{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:52:32Z","timestamp":1791247952623,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784505600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["82070341"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82070341"]}],"id":[{"id":"https:\/\/ror.org\/01h0zpd94","id-type":"ROR","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province","award":["2020J011074"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2020J011074"]}]},{"name":"Science and Technology Foundation of Fuzhou","award":["2017-S-179"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-S-179"]}]},{"name":"Fuzhou key specialty construction project","award":["20191005"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20191005"]}]},{"name":"Fuzhou \u201c14th Five-Year Plan\u201d Clinical Specialty Training and Cultivation Construction Project","award":["20220103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20220103"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Mol Cell Biochem"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]],"date-time":"2026-07-20T09:20:20Z","timestamp":1784539220000},"page":"4139-4155","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Effects of different intensity endurance training on atrial fibrillation in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"481","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-3308","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jingwen","family":"Xiao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuanchuan","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinqi","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhengnan","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"5655_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1078","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.04.296","volume":"27","author":"AD Elliott","year":"2018","unstructured":"Elliott AD, Linz D, Verdicchio CV, Sanders P (2018) Exercise and atrial fibrillation: prevention or causation? Heart Lung Circ 27(9):1078\u20131085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.04.296","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"9","key":"5655_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/eup197","volume":"11","author":"J Abdulla","year":"2009","unstructured":"Abdulla J, Nielsen JR (2009) Is the risk of atrial fibrillation higher in athletes than in the general population? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Europace 11(9):1156\u20131159. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/europace\/eup197","journal-title":"Europace"},{"issue":"8","key":"5655_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.047","volume":"114","author":"M Myrstad","year":"2014","unstructured":"Myrstad M, Nystad W, Graff-Iversen S, Thelle DS, Stigum H, Aaronaes M, Ranhoff AH (2014) Effect of years of endurance exercise on risk of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Am J Cardiol 114(8):1229\u20131233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.07.047","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833226be","volume":"17","author":"J Grimsmo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Grimsmo J, Grundvold I, Maehlum S, Arnesen H (2010) High prevalence of atrial fibrillation in long-term endurance cross-country skiers: echocardiographic findings and possible predictors\u2013a 28\u201330 years follow-up study. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil 17(1):100\u2013105. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/HJR.0b013e32833226be","journal-title":"Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil"},{"issue":"6","key":"5655_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"624","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318754930","volume":"25","author":"B Morseth","year":"2018","unstructured":"Morseth B, Lochen ML, Ariansen I, Myrstad M, Thelle DS (2018) The ambiguity of physical activity, exercise and atrial fibrillation. Eur J Prev Cardiol 25(6):624\u2013636. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/2047487318754930","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0170060","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0170060","volume":"12","author":"AK Skielboe","year":"2017","unstructured":"Skielboe AK, Bandholm TQ, Hakmann S, Mourier M, Kallemose T, Dixen U (2017) Cardiovascular exercise and burden of arrhythmia in patients with atrial fibrillation - A randomized controlled trial. PLoS ONE 12(2):e0170060. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0170060","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"25","key":"5655_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2472","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab250","volume":"42","author":"S Khurshid","year":"2021","unstructured":"Khurshid S, Weng LC, Al-Alusi MA, Halford JL, Haimovich JS, Benjamin EJ, Trinquart L, Ellinor PT, McManus DD, Lubitz SA (2021) Accelerometer-derived physical activity and risk of atrial fibrillation. Eur Heart J 42(25):2472\u20132483. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehab250","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.091","volume":"62","author":"E Guasch","year":"2013","unstructured":"Guasch E, Benito B, Qi X, Cifelli C, Naud P, Shi Y, Mighiu A, Tardif JC, Tadevosyan A, Chen Y et al (2013) Atrial fibrillation promotion by endurance exercise: demonstration and mechanistic exploration in an animal model. J Am Coll Cardiol 62(1):68\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.01.091","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.12182\/20200360203","volume":"51","author":"D Yuan","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yuan D, Tan C, Yao JM, Li D, Huang SH, Wu Z (2020) Effects of continuous training on the induction of atrial fibrillation in a rabbit Model. Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban 51(2):213\u2013218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.12182\/20200360203","journal-title":"Sichuan Da Xue Xue Bao Yi Xue Ban"},{"issue":"6868","key":"5655_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/415219a","volume":"415","author":"S Nattel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Nattel S (2002) New ideas about atrial fibrillation 50 years on. Nature 415(6868):219\u2013226. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/415219a","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"5655_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00002.2005","volume":"85","author":"JM Nerbonne","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nerbonne JM, Kass RS (2005) Molecular physiology of cardiac repolarization. Physiol Rev 85(4):1205\u20131253. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00002.2005","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5655_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33549\/physiolres.933270","author":"P Konopelski","year":"2016","unstructured":"Konopelski P, Ufnal M (2016) Electrocardiography in rats: a comparison to human. Physiol Res. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.33549\/physiolres.933270","journal-title":"Physiol Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1097\/00005344-200407000-00017","volume":"44","author":"K Haugan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Haugan K, Lam HR, Knudsen CB, Petersen JS (2004) Atrial fibrillation in rats induced by rapid transesophageal atrial pacing during brief episodes of asphyxia: a new in vivo model. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 44(1):125","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol"},{"issue":"3","key":"5655_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1967.23.3.401","volume":"23","author":"S Robert","year":"1967","unstructured":"Robert S, Fraser CH (1967) Terence Wiley. Electrocardiogram in the normal rat. J Appl Physiol 23(3):401\u2013402","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"5655_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302095","volume":"113","author":"SC Kolwicz Jr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kolwicz SC Jr., Purohit S, Tian R (2013) Cardiac metabolism and its interactions with contraction, growth, and survival of cardiomyocytes. Circ Res 113(5):603\u2013616. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.113.302095","journal-title":"Circ Res"},{"key":"5655_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13247691","author":"M Ostojic","year":"2024","unstructured":"Ostojic M, Ostojic M, Petrovic O, Nedeljkovic-Arsenovic O, Perone F, Banovic M, Stojmenovic T, Stojmenovic D, Giga V, Beleslin B et al (2024) Endurance sports and atrial fibrillation: a puzzling conundrum. J Clin Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13247691","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"5655_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s44325-024-00032-8","author":"LW La Spencer","year":"2024","unstructured":"Spencer LW, D\u2019Ambrosio P, Ohanian M, Rowe SJ, Janssens K, Claessen G, Fatkin D, La Gerche A (2024) Atrial cardiomyopathy in endurance athletes. NPJ Cardiovasc Health. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s44325-024-00032-8","journal-title":"NPJ Cardiovasc Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"5655_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1113\/jp285697","volume":"602","author":"RA Gorman","year":"2024","unstructured":"Gorman RA, Yakobov S, Polidovitch N, Debi R, Sanfrancesco VC, Hood DA, Lakin R, Backx PH (2024) The effects of daily dose of intense exercise on cardiac responses and atrial fibrillation. J Physiol 602(4):569\u2013596. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/jp285697","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"5655_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/MCA.0b013e32834993d9","volume":"22","author":"XY Tang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tang XY, Hong HS, Chen LL, Lin XH, Lin JH, Lin Z (2011) Effects of exercise of different intensities on the angiogenesis, infarct healing, and function of the left ventricle in postmyocardial infarction rats. Coron Artery Dis 22(7):497\u2013506. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/MCA.0b013e32834993d9","journal-title":"Coron Artery Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"5655_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1113\/EP087994","volume":"105","author":"M Ramez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ramez M, Ramezani F, Nasirinezhad F, Rajabi H (2020) High-intensity interval training increases myocardial levels of Klotho and protects the heart against ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Physiol 105(4):652\u2013665. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/EP087994","journal-title":"Exp Physiol"},{"key":"5655_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e5017","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.5017","volume":"6","author":"DV Zaretsky","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zaretsky DV, Kline H, Zaretskaia MV, Rusyniak DE (2018) Automatic analysis of treadmill running to estimate times to fatigue and exhaustion in rodents. PeerJ 6:e5017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7717\/peerj.5017","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2022.2046423","volume":"27","author":"B Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang B, Pan C, Feng C, Yan C, Yu Y, Chen Z, Guo C, Wang X (2022) Role of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species in homeostasis regulation. Redox Rep 27(1):45\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13510002.2022.2046423","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2002-0012","volume":"24","author":"P Puigserver","year":"2003","unstructured":"Puigserver P, Spiegelman BM (2003) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha): transcriptional coactivator and metabolic regulator. Endocr Rev 24(1):78\u201390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/er.2002-0012","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"5655_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1876","DOI":"10.3390\/biom11121876","volume":"11","author":"A Takeuchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Takeuchi A, Matsuoka S (2021) Physiological and Pathophysiological Roles of Mitochondrial Na(+)-Ca(2+) Exchanger, NCLX, in Hearts. Biomolecules 11(12):1876. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biom11121876","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"4","key":"5655_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt154","volume":"99","author":"S Herrmann","year":"2013","unstructured":"Herrmann S, Lipp P, Wiesen K, Stieber J, Nguyen H, Kaiser E, Ludwig A (2013) The cardiac sodium-calcium exchanger NCX1 is a key player in the initiation and maintenance of a stable heart rhythm. Cardiovasc Res 99(4):780\u2013788. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/cvr\/cvt154","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"380","DOI":"10.1080\/07391102.2016.1144528","volume":"35","author":"R Bhuyan","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bhuyan R, Seal A (2017) Dynamics and modulation studies of human voltage gated Kv1.5 channel. J Biomol Struct Dyn 35(2):380\u2013398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07391102.2016.1144528","journal-title":"J Biomol Struct Dyn"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.173","volume":"14","author":"E Guasch","year":"2016","unstructured":"Guasch E, Mont L (2016) Diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of exercise-induced arrhythmias. Nat Reviews Cardiol 14(2):88\u2013101. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrcardio.2016.173","journal-title":"Nat Reviews Cardiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00015.2009","volume":"90","author":"GD Lopaschuk","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lopaschuk GD, Ussher JR, Folmes CD, Jaswal JS, Stanley WC (2010) Myocardial fatty acid metabolism in health and disease. Physiol Rev 90(1):207\u2013258. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00015.2009","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"5655_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.07.004","volume":"87","author":"R Ferreira","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ferreira R, Nogueira-Ferreira R, Trindade F, Vitorino R, Powers SK, Moreira-Goncalves D (2018) Sugar or fat: The metabolic choice of the trained heart. Metabolism 87:98\u2013104. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.metabol.2018.07.004","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.003","volume":"19","author":"LD Roberts","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roberts LD, Bostrom P, O\u2019Sullivan JF, Schinzel RT, Lewis GD, Dejam A, Lee YK, Palma MJ, Calhoun S, Georgiadi A et al (2014) beta-Aminoisobutyric acid induces browning of white fat and hepatic beta-oxidation and is inversely correlated with cardiometabolic risk factors. Cell Metab 19(1):96\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cmet.2013.12.003","journal-title":"Cell Metab"},{"issue":"9","key":"5655_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2439","volume":"17","author":"G Haemmerle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haemmerle G, Moustafa T, Woelkart G, Buttner S, Schmidt A, van de Weijer T, Hesselink M, Jaeger D, Kienesberger PC, Zierler K et al (2011) ATGL-mediated fat catabolism regulates cardiac mitochondrial function via PPAR-alpha and PGC-1. Nat Med 17(9):1076\u20131085. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nm.2439","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"5655_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1819","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112174","volume":"76","author":"A Judith","year":"1985","unstructured":"Judith A, Wisneski EWG, Neese RA et al (1985) Metabolic fate of extracted glucose in normal human myocardium. J Clin Invest 76(5):1819\u20131827","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112820","volume":"79","author":"A Judith","year":"1987","unstructured":"Judith A, Wisneski EWG, Neese RA et al (1987) Myocardial metabolism of free fatty acids. Studies with 14\u00a0C-labeled substrates in humans. J Clin Invest 79(2):359\u2013366","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"6","key":"5655_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2017","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI113822","volume":"82","author":"EW Gertz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Gertz EW, Wisneski JA, Stanley WC, Neese RA (1988) Myocardial substrate utilization during exercise in humans. Dual carbon-labeled carbohydrate isotope experiments. J Clin Invest 82(6):2017\u20132025. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI113822","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"5655_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001","volume":"9","author":"SK Powers","year":"2020","unstructured":"Powers SK, Deminice R, Ozdemir M, Yoshihara T, Bomkamp MP, Hyatt H (2020) Exercise-induced oxidative stress: Friend or foe? J Sport Health Sci 9(5):415\u2013425. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jshs.2020.04.001","journal-title":"J Sport Health Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1007\/s10541-005-0102-7","volume":"70","author":"AY Andreyev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Andreyev AY, Kushnareva YE, Starkov AA (2005) Mitochondrial metabolism of reactive oxygen species. Biochemistry (Mosc) 70(2):200\u2013214. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10541-005-0102-7","journal-title":"Biochemistry (Mosc)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"5655_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-019-03667-9","volume":"467","author":"S Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang S, Lian G (2020) ROS and diseases: role in metabolism and energy supply. Mol Cell Biochem 467(1\u20132):1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-019-03667-9","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"5655_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109368","volume":"121","author":"W Zhu","year":"2020","unstructured":"Zhu W, Wu RD, Lv YG, Liu YM, Huang H, Xu JQ (2020) BRD4 blockage alleviates pathological cardiac hypertrophy through the suppression of fibrosis and inflammation via reducing ROS generation. Biomed Pharmacother 121:109368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopha.2019.109368","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165980","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165980","volume":"1867","author":"YJ Jiang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Jiang YJ, Sun SJ, Cao WX, Lan XT, Ni M, Fu H, Li DJ, Wang P, Shen FM (2021) Excessive ROS production and enhanced autophagy contribute to myocardial injury induced by branched-chain amino acids: Roles for the AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway and alpha7nAChR. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 1867(1):165980. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2020.165980","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"5655_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01902-4","volume":"196","author":"JW Cao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cao JW, Duan SY, Zhang HX, Chen Y, Guo M (2020) Zinc Deficiency Promoted Fibrosis via ROS and TIMP\/MMPs in the Myocardium of Mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 196(1):145\u2013152. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12011-019-01902-4","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"issue":"12","key":"5655_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.036","volume":"51","author":"S Austin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Austin S, Klimcakova E, St-Pierre J (2011) Impact of PGC-1alpha on the topology and rate of superoxide production by the mitochondrial electron transport chain. Free Radic Biol Med 51(12):2243\u20132248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.08.036","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"5655_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.024","volume":"127","author":"J St-Pierre","year":"2006","unstructured":"St-Pierre J, Drori S, Uldry M, Silvaggi JM, Rhee J, Jager S, Handschin C, Zheng K, Lin J, Yang W et al (2006) Suppression of reactive oxygen species and neurodegeneration by the PGC-1 transcriptional coactivators. Cell 127(2):397\u2013408. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2006.09.024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"8","key":"5655_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5303","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14407","volume":"23","author":"CJ Shen","year":"2019","unstructured":"Shen CJ, Kong B, Shuai W, Liu Y, Wang GJ, Xu M, Zhao JJ, Fang J, Fu H, Jiang XB et al (2019) Myeloid differentiation protein 1 protected myocardial function against high-fat stimulation induced pathological remodelling. J Cell Mol Med 23(8):5303\u20135316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jcmm.14407","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"5655_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C1490","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00049.2009","volume":"297","author":"X Wang","year":"2009","unstructured":"Wang X, McLennan SV, Allen TJ, Tsoutsman T, Semsarian C, Twigg SM (2009) Adverse effects of high glucose and free fatty acid on cardiomyocytes are mediated by connective tissue growth factor. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 297(6):C1490\u20131500. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/ajpcell.00049.2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"5655_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3831","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0109255","volume":"44","author":"JB Uwe Gerlach","year":"2001","unstructured":"Uwe Gerlach JB, Lang H-J et al (2001) Synthesis and Activity of Novel and Selective IKs-Channel Blockers. J Med Chem 44:3831\u20133837","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"Pt1","key":"5655_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1996.sp021194","volume":"15","author":"GJ Amos","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amos GJ, Metzger EWF et al (1996) Differences between outward currents of human atrial and subepicardial ventricular myocytes. J Physiol 15(Pt1):31\u201350","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"26","key":"5655_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.09.069","volume":"580","author":"J Eldstrom","year":"2006","unstructured":"Eldstrom J, Van Wagoner DR, Moore ED, Fedida D (2006) Localization of Kv1.5 channels in rat and canine myocyte sarcolemma. FEBS Lett 580(26):6039\u20136046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.09.069","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"issue":"12","key":"5655_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14121303","volume":"14","author":"J Borrego","year":"2021","unstructured":"Borrego J, Feher A, Jost N, Panyi G, Varga Z, Papp F (2021) Peptide Inhibitors of Kv1.5: An Option for the Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 14(12):1303. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ph14121303","journal-title":"Pharmaceuticals (Basel)"},{"issue":"8","key":"5655_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8882","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.8b01094","volume":"3","author":"MH Rashid","year":"2018","unstructured":"Rashid MH, Kuyucak S (2018) Computational Study of the Loss-of-Function Mutations in the Kv1.5 Channel Associated with Atrial Fibrillation. ACS Omega 3(8):8882\u20138890. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsomega.8b01094","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"issue":"23","key":"5655_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7049","DOI":"10.1113\/JP272847","volume":"594","author":"M Mutikainen","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mutikainen M, Tuomainen T, Naumenko N, Huusko J, Smirin B, Laidinen S, Kokki K, Hynynen H, Yla-Herttuala S, Heinaniemi M et al (2016) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha1 induces a cardiac excitation-contraction coupling phenotype without metabolic remodelling. J Physiol 594(23):7049\u20137071. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1113\/JP272847","journal-title":"J Physiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"5655_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.05.018","volume":"396","author":"M Chen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Chen M, Wang Y, Qu A (2010) PGC-1 alpha accelerates cytosolic Ca2\u2009+\u2009clearance without disturbing Ca2\u2009+\u2009homeostasis in cardiac myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 396(4):894\u2013900. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbrc.2010.05.018","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"}],"container-title":["Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T00:04:34Z","timestamp":1791245074000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["5655"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11010-026-05655-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-4919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-4919","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 January 2026","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 July 2026","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 July 2026","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":1,"name":"Ethics","label":"Competing interests","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"After review by the Experimental Animal Ethics Committee of Fujian Medical University (IACUC-FJMU, 2022-NSFC-0317), its animal experiment design and implementation process, meeting the requirements of animal welfare and ethics.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","label":"Ethical approval","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","label":"Consent for publication","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"This article was previously published as a preprint at Research Square, DOI:\n                      \n                      .","order":4,"name":"Ethics","label":"Preprint","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}}]}}