{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T09:15:17Z","timestamp":1791191717885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]],"date-time":"2008-07-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1216684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,21]],"date-time":"2008-07-21T15:30:22Z","timestamp":1216654222000},"page":"335-349","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Comparative pharmacological study of free radical scavenger, nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, nitric oxide synthase activator and cyclooxygenase inhibitor against MPTP neurotoxicity in mice"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Hironori","family":"Yokoyama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryohei","family":"Yano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eriko","family":"Aoki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Araki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"9096_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(91)92989-F","volume":"337","author":"Y Agid","year":"1991","unstructured":"Agid Y (1991) Parkinson\u2019s disease: pathophysiology. Lancet 337:1321\u20131324","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9096_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020605429535","volume":"14","author":"T Araki","year":"1999","unstructured":"Araki T, Tanji H, Fujihara K, Kato H, Itoyama Y (1999) Increases in [3H]FK-506 and [3H]L-NG-nitro-arginine binding in the rat brain after nigrostriatal dopaminergic denervation. Metab Brain Dis 14:21\u201331","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9096_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S0928-0987(00)00170-6","volume":"12","author":"T Araki","year":"2001","unstructured":"Araki T, Mikami T, Tanji H, Matsubara M, Imai Y, Mizugaki M, Itoyama Y (2001) Biochemical and immunohistological changes in the brain of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated mouse. Eur J Pharm Sci 12:231\u2013238","journal-title":"Eur J Pharm Sci"},{"key":"9096_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1997.00726.x","volume":"243","author":"MK Bauer","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bauer MK, Lieb K, Schulze-Osthoff K, Berger M, Gebicke-Haerter PJ, Bauer J, Fiebich BL (1997) Expression and regulation of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat microglia. Eur J Biochem 243:726\u2013731","journal-title":"Eur J Biochem"},{"key":"9096_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07470.x","volume":"991","author":"MF Beal","year":"2003","unstructured":"Beal MF (2003) Mitochondria, oxidative damage, and inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 991:120\u2013131","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"9096_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1620","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.4.1620","volume":"87","author":"JS Beckman","year":"1990","unstructured":"Beckman JS, Beckman TW, Chen J (1990) Apparent hydroxyl radical production by peroxynitrite: implications for endothelial injury from nitric oxide and superoxide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:1620\u20131624","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9096_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90432-V","volume":"298","author":"JS Beckman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Beckman JS, Ischiropoulos H, Zhu L (1992) Kinetics of superoxide dismutase- and iron-catalyzed nitration of phenolics by peroxynitrite. Arch Biochem Biophys 298:438\u2013445","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"9096_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-510X(73)90175-5","volume":"20","author":"H Bernheimer","year":"1973","unstructured":"Bernheimer H, Birkmayer W, Hornykeiwicz O, Jellinger K, Seitelberger F (1973) Brain dopamine and the syndromes of Parkinson and Huntington. Clinical, morphological and neurochemical correlations. J Neurol Sci 20:415\u2013455","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9096_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"682","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.87.2.682","volume":"87","author":"DS Bredt","year":"1990","unstructured":"Bredt DS, Snyder SH (1990) Isolation of nitric oxide synthase, a calmodulin-requiring enzyme. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 87:682\u2013685","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9096_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.bi.63.070194.001135","volume":"63","author":"DS Bredt","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bredt DS, Snyder SH (1994) Nitric oxide: a physiologic messenger molecule. Ann Rev Biochem 63:175\u2013195","journal-title":"Ann Rev Biochem"},{"key":"9096_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2002.00990.x","volume":"82","author":"T Breidert","year":"2002","unstructured":"Breidert T, Callebert J, Heneka MT, Landreth G, Launay JM, Hirsch EC (2002) Protective action of the peroxisome proxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma agonist pioglitazone in a mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem 82:615\u2013624","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(03)00568-3","volume":"39","author":"W Dauer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dauer W, Przedborski S (2003) Parkinson\u2019s disease: mechanisms and models. Neuron 39:889\u2013909","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"9096_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5147","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-09-05147.1994","volume":"14","author":"TM Dawson","year":"1994","unstructured":"Dawson TM, Snyder SH (1994) Gases as biological messengers: nitric oxide and carbon monoxide in the brain. J Neurosci 14:5147\u20135159","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9096_CR14","first-page":"6268","volume":"88","author":"VL Dawson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Dawson VL, Dawson TM, London ED, Bredit DS, Snyder SH (1991) Nitric oxide mediates glutamate neurotoxicity in primary cultures. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 88:6268\u20136371","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9096_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2213","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2000.0742213.x","volume":"74","author":"T Dehmer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dehmer T, Lindenau J, Haid S, Dichgans J, Schultz JB (2000) Deficiency of inducible nitric oxide synthase protects against MPTP toxicity in vivo. J Neurochem 74:2213\u20132216","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1771","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1997.69041771.x","volume":"69","author":"DA Monte Di","year":"1997","unstructured":"Di Monte DA, Royland JE, Anderson A, Castagnoli K, Castagoli Jr N , Langston JW (1997) Inhibition of monoamine oxidase contributes to the protective effect of 7-nitroindazole against MPTP neurotoxicity. J Neurochem 69:1771\u20131773","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8880","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.15.8880","volume":"95","author":"M Endres","year":"1998","unstructured":"Endres M, Laufs U, Huang Z, Nakamura T, Huang P, Moskowitz MA, Liao JK (1998) Stroke protection by 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG)-CoA reductase inhibitors mediated by endothelial nitric oxide synthase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 95:8880\u20138885","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9096_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(02)00704-8","volume":"329","author":"ZH Feng","year":"2002","unstructured":"Feng ZH, Wang TG, Li DD, Fung P, Wilson BC, Liu B, Ali SF, Langenbach R, Hong JS (2002) Cyclooxygenase-2-deficient mice are resistant to 1-methyl-4- phenyl-,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced damage of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Neurosci Lett 329:354\u2013358","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9096_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0996-1017","volume":"2","author":"P Hantraye","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hantraye P, Brouillet E, Ferrante R, Pafi S, Dolan R, Matthews RT, Beal MF (1996) Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase prevents MPTP-induced Parkinsonism in baboons. Nat Med 2:1017\u20131021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9096_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(90)90498-C","volume":"170","author":"E Hasegawa","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hasegawa E, Takeshige K, Oishi T, Murai Y, Minakami S (1990) 1-Methylphenylpyridinium (MPP+) induces NADH-dependent superoxideformation and enhances NADH-dependent lipid peroxidation in bovine heart submitochondrial particles. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 170:1049\u20131055","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"9096_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1038\/334345a0","volume":"334","author":"E Hirsh","year":"1988","unstructured":"Hirsh E, Graybiel AM, Agid YA (1988) Melanized dopaminergic neurons are differentially susceptible to degeneration in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Nature 334:345\u2013348","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9096_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2003.tb07478.x","volume":"991","author":"EC Hirsch","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hirsch EC, Breidert T, Rousselet E, Hunot S, Hartmann A, Michel PP (2003) The role of glial reaction and inflammation in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci 991:214\u2013228","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"key":"9096_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-4886(03)00273-5","volume":"184","author":"SD Hurley","year":"2003","unstructured":"Hurley SD, O'Banion MK, Song DD, Arana FS, Olschowka JA, Haber SN (2003) Microglial response is poorly correlated with neurodegeneration following chronic, low-dose MPTP-administration in monkeys. Exp Neurol 184:659\u2013668","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"9096_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pa.30.040190.002535","volume":"30","author":"LJ Ignarro","year":"1990","unstructured":"Ignarro LJ (1990) Biosynthesis and metabolism of endothelium-derived nitric oxide. Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 30:535\u2013560","journal-title":"Ann Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"9096_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90431-U","volume":"298","author":"H Ischiropoulos","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ischiropoulos H, Zhu L, Chen J (1992) Peroxynitrite-mediated tyrosine nitration catalyzed by superoxide dismutase. Arch Biochem Biophys 298:431\u2013437","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys"},{"key":"9096_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-4580(02)00085-4","volume":"24","author":"R Kurosaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kurosaki R, Akasak M, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Ima Y, Araki T (2003) Effects of Ca2+ antagonists on motor activity and the dopaminergic system in aged mice. Neurobiol Aging 24:315\u2013319","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"key":"9096_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1038\/70978","volume":"5","author":"GT Liberatore","year":"1999","unstructured":"Liberatore GT, Jackson-Lewis V, Vukosavic S, Mandir AS, Vila M, McAuliffe WG, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Przedborski S (1999) Inducible nitric oxide synthase stimulates dopaminergic neurodegeration in the MPTP model of Parkinson disease. Nat Med 5:1403\u20131409","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9096_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1994.63062108.x","volume":"63","author":"G Lonart","year":"1992","unstructured":"Lonart G, Johanson KM (1992) Inhibitory effects of nitric oxide on the uptake of [3H]dopamine and [3H]glutamate by striatal synaptosomes. J Neurochem 63:2108\u20132117","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90268-2","volume":"78","author":"MA Marletta","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marletta MA (1994) Nitric oxide synthase: aspects concerning structure and catalysis. Cell 78:927\u2013930","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9096_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.38.8.1285","volume":"38","author":"PL McGeer","year":"1988","unstructured":"McGeer PL, Itagaki S, Boyes BE, McGeer EG (1988) Reactive microglia and positive for HLS-DR in the substantia nigra of Parkinson\u2019s and Alzheimer\u2019s disease brains. Neurology 38:1285\u20131291","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9096_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1097\/00005072-199911000-00008","volume":"58","author":"L Minghetti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Minghetti L, Walsh DT, Levi G, Perry VH (1999) In vivo expression of cyclooxygenase-2 in rat brain following intraparenchymal injection of bacterial endotoxin and inflammatory cytokines. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 58:1184\u20131191","journal-title":"J Neuropathol Exp Neurol"},{"key":"9096_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06663-3","volume":"43","author":"S Moncada","year":"1991","unstructured":"Moncada S, Palmer RM, Higgs EA (1991) Nitric oxide: physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 43:109\u2013142","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"9096_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1007\/s00702-003-0021-y","volume":"110","author":"Y Muramatsu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muramatsu Y, Kurosaki R, Watanabe H, Michimata M, Matsubara M, Imai Y, Araki T (2003) Cerebral alterations in a MPTP-mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease-an immunocytochemical study. J Neural Transm 110:1129\u20131144","journal-title":"J Neural Transm"},{"key":"9096_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-2236(93)90109-Y","volume":"16","author":"S Murphy","year":"1993","unstructured":"Murphy S, Simmons ML, Agullo L, Garcia A, Feinstein DL, Galea E, Reis DJ, Minc-Colomb D, Schwartz JP (1993) Synthesis of nitric oxide in CNS glial cells. Trends Neurosci 16:323\u2013328","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"9096_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90266-6","volume":"78","author":"C Nathan","year":"1994","unstructured":"Nathan C, Xie QW (1994) Nitric oxide synthases: roles, tolls, and controls. Cell 78:915\u2013918","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9096_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1517\/13543784.8.10.1521","volume":"8","author":"MK O\u2019Banion","year":"1999","unstructured":"O\u2019Banion MK (1999) COX-2 and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: potential roles in inflammation and neurodegeneration. Expert Opin Invest Drugs 8:1521\u20131536","journal-title":"Expert Opin Invest Drugs"},{"key":"9096_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19981001)54:1<1::AID-JNR1>3.0.CO;2-M","volume":"54","author":"GM Pasinetti","year":"1998","unstructured":"Pasinetti GM (1998) Cyclooxygenase and inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: experimental approaches and clinical interventions. J Neurosci Res 54:1\u20136","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9096_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1212\/01.WNL.0000058760.13152.1A","volume":"60","author":"BM Ravina","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ravina BM, Fagan SC, Hart RG, Hovinga CA, Murphy DD, Dawson TM, Marler JR (2003) Neuroprotective agents for clinical trials in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a systematic assessment. Neurology 60:1234\u20131240","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9096_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-7306(08)60441-X","volume-title":"Free radical damage and its control","author":"CA Rice-Evans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Rice-Evans CA (1994) Formation of free radicals and mechanisms of action in normal biochemical processes and pathological states. In: Rice-Evans CA, Burdon RH (eds) Free radical damage and its control. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 131\u2013153"},{"key":"9096_CR40","first-page":"3","volume":"50","author":"B Samuelsson","year":"1991","unstructured":"Samuelsson B (1991) Arachidonic acid metabolism: role in inflammation. Z Rheumatol Suppl 50:3\u20136","journal-title":"Z Rheumatol Suppl"},{"key":"9096_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1995.64020936.x","volume":"64","author":"JB Schulz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Schulz JB, Matthews RT, Muqit MMK (1995) Inhibition of neuronal nitric oxide synthase by 7-nitroindazole protects against MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. J Neurochem 64:936\u2013939","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.02.083","volume":"1037","author":"ML Selley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Selley ML (2005) Simvastatin prevents 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-induced striatal dopamine depletion and protein tyrosine nitration in mice. Brain Res 1037:1\u20136","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9096_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.69.1.145","volume":"69","author":"WL Smith","year":"2000","unstructured":"Smith WL, DeWitt DL, Garavitro RM (2000) Cyclooxygenases: structural, cellular, and molecular biology. Annu Rev Biochem 69:145\u2013182","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem"},{"key":"9096_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(96)01271-1","volume":"749","author":"K Sriram","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sriram K, Pai KS, Boyd MR, Ravindranath V (1997) Evidence for generation of oxidative stress in brain by MPTP: in vitro and in vivo studies in mice. Brain Res 749:44\u201352","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9096_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5473","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0837397100","volume":"100","author":"P Teismann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Teismann P, Tieu K, Choi DK, Wu DC, Naini A, Hunot S, Vila M, Jackson-Lewis V, Przedborski S (2003) Cyclooxygenase-2 is instrumental in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 100:5473\u20135478","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"9096_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1191","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-4159.1993.tb13610.x","volume":"61","author":"KF Tipton","year":"1993","unstructured":"Tipton KF, Singer TP (1993) Advances in our understanding of the mechanisms of the neurotoxicity of MPTP and related compounds. J Neurochem 61:1191\u20131206","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9096_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-007-9080-3","volume":"23","author":"Y Watanabe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Watanabe Y, Kato H, Araki T (2008) Protective action of neuronal nitric oxide synthase inhibitor in the MPTP mouse model of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Metab Brain Dis 23:51\u201369","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9096_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3S","DOI":"10.1002\/j.1875-9114.1997.tb03696.x","volume":"17","author":"SE Wenzel","year":"1997","unstructured":"Wenzel SE (1997) Arachidonic acid metabolites: mediators of inflammation in asthma. Pharmacotherapy 17:3S\u201312S","journal-title":"Pharmacotherapy"},{"key":"9096_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01763.2002","volume":"22","author":"DC Wu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wu DC, Jakson-Lewis M, Vila M, Tieu K, Teismann C, Vadseth C, Choi DK, Ischiropoulos H, Przedborski S (2002) Blockade of microglial activation is neuroprotective in the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine mouse model of Parkinson disease. J Neurosci 22:1763\u20131771","journal-title":"J Neurosci"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,31]],"date-time":"2025-01-31T03:18:55Z","timestamp":1738293535000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9096"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9096-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-7490","1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-7490","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,7,22]]}}}