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Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy benefits some advanced LSCC cases, yet its efficiency is limited by tumor complexity. We analyzed paired metastatic tumor samples from before and after immunotherapy using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), along with a primary LSCC dataset and bulk RNA sequencing. This identified changes post-immunotherapy and revealed differences in single-cell transcriptomes among LSCC, primBM, and neoBM. Our findings show that anti-PD-1 treatment suppresses metastasis-promoting pathways like VEGF and EMT in cancer cells, and alters immune cell functions. Notably, it upregulates T cell activation, leading to CD8 T cell exhaustion from excess heat shock proteins, notably HSPA8. However, CD8 T cell cytotoxic functions improve post-treatment. In myeloid cells, anti-PD-1 therapy enhances antigen presentation and promotes a proinflammatory shift post-metastasis. Additionally, NUPR1 is linked to BM in LSCC, and NEAT1 is a potential metastatic cancer cell cycle participant. Our study provides insights into cancer heterogeneity and the impact of PD-1 immunotherapy on metastasis, aiding precise diagnosis and prognosis.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-024-05064-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]],"date-time":"2024-08-01T02:02:43Z","timestamp":1722477763000},"page":"2377-2400","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Single-cell atlas profiling revealed cellular characteristics and dynamic changes after PD-1 blockade therapy of brain metastases from laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"480","author":[{"given":"Yunzhi","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zekun","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rong","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jixiang","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wanming","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuanzhong","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zeming","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shujuan","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zexian","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yonggao","family":"Mou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Depei","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xiaobing","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,8,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"5064_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21386","volume":"67","author":"CE Steuer","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steuer CE, El-Deiry M, Parks JR, Higgins KA, Saba NF (2017) An update on larynx cancer. 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