibit TLR4 translation rather than transcription, thereby suppressing the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. We can conclude that hUCMSC-ex mitigates hyperinflammation following ICH by inhibiting the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB signaling pathway. This study provides preclinical evidence for the potential future application of hUCMSC-ex in the treatment of cerebral injury.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-04954-w","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]],"date-time":"2024-03-08T20:01:36Z","timestamp":1709928096000},"page":"309-323","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Exosomes derived from human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells decrease neuroinflammation and facilitate the restoration of nerve function in rats suffering from intracerebral hemorrhage"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"480","author":[{"given":"Chengrui","family":"Nan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aobo","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunpeng","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dongdong","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhimin","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianxu","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Huo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yayu","family":"Zhuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongmao","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,3,8]]},"reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"4954_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1159\/000441085","volume":"45","author":"VL Feigin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Feigin VL, Krishnamurthi RV, Parmar P, Norrving B, Mensah GA, Bennett DA et al (2015) Update on the global burden of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in 1990\u20132013: the GBD 2013 study. 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