{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,27]],"date-time":"2026-10-27T17:29:00Z","timestamp":1793122140730,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]],"date-time":"2025-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743638400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"Basic Public Welfare Research Project of Zhejiang Province, China","award":["LGD22H310002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LGD22H310002"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Biochem"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,5]],"date-time":"2025-04-05T05:54:45Z","timestamp":1743832485000},"page":"4467-4481","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Sodium butyrate attenuates liver fibrogenesis via promoting H4K8 crotonylation"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"480","author":[{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hua","family":"Zha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rongrong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiawen","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lanjuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"5274_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-023-00807-x","volume":"20","author":"L Hammerich","year":"2023","unstructured":"Hammerich L, Tacke F (2023) Hepatic inflammatory responses in liver fibrosis. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 20:633\u2013646. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41575-023-00807-x","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5274_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Feng X, Feng B, Zhou J et al (2024) Mesenchymal stem cells alleviate mouse liver fibrosis by inhibiting pathogenic function of intrahepatic B cells. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) 39. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/hep.0000000000000831","DOI":"10.1097\/hep.0000000000000831"},{"key":"5274_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajps.2024.100889","volume":"19","author":"W Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen W, Lin F, Feng X et al (2024) MSC-derived exosomes attenuate hepatic fibrosis in primary sclerosing cholangitis through inhibition of Th17 differentiation. Asian J Pharm Sci 19:16. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajps.2024.100889","journal-title":"Asian J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Yao Q, Chen W, Yu Y et al (2023) Human placental mesenchymal stem cells relieve primary sclerosing cholangitis via upregulation of TGR5 in Mdr2~(-\/-)mice and human intrahepatic cholangiocyte organoid models. Research 6:0207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.34133\/research.0207","DOI":"10.34133\/research.0207"},{"key":"5274_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01374-x","volume":"398","author":"P Gin\u00e8s","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gin\u00e8s P, Krag A, Abraldes JG et al (2021) Liver cirrhosis. The Lancet 398:1359\u20131376. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)01374-x","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"5274_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1097\/im9.0000000000000139","volume":"6","author":"M Hong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hong M, Lian W, Yang Y et al (2024) Astragaloside IV alleviates acute liver failure induced by D-GalN\/LPS by upregulating autophagy and reducing inflammation. Infect Microbe Dis 6:20\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/im9.0000000000000139","journal-title":"Infect Microbe Dis"},{"key":"5274_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000137","volume":"6","author":"Y Zhao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhao Y, Yang S, Xing H (2024) Pulmonary bacterial infection and liver cirrhosis: current status and treatment. Infect Microbe Dis 6:4\u201310. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/IM9.0000000000000137","journal-title":"Infect Microbe Dis"},{"key":"5274_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.09.033","volume":"62","author":"A Page","year":"2015","unstructured":"Page A, Paoli PP, Hill SJ et al (2015) Alcohol directly stimulates epigenetic modifications in hepatic stellate cells. J Hepatol 62:388\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.09.033","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"5274_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2209","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.015","volume":"154","author":"C Dou","year":"2018","unstructured":"Dou C, Liu Z, Tu K et al (2018) P300 acetyltransferase mediates stiffness-induced activation of hepatic stellate cells into tumor-promoting myofibroblasts. Gastroenterology 154:2209-2221.e2214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.02.015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"5274_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1211","DOI":"10.1038\/s41418-023-01130-3","volume":"30","author":"Y Feng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feng Y, Guo S, Zhao Y et al (2023) DNA 5mC and RNA mA modification successively facilitates the initiation and perpetuation stages of HSC activation in liver fibrosis progression. Cell Death Differ 30:1211\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41418-023-01130-3","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"5274_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20061329","volume":"20","author":"S Yoon","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yoon S, Kang G, Eom GH (2019) HDAC inhibitors: therapeutic potential in fibrosis-associated human diseases. Int J Mol Sci 20:1329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms20061329","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"941","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-021-00725-1","volume":"43","author":"H-M Huang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Huang H-M, Fan S-J, Zhou X-R et al (2021) Histone deacetylase inhibitor givinostat attenuates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis. Acta Pharmacol Sin 43:941\u2013953. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-021-00725-1","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"5274_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","volume":"24","author":"ER Mann","year":"2024","unstructured":"Mann ER, Lam YK, Uhlig HH (2024) Short-chain fatty acids: linking diet, the microbiome and immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 24:577\u2013595. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-024-01014-8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"5274_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111852","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111852","volume":"131","author":"L Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang L, Ma Z, Zhang X et al (2024) Butyrate alleviates alcoholic liver disease-associated inflammation through macrophage regulation and polarization via the HDAC1\/miR-155 axis. Int Immunopharmacol 131:111852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.intimp.2024.111852","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol"},{"key":"5274_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166984","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166984","volume":"1870","author":"H Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen H, Qian Y, Jiang C et al (2024) Butyrate ameliorated ferroptosis in ulcerative colitis through modulating Nrf2\/GPX4 signal pathway and improving intestinal barrier. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1870:166984. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2023.166984","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"5274_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2112","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330291","volume":"72","author":"X Kang","year":"2023","unstructured":"Kang X, Liu C, Ding Y et al (2023) Roseburia intestinalis generated butyrate boosts anti-PD-1 efficacy in colorectal cancer by activating cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Gut 72:2112\u20132122. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/gutjnl-2023-330291","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"5274_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.3892\/ijo.2024.5632","volume":"64","author":"J Sun","year":"2024","unstructured":"Sun J, Chen S, Zang D et al (2024) Butyrate as a promising therapeutic target in cancer: From pathogenesis to clinic (Review). Int J Oncol 64:44. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijo.2024.5632","journal-title":"Int J Oncol"},{"key":"5274_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo11050258","volume":"11","author":"HY Lee","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lee HY, Nam S, Kim MJ et al (2021) Butyrate prevents TGF-\u03b21-induced alveolar myofibroblast differentiation and modulates energy metabolism. Metabolites 11:258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/metabo11050258","journal-title":"Metabolites"},{"key":"5274_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1954","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121954","volume":"9","author":"E Gart","year":"2021","unstructured":"Gart E, Wv D, Toet K et al (2021) Butyrate protects against diet-induced NASH and liver fibrosis and suppresses specific non-canonical TGF-\u03b2 signaling pathways in human hepatic stellate cells. Biomedicines 9:1954. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9121954","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"5274_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993146","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.993146","volume":"13","author":"X He","year":"2022","unstructured":"He X, Zhang T, Zeng Y et al (2022) Sodium butyrate mediates histone crotonylation and alleviated neonatal rats hypoxic-ischemic brain injury through gut-brain axis. Front Microbiol 13:993146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2022.993146","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5274_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/s13072-021-00385-9","volume":"14","author":"K Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li K, Wang Z (2021) Histone crotonylation-centric gene regulation. Epigenetics Chromatin 14:10. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13072-021-00385-9","journal-title":"Epigenetics Chromatin"},{"key":"5274_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-017-02651-5","volume":"9","author":"R Fellows","year":"2018","unstructured":"Fellows R, Denizot J, Stellato C et al (2018) Microbiota derived short chain fatty acids promote histone crotonylation in the colon through histone deacetylases. Nat Commun 9:105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-017-02651-5","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5274_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0201073","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0201073","volume":"13","author":"S Yuille","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yuille S, Reichardt N, Panda S et al (2018) Human gut bacteria as potent class I histone deacetylase inhibitors in vitro through production of butyric acid and valeric acid. PLoS One 13:e0201073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0201073","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5274_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1716","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37831-6","volume":"254","author":"LS Cousens","year":"1979","unstructured":"Cousens LS, Gallwitz D, Alberts BM (1979) Different accessibilities in chromatin to histone acetylase. J Biol Chem 254:1716\u20131723. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)37831-6","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"5274_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2485S","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2485S","volume":"133","author":"JR Davie","year":"2003","unstructured":"Davie JR (2003) Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by butyrate. J Nutr 133:2485S-2493S. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/jn\/133.7.2485S","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"5274_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgi253","volume":"27","author":"RH Dashwood","year":"2005","unstructured":"Dashwood RH, Myzak MC, Ho E (2005) Dietary HDAC inhibitors: time to rethink weak ligands in cancer chemoprevention? Carcinogenesis 27:344\u2013349. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/carcin\/bgi253","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"5274_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.2174\/138945012802008973","volume":"13","author":"LA Salvador","year":"2012","unstructured":"Salvador LA, Luesch H (2012) Discovery and mechanism of natural products as modulators of histone acetylation. Curr Drug Targets 13:1029\u20131047. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/138945012802008973","journal-title":"Curr Drug Targets"},{"key":"5274_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s10555-023-10117-y","volume":"42","author":"MA Feitelson","year":"2023","unstructured":"Feitelson MA, Arzumanyan A, Medhat A et al (2023) Short-chain fatty acids in cancer pathogenesis. Cancer Metastasis Rev 42:677\u2013698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10555-023-10117-y","journal-title":"Cancer Metastasis Rev"},{"key":"5274_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06061-0","volume":"617","author":"H Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan H, Wu X, Wu Q et al (2023) Lysine catabolism reprograms tumour immunity through histone crotonylation. Nature 617:818\u2013826. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41586-023-06061-0","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"5274_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20701","volume":"41","author":"DE Kleiner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kleiner DE, Brunt EM, Natta MV et al (2005) Design and validation of a histological scoring system for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology 41:1313\u20131321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hep.20701","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"5274_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1278968","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2023.1278968","volume":"11","author":"X Huang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Huang X, Zhang L, Luo W et al (2024) Endothelial anthrax toxin receptor 2 plays a protective role in liver fibrosis. Front Cell Develop Biol 11:1278968. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fcell.2023.1278968","journal-title":"Front Cell Develop Biol"},{"key":"5274_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G245","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.2.G245","volume":"279","author":"MJ Arthur","year":"2000","unstructured":"Arthur MJ (2000) Fibrogenesis II. Metalloproteinases and their inhibitors in liver fibrosis. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 279:G245\u2013G249. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.2.G245","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"5274_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jare.2023.02.007","volume":"55","author":"X Dong","year":"2024","unstructured":"Dong X, Lu S, Tian Y et al (2024) Bavachinin protects the liver in NAFLD by promoting regeneration via targeting PCNA. J Adv Res 55:131\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jare.2023.02.007","journal-title":"J Adv Res"},{"key":"5274_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Araujo LCC, Dias CCB, Sucupira FG et al (2024) A short-term rodent model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis induced by a high-fat diet and carbon tetrachloride. Bioscience Reports 44:BSR20231532. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/bsr20231532","DOI":"10.1042\/bsr20231532"},{"key":"5274_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113869","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113869","volume":"176","author":"S Kumar","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kumar S, Duan Q, Wu R et al (2021) Pathophysiological communication between hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in liver injury from NAFLD to liver fibrosis. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 176:113869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2021.113869","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"key":"5274_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1097\/jcma.0000000000000437","volume":"84","author":"Y-S Huang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Huang Y-S, Chang T-E, Perng C-L et al (2020) Genetic variations of three important antioxidative enzymes SOD2, CAT, and GPX1 in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Chin Med Assoc 84:14\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/jcma.0000000000000437","journal-title":"J Chin Med Assoc"},{"key":"5274_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01967","volume":"9","author":"J Ye","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ye J, Lv L, Wu W et al (2018) Butyrate protects mice against methionine-choline-deficient diet-induced non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by improving gut barrier function, attenuating inflammation and reducing endotoxin levels. Front Microbiol 9:1967. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmicb.2018.01967","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"5274_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1968257","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2021.1968257","volume":"13","author":"G Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li G, Lin J, Zhang C et al (2021) Microbiota metabolite butyrate constrains neutrophil functions and ameliorates mucosal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease. Gut microbes 13:1968257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/19490976.2021.1968257","journal-title":"Gut microbes"},{"key":"5274_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1111\/febs.17005","volume":"291","author":"SS Pedersen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Pedersen SS, Ingerslev LR, Olsen M et al (2024) Butyrate functions as a histone deacetylase inhibitor to protect pancreatic beta cells from IL-1\u03b2-induced dysfunction. FEBS J 291:566\u2013583. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/febs.17005","journal-title":"FEBS J"},{"key":"5274_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102822","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102822","volume":"65","author":"Y He","year":"2023","unstructured":"He Y, Ling Y, Zhang Z et al (2023) Butyrate reverses ferroptosis resistance in colorectal cancer by inducing c-Fos-dependent xCT suppression. Redox Biol 65:102822. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102822","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"5274_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110875","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110875","volume":"111","author":"D Tian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Tian D, Zeng X, Gong Y et al (2023) HDAC1 inhibits beige adipocyte-mediated thermogenesis through histone crotonylation of Pgc1a\/Ucp1. Cell Signal 111:110875. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellsig.2023.110875","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"5274_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.2337\/db11-0846","volume":"61","author":"H Li","year":"2012","unstructured":"Li H, Gao Z, Zhang J et al (2012) Sodium butyrate stimulates expression of fibroblast growth factor 21 in liver by inhibition of histone deacetylase 3. Diabetes 61:797\u2013806. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/db11-0846","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"5274_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15506","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232415506","volume":"23","author":"S Bridgeman","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bridgeman S, Woo HC, Newsholme P et al (2022) Butyrate lowers cellular cholesterol through HDAC inhibition and impaired SREBP-2 signalling. Int J Mol Sci 23:15506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232415506","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21069","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151121069","volume":"15","author":"J Sun","year":"2014","unstructured":"Sun J, Wu Q, Sun H et al (2014) Inhibition of histone deacetylase by butyrate protects rat liver from ischemic reperfusion injury. Int J Mol Sci 15:21069\u201321079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms151121069","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1038\/s41419-023-05853-6","volume":"14","author":"A Sarkar","year":"2023","unstructured":"Sarkar A, Mitra P, Lahiri A et al (2023) Butyrate limits inflammatory macrophage niche in NASH. Cell Death Dis 14:332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41419-023-05853-6","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"5274_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1285","volume":"31","author":"H-G Wang","year":"2013","unstructured":"Wang H-G, Huang X-D, Shen P et al (2013) Anticancer effects of sodium butyrate on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Mol Med 31:967\u2013974. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3892\/ijmm.2013.1285","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"key":"5274_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14690","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-32927-9","volume":"8","author":"RDW Kelly","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kelly RDW, Chandru A, Watson PJ et al (2018) Histone deacetylase (HDAC) 1 and 2 complexes regulate both histone acetylation and crotonylation in vivo. Sci Rep 8:14690. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-018-32927-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"5274_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.21037\/atm-22-4371","volume":"11","author":"L Chen","year":"2023","unstructured":"Chen L, He J, Zhang Y et al (2023) Regulation of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition by histone deacetylase 3 posttranslational modifications in neointimal hyperplasia. Ann Transl Med 11:207. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/atm-22-4371","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"5274_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2016.07.003","volume":"306","author":"X Li","year":"2016","unstructured":"Li X, Wu X-Q, Xu T et al (2016) Role of histone deacetylases(HDACs) in progression and reversal of liver fibrosis. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 306:58\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.taap.2016.07.003","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"5274_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14040765","volume":"14","author":"S Eslick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Eslick S, Williams EJ, Berthon BS et al (2022) Weight loss and short-chain fatty acids reduce systemic inflammation in monocytes and adipose tissue macrophages from obese subjects. Nutrients 14:765. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu14040765","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"5274_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-023-01955-7","volume":"47","author":"C Hu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hu C, Zeng D, Huang Y et al (2024) Sodium butyrate ameliorates atopic dermatitis-induced inflammation by inhibiting HDAC3-mediated STAT1 and NF-\u03baB pathway. Inflammation 47:989\u20131001. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10753-023-01955-7","journal-title":"Inflammation"},{"key":"5274_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0282685","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0282685","volume":"18","author":"H Ma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Ma H, Yang L, Liu Y et al (2023) Butyrate suppresses atherosclerotic inflammation by regulating macrophages and polarization via GPR43\/HDAC-miRNAs axis in ApoE-\/- mice. PLoS One 18:e0282685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0282685","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"5274_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.38","volume":"14","author":"T Tsuchida","year":"2017","unstructured":"Tsuchida T, Friedman SL (2017) Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 14:397\u2013411. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.38","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"5274_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2321","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9102321","volume":"9","author":"A Claveria-Cabello","year":"2020","unstructured":"Claveria-Cabello A, Colyn L, Arechederra M et al (2020) Epigenetics in liver fibrosis: could HDACs be a therapeutic target? Cells 9:2321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9102321","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"5274_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.2147\/dddt.S368306","volume":"16","author":"X-F Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen X-F, Ji S (2022) Sorafenib attenuates fibrotic hepatic injury through mediating lysine crotonylation. Drug Des Devel Ther 16:2133\u20132144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2147\/dddt.S368306","journal-title":"Drug Des Devel Ther"},{"key":"5274_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47315-3","volume":"15","author":"L Li","year":"2024","unstructured":"Li L, Xiang T, Guo J et al (2024) Inhibition of ACSS2-mediated histone crotonylation alleviates kidney fibrosis via IL-1\u03b2-dependent macrophage activation and tubular cell senescence. Nat Commun 15:3200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-47315-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"5274_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109015","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envint.2024.109015","volume":"192","author":"C Xue","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xue C, Zhu S, Li Y et al (2024) Cold exposure accelerates lysine catabolism to promote cold acclimation via remodeling hepatic histone crotonylation. Environ Int 192:109015. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.envint.2024.109015","journal-title":"Environ Int"},{"key":"5274_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e699","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.699","volume":"12","author":"W Liao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Liao W, Xu N, Zhang H et al (2022) Persistent high glucose induced EPB41L4A-AS1 inhibits glucose uptake via GCN5 mediating crotonylation and acetylation of histones and non-histones. Clin Transl Med 12:e699. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ctm2.699","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med"},{"key":"5274_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696061","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2021.696061","volume":"12","author":"J Yang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yang J, He Z, Chen C et al (2021) Toxoplasma gondii infection inhibits histone crotonylation to regulate immune response of porcine alveolar macrophages. Front Immunol 12:696061. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2021.696061","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"5274_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.02.029","volume":"58","author":"BR Sabari","year":"2015","unstructured":"Sabari BR, Tang Z, Huang H et al (2015) Intracellular crotonyl-CoA stimulates transcription through p300-catalyzed histone crotonylation. Mol Cell 58:203\u2013215. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2015.02.029","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"5274_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1238706","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2023.1238706","volume":"14","author":"Z Liu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Liu Z, Yang J, Du M et al (2023) Functioning and mechanisms of PTMs in renal diseases. Front Pharmacol 14:1238706. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fphar.2023.1238706","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol"},{"key":"5274_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.07.011","volume":"67","author":"S Liu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Liu S, Yu H, Liu Y et al (2017) Chromodomain protein CDYL acts as a crotonyl-CoA hydratase to regulate histone crotonylation and spermatogenesis. Mol Cell 67:853\u2013866. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.07.011","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"5274_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1016\/j.stem.2020.12.009","volume":"28","author":"Y Fang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Fang Y, Xu X, Ding J et al (2021) Histone crotonylation promotes mesoendodermal commitment of human embryonic stem cells. Cell Stem Cell 28:748\u2013763. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.stem.2020.12.009","journal-title":"Cell Stem Cell"},{"key":"5274_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1066","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.120.049438","volume":"143","author":"X Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang X, Chen X-F, Sun X et al (2021) Short-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase mediates histone crotonylation and contributes to cardiac homeostasis. Circulation 143:1066\u20131069. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/circulationaha.120.049438","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"5274_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6632266","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/6632266","volume":"2021","author":"R Tang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Tang R, Li L (2021) Modulation of short-chain fatty acids as potential therapy method for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol 2021:6632266. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2021\/6632266","journal-title":"Can J Infect Dis Med Microbiol"},{"key":"5274_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6442","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.4279","volume":"12","author":"X Zhang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Zhang X, Xu J, Dong X et al (2024) Bifidobacterium longumBL-19 inhibits oxidative stress and inflammatory damage in the liver of mice with NAFLD by regulating the production of butyrate in the intestine. Food Sci Nutr 12:6442\u20136460. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.4279","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"5274_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1017\/s0007114519001399","volume":"122","author":"B Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun B, Jia Y, Yang S et al (2019) Sodium butyrate protects against high-fat diet-induced oxidative stress in rat liver by promoting expression of nuclear factor E2-related factor 2. Br J Nutr 122:400\u2013410. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/s0007114519001399","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"5274_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10427","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02499","volume":"71","author":"Q Zong","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zong Q, Li K, Qu H et al (2023) Sodium butyrate ameliorates deoxynivalenol-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in the porcine liver via NR4A2-mediated histone acetylation. J Agric Food Chem 71:10427\u201310437. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.jafc.3c02499","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"5274_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.016","volume":"152","author":"W Guo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Guo W, Liu J, Sun J et al (2020) Butyrate alleviates oxidative stress by regulating NRF2 nuclear accumulation and H3K9\/14 acetylation via GPR109A in bovine mammary epithelial cells and mammary glands. Free Radic Biol Med 152:728\u2013742. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2020.01.016","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"key":"5274_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14334","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14334","volume":"46","author":"X Tang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Tang X, Sun Y, Li Y et al (2022) Sodium butyrate protects against oxidative stress in high-fat-diet-induced obese rats by promoting GSK-3\u03b2\/Nrf2 signaling pathway and mitochondrial function. J Food Biochem 46:e14334. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jfbc.14334","journal-title":"J Food Biochem"},{"key":"5274_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.12.009","volume":"168","author":"D Li","year":"2021","unstructured":"Li D, Bai X, Jiang Y et al (2021) Butyrate alleviates PTZ-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuron apoptosis in mice via Keap1\/Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Brain Res Bull 168:25\u201335. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2020.12.009","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"key":"5274_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9420","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms25179420","volume":"25","author":"Q Xu","year":"2024","unstructured":"Xu Q, Guo M, Wang H et al (2024) A butyrate-yielding dietary supplement prevents acute alcoholic liver injury by modulating Nrf2-mediated hepatic oxidative stress and gut microbiota. Int J Mol Sci 25:9420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms25179420","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3745135","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3745135","volume":"2022","author":"X Li","year":"2022","unstructured":"Li X, Wang C, Zhu J et al (2022) Sodium butyrate ameliorates oxidative stress-induced intestinal epithelium barrier injury and mitochondrial damage through AMPK-mitophagy pathway. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2022:3745135. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/3745135","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"5274_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2981","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-023-07845-0","volume":"68","author":"Z Bian","year":"2023","unstructured":"Bian Z, Zhang Q, Qin Y et al (2023) Sodium butyrate inhibits oxidative stress and NF-\u03baB\/NLRP3 activation in dextran sulfate sodium salt-induced colitis in mice with involvement of the Nrf2 signaling pathway and mitophagy. Dig Dis Sci 68:2981\u20132996. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10620-023-07845-0","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"5274_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114515003621","volume":"114","author":"CJ Jin","year":"2015","unstructured":"Jin CJ, Sellmann C, Engstler AJ et al (2015) Supplementation of sodium butyrate protects mice from the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Br J Nutr 114:1745\u20131755. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S0007114515003621","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"5274_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burns.2021.11.009","volume":"48","author":"B Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou B, Ba T, Wang L et al (2022) Combination of sodium butyrate and probiotics ameliorates severe burn-induced intestinal injury by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Burns 48:1213\u20131220. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.burns.2021.11.009","journal-title":"Burns"},{"key":"5274_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.24683","volume":"84","author":"X Hua","year":"2024","unstructured":"Hua X, Zhang J, Chen J et al (2024) Sodium butyrate alleviates experimental autoimmune prostatitis by inhibiting oxidative stress and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via the Nrf2\/HO-1 pathway. Prostate 84:666\u2013681. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/pros.24683","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"key":"5274_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.10.007","volume":"163","author":"Z Zhao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Zhao Z, Tong Y, Kang Y et al (2023) Sodium butyrate (SB) ameliorated inflammation of COPD induced by cigarette smoke through activating the GPR43 to inhibit NF-\u03baB\/MAPKs signaling pathways. Mol Immunol 163:224\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.molimm.2023.10.007","journal-title":"Mol Immunol"},{"key":"5274_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1159\/000510886","volume":"80","author":"J Rode","year":"2021","unstructured":"Rode J, Yang L, K\u00f6nig J et al (2021) Butyrate rescues oxidative stress-induced transport deficits of tryptophan: potential implication in affective or gut-brain axis disorders. Neuropsychobiology 80:253\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000510886","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"5274_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117821","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117821","volume":"291","author":"J Xia","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xia J, Zhang X, Xu L et al (2025) Sodium butyrate attenuates oxidative stress, apoptosis, and excessive mitophagy in sodium fluoride-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 291:117821. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ecoenv.2025.117821","journal-title":"Ecotoxicol Environ Saf"},{"key":"5274_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01550-9","volume":"40","author":"OL Adebayo","year":"2025","unstructured":"Adebayo OL, Luro GE, Akeju ID et al (2025) Sodium butyrate ameliorates mitochondrial oxidative stress and alterations in membrane-bound enzyme activities in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling rat model. Metab Brain Dis 40:120. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01550-9","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"5274_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104912","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellimm.2024.104912","volume":"408","author":"J Bakshi","year":"2025","unstructured":"Bakshi J, Mishra KP (2025) Sodium butyrate prevents lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation and restores the expression of tight junction protein in human epithelial Caco-2 cells. Cell Immunol 408:104912. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cellimm.2024.104912","journal-title":"Cell Immunol"},{"key":"5274_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2398891","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2024.2398891","volume":"29","author":"Z-S Tao","year":"2024","unstructured":"Tao Z-S, Ma T (2024) Sodium butyrate protect bone mass in lipopolysaccharide-treated rats by reducing oxidative stress and inflammatory. Redox Rep 29:2398891. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13510002.2024.2398891","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"5274_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metop.2020.100043","volume":"7","author":"K Honma","year":"2020","unstructured":"Honma K, Oshima K, Takami S et al (2020) Regulation of hepatic genes related to lipid metabolism and antioxidant enzymes by sodium butyrate supplementation. Metabolism Open 7:100043. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metop.2020.100043","journal-title":"Metabolism Open"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T19:02:52Z","timestamp":1752606172000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,7]]}},"alternative-id":["5274"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-025-05274-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0300-8177","1573-4919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0300-8177","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-4919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"9 December 2024","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors state that no conflicts of interest exist regarding the publication of this work.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Conflict of interest"}},{"value":"All animal procedures received approval from the Animal Care and Use Committee at the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine (Permit Number: 2023-964).","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethical approval"}}]}}