{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T21:56:28Z","timestamp":1790459788621,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":119,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,10]],"date-time":"2008-12-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1228867200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,9]],"date-time":"2008-12-09T00:23:07Z","timestamp":1228782187000},"page":"55-68","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["Neuropsychiatric disorders related to interferon and interleukins treatment"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Aye Mu","family":"Myint","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Markus J.","family":"Schwarz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harry W. M.","family":"Steinbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Brian E.","family":"Leonard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"9114_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-977X(03)00016-6","volume":"13","author":"V Arolt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arolt V, Peters M, Erfurth A, Wiesmann M, Missler U, Rudolf S, Kirchner H, Rothermundt M (2003) S100B and response to treatment in major depression: a pilot study. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 13:235\u2013239","journal-title":"Eur Neuropsychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000108382","volume":"55","author":"M Bannink","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bannink M, Fekkes D, Van Gool AR, Kruit WH, Sleijfer S, van der Holt B, Eggermont AM, Stoter G, Hengeveld MW (2007) Interferon-alpha influences tryptophan metabolism without inducing psychiatric side effects. Neuropsychobiology 55:225\u2013231","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"9114_CR3","first-page":"1375","volume":"266","author":"S Baron","year":"1991","unstructured":"Baron S, Tyring SK, Fleischmann WR Jr, Coppenhaver DH, Niesel DW, Klimpel GR, Stanton GJ, Hughes TK (1991) The interferons. Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Jama 266:1375\u20131383","journal-title":"Mechanisms of action and clinical applications. Jama"},{"key":"9114_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1042\/bst0130441","volume":"13","author":"DA Bender","year":"1985","unstructured":"Bender DA, McCreanor GM (1985) Kynurenine hydroxylase: a potential rate-limiting enzyme in tryptophan metabolism. Biochem Soc Trans 13:441\u2013443","journal-title":"Biochem Soc Trans"},{"key":"9114_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1097\/00004714-200202000-00014","volume":"22","author":"S Bonaccorso","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bonaccorso S, Marino V, Puzella A, Pasquini M, Biondi M, Artini M, Almerighi C, Verkerk R, Meltzer H, Maes M (2002) Increased depressive ratings in patients with hepatitis C receiving interferon-alpha-based immunotherapy are related to interferon-alpha-induced changes in the serotonergic system. J Clin Psychopharmacol 22:86\u201390","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-9338(01)00553-3","volume":"16","author":"V Bozikas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bozikas V, Petrikis P, Balla A, Karavatos A (2001) An interferon-alpha-induced psychotic disorder in a patient with chronic hepatitis C. Eur Psychiatry 16:136\u2013137","journal-title":"Eur Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.7.1120","volume":"157","author":"JD Bremner","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bremner JD, Narayan M, Anderson ER, Staib LH, Miller HL, Charney DS (2000) Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression. Am J Psychiatry 157:115\u2013118","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1965.01730060001001","volume":"13","author":"WE Bunney Jr","year":"1965","unstructured":"Bunney WE Jr, Davis JM (1965) Norepinephrine in depressive reactions. A review. Arch Gen Psychiatry 13:483\u2013494","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR9","first-page":"906","volume":"54","author":"L Capuron","year":"2003","unstructured":"Capuron L, Neurauter G, Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Nemeroff CB, Fuchs D, Miller AH (2003a) Interferon-alpha-induced changes in tryptophan metabolism. relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. Biol Psychiatry 54:906\u2013914","journal-title":"relationship to depression and paroxetine treatment. Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1342","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.160.7.1342","volume":"160","author":"L Capuron","year":"2003","unstructured":"Capuron L, Raison CL, Musselman DL, Lawson DH, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH (2003b) Association of exaggerated HPA axis response to the initial injection of interferon-alpha with development of depression during interferon-alpha therapy. Am J Psychiatry 160:1342\u20131345","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.03.033","volume":"58","author":"L Capuron","year":"2005","unstructured":"Capuron L, Pagnoni G, Demetrashvili M, Woolwine BJ, Nemeroff CB, Berns GS, Miller AH (2005) Anterior cingulate activation and error processing during interferon-alpha treatment. Biol Psychiatry 58:190\u2013196","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2414","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.139.7.2414","volume":"139","author":"JM Carlin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carlin JM, Borden EC, Sondel PM, Byrne GI (1987) Biologic-response-modifier-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human peripheral blood mononuclear cell cultures. J Immunol 139:2414\u20132418","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"9114_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.45.1.29","volume":"45","author":"JM Carlin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Carlin JM, Borden EC, Sondel PM, Byrne GI (1989) Interferon-induced indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Leukoc Biol 45:29\u201334","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"key":"9114_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-3-22","volume":"3","author":"MG Carta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Carta MG, Hardoy MC, Garofalo A, Pisano E, Nonnoi V, Intilla G, Serra G, Balestrieri C, Chessa L, Cauli C, Lai ME, Farci P (2007) Association of chronic hepatitis C with major depressive disorders: irrespective of interferon-alpha therapy. Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health 3:22","journal-title":"Clin Pract Epidemol Ment Health"},{"key":"9114_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1177\/026988110201600307","volume":"16","author":"EM Cassidy","year":"2002","unstructured":"Cassidy EM, Manning D, Byrne S, Bolger E, Murray F, Sharifi N, Wallace E, Keogan M, O, Keane V (2002) Acute effects of low-dose interferon-alpha on serum cortisol and plasma interleukin-6. J Psychopharmacol 16:230\u2013234","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-5728(01)00418-0","volume":"120","author":"A Chiarugi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chiarugi A, Calvani M, Meli E, Traggiai E, Moroni F (2001) Synthesis and release of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites by human monocyte-derived macrophages. J Neuroimmunol 120:190\u2013198","journal-title":"J Neuroimmunol"},{"key":"9114_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/S0361-9230(01)00527-5","volume":"55","author":"DR Cotter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cotter DR, Pariante CM, Everall IP (2001) Glial cell abnormalities in major psychiatric disorders: the evidence and implications. Brain Res Bull 55:585\u2013595","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"9114_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1616","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300982","volume":"31","author":"B Czeh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Czeh B, Simon M, Schmelting B, Hiemke C, Fuchs E (2005) Astroglial plasticity in the hippocampus is affected by chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant fluoxetine treatment. Neuropsychopharmacology 31(8):1616\u20131626","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"9114_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.016","volume":"29","author":"R Garza De La 2nd","year":"2005","unstructured":"De La Garza R 2nd (2005) Endotoxin- or pro-inflammatory cytokine-induced sickness behavior as an animal model of depression: focus on anhedonia. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:761\u2013770","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"9114_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.03.008","volume":"29","author":"R Garza De La 2nd","year":"2005","unstructured":"De La Garza R 2nd, Asnis GM, Pedrosa E, Stearns C, Migdal AL, Reinus JF, Paladugu R, Vemulapalli S (2005) Recombinant human interferon-alpha does not alter reward behavior, or neuroimmune and neuroendocrine activation in rats. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:781\u2013792","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1990.01810170011002","volume":"47","author":"PL Delgado","year":"1990","unstructured":"Delgado PL, Charney DS, Price LH, Aghajanian GK, Landis H, Heninger GR (1990) Serotonin function and the mechanism of antidepressant action. Reversal of antidepressant-induced remission by rapid depletion of plasma tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry 47:411\u2013418","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR22","first-page":"321","volume":"27","author":"PL Delgado","year":"1991","unstructured":"Delgado PL, Price LH, Miller HL, Salomon RM, Licinio J, Krystal JH, Heninger GR, Charney DS (1991) Rapid serotonin depletion as a provocative challenge test for patients with major depression: relevance to antidepressant action and the neurobiology of depression. Psychopharmacol Bull 27:321\u2013330","journal-title":"Psychopharmacol Bull"},{"key":"9114_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.10.024","volume":"62","author":"L Dell\u2019Osso","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dell\u2019Osso L, Pini S, Maggi L, Rucci P, Del Debbio A, Carlini M, Baldini A, Ferrari G, Manca E, Beverini E, Amore M, Scarallo V, Semeraro Q, Brunetto M, Bonino F, Maj M (2007) Subthreshold mania as predictor of depression during interferon treatment in HCV+ patients without current or lifetime psychiatric disorders. J Psychosom Res 62:349\u2013355","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"9114_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2003.09.062","volume":"354","author":"DE Dietrich","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dietrich DE, Hauser U, Peters M, Zhang Y, Wiesmann M, Hasselmann M, Rudolf S, Jungling O, Kirchner H, Munte TF, Arolt V, Emrich HM, Johannes S, Rothermundt M (2004) Target evaluation processing and serum levels of nerve tissue protein S100B in patients with remitted major depression. Neurosci Lett 354:69\u201373","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9114_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112S","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.510260720","volume":"26","author":"G Dusheiko","year":"1997","unstructured":"Dusheiko G (1997) Side effects of alpha interferon in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology 26:112S\u2013121S","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9114_CR26","first-page":"4","volume":"16","author":"J Dutcher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dutcher J (2002a) Current status of interleukin-2 therapy for metastatic renal cell carcinoma and metastatic melanoma. Oncology (Williston Park) 16:4\u201310","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"9114_CR27","first-page":"3","volume":"16","author":"J Dutcher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Dutcher J (2002b) High-dose interleukin-2 in metastatic disease: renal cell carcinoma and melanoma. Oncology (Williston Park) 16:3","journal-title":"Oncology (Williston Park)"},{"key":"9114_CR28","first-page":"3442","volume":"6","author":"JP Dutcher","year":"2000","unstructured":"Dutcher JP, Logan T, Gordon M, Sosman J, Weiss G, Margolin K, Plasse T, Mier J, Lotze M, Clark J, Atkins M (2000) Phase II trial of interleukin 2, interferon alpha, and 5-fluorouracil in metastatic renal cell cancer: a cytokine working group study. Clin Cancer Res 6:3442\u20133450","journal-title":"Clin Cancer Res"},{"key":"9114_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2002.07.044","volume":"20","author":"O Eton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eton O, Legha SS, Bedikian AY, Lee JJ, Buzaid AC, Hodges C, Ring SE, Papadopoulos NE, Plager C, East MJ, Zhan F, Benjamin RS (2002a) Sequential biochemotherapy versus chemotherapy for metastatic melanoma: results from a phase III randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 20:2045\u20132052","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"9114_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10631","volume":"95","author":"O Eton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Eton O, Rosenblum MG, Legha SS, Zhang W, Jo East M, Bedikian A, Papadopoulos N, Buzaid A, Benjamin RS (2002b) Phase I trial of subcutaneous recombinant human interleukin-2 in patients with metastatic melanoma. Cancer 95:127\u2013134","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9114_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1984.tb00801.x","volume":"70","author":"M Farkkila","year":"1984","unstructured":"Farkkila M, Iivanainen M, Roine R, Bergstrom L, Laaksonen R, Niemi ML, Cantell K (1984) Neurotoxic and other side effects of high-dose interferon in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 70:42\u201346","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"9114_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-8278(96)80184-X","volume":"24","author":"G Fattovich","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fattovich G, Giustina G, Favarato S, Ruol A (1996) A survey of adverse events in 11,241 patients with chronic viral hepatitis treated with alfa interferon. J Hepatol 24:38\u201347","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9114_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2007.05.026","volume":"62","author":"JC Felger","year":"2007","unstructured":"Felger JC, Alagbe O, Hu F, Mook D, Freeman AA, Sanchez MM, Kalin NH, Ratti E, Nemeroff CB, Miller AH (2007) Effects of interferon-alpha on rhesus monkeys: a nonhuman primate model of cytokine-induced depression. Biol Psychiatry 62:1324\u20131333","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1086\/526519","volume":"197","author":"SL Fishman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Fishman SL, Murray JM, Eng FJ, Walewski JL, Morgello S, Branch AD (2008) Molecular and bioinformatic evidence of hepatitis C virus evolution in brain. J Infect Dis 197:597\u2013607","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"9114_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)05270-3","volume":"358","author":"DM Forton","year":"2001","unstructured":"Forton DM, Allsop JM, Main J, Foster GR, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD (2001) Evidence for a cerebral effect of the hepatitis C virus. Lancet 358:38\u201339","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9114_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2002.30688","volume":"35","author":"DM Forton","year":"2002","unstructured":"Forton DM, Thomas HC, Murphy CA, Allsop JM, Foster GR, Main J, Wesnes KA, Taylor-Robinson SD (2002) Hepatitis C and cognitive impairment in a cohort of patients with mild liver disease. Hepatology 35:433\u2013439","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"9114_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.03.022","volume":"49","author":"DM Forton","year":"2008","unstructured":"Forton DM, Hamilton G, Allsop JM, Grover VP, Wesnes K, O, Sullivan C, Thomas HC, Taylor-Robinson SD (2008) Cerebral immune activation in chronic hepatitis C infection: a magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Hepatol 49:316\u2013322","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9114_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00964611","volume":"5","author":"EM Gal","year":"1980","unstructured":"Gal EM, Sherman AD (1980) L-kynurenine: its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain. Neurochem Res 5:223\u2013239","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9114_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psy.43.5.428","volume":"43","author":"G Garcia-Pares","year":"2002","unstructured":"Garcia-Pares G, Domenech C, Gil M (2002) Psychosis induced by interferon-alpha. Psychosomatics 43:428\u2013429","journal-title":"Psychosomatics"},{"key":"9114_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1644","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10842","volume":"95","author":"E Gez","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gez E, Rubinov R, Gaitini D, Meretyk S, Best LA, Native O, Stein A, Erlich N, Beny A, Zidan J, Haim N, Kuten A (2002) Interleukin-2, interferon-alpha, 5-fluorouracil, and vinblastine in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a prospective phase II study: the experience of Rambam and Lin Medical Centers 1996\u20132000. Cancer 95:1644\u20131649","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9114_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1159\/000054922","volume":"44","author":"HJ Grabe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Grabe HJ, Ahrens N, Rose HJ, Kessler C, Freyberger HJ (2001) Neurotrophic factor S100 beta in major depression. Neuropsychobiology 44:88\u201390","journal-title":"Neuropsychobiology"},{"key":"9114_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1759","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.1998.70041759.x","volume":"70","author":"RS Grant","year":"1998","unstructured":"Grant RS, Kapoor V (1998) Murine glial cells regenerate NAD, after peroxide-induced depletion, using either nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, or quinolinic acid as substrates. J Neurochem 70:1759\u20131763","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9114_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1179\/135100000101535357","volume":"5","author":"RS Grant","year":"2000","unstructured":"Grant RS, Naif H, Espinosa M, Kapoor V (2000) IDO induction in IFN-gamma activated astroglia: a role in improving cell viability during oxidative stress. Redox Rep 5:101\u2013104","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"9114_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1179\/135100000101535375","volume":"5","author":"GJ Guillemin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Guillemin GJ, Smith DG, Kerr SJ, Smythe GA, Kapoor V, Armati PJ, Brew BJ (2000) Characterisation of kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes and implications in neuropathogenesis. Redox Rep 5:108\u2013111","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"9114_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2001.00498.x","volume":"78","author":"GJ Guillemin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Guillemin GJ, Kerr SJ, Smythe GA, Smith DG, Kapoor V, Armati PJ, Croitoru J, Brew BJ (2001) Kynurenine pathway metabolism in human astrocytes: a paradox for neuronal protection. J Neurochem 78:842\u2013853","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9114_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20090","volume":"49","author":"GJ Guillemin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guillemin GJ, Smythe G, Takikawa O, Brew BJ (2005a) Expression of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and production of quinolinic acid by human microglia, astrocytes, and neurons. Glia 49:15\u201323","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"9114_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-2-16","volume":"2","author":"GJ Guillemin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Guillemin GJ, Wang L, Brew BJ (2005b) Quinolinic acid selectively induces apoptosis of human astrocytes: potential role in AIDS dementia complex. J Neuroinflammation 2:16","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"key":"9114_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12884","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4101-07.2007","volume":"27","author":"GJ Guillemin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Guillemin GJ, Lim CK, Smythe GA, Garner B, Kapoor V, Takikawa O, Brew BJ (2007) Characterization of the kynurenine pathway in human neurons. J Neurosci 27:12884\u201312892","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9114_CR49","volume-title":"Biochemical and medical aspects of tryptophan metabolism","author":"O Hayaishi","year":"1980","unstructured":"Hayaishi O (1980) Biochemical and medical aspects of tryptophan metabolism. Elsevier\/North-Holland Biomedical, Amsterdam"},{"key":"9114_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1007\/s00213-004-1999-z","volume":"178","author":"G Hetzel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hetzel G, Moeller O, Evers S, Erfurth A, Ponath G, Arolt V, Rothermundt M (2005) The astroglial protein S100B and visually evoked event-related potentials before and after antidepressant treatment. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 178:161\u2013166","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"issue":"Pt 2","key":"9114_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3200595","volume":"320","author":"MP Heyes","year":"1996","unstructured":"Heyes MP, Achim CL, Wiley CA, Major EO, Saito K, Markey SP (1996) Human microglia convert l-tryptophan into the neurotoxin quinolinic acid. Biochem J 320(Pt 2):595\u2013597","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9114_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7463","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-19-07463.2001","volume":"21","author":"C Hilmas","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hilmas C, Pereira EF, Alkondon M, Rassoulpour A, Schwarcz R, Albuquerque EX (2001) The brain metabolite kynurenic acid inhibits alpha7 nicotinic receptor activity and increases non-alpha7 nicotinic receptor expression: physiopathological implications. J Neurosci 21:7463\u20137473","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9114_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"617","DOI":"10.1089\/jir.1995.15.617","volume":"15","author":"B Hu","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hu B, Hissong BD, Carlin JM (1995) Interleukin-1 enhances indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity by increasing specific mRNA expression in human mononuclear phagocytes. J Interferon Cytokine Res 15:617\u2013624","journal-title":"J Interferon Cytokine Res"},{"key":"9114_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/0925-4927(91)90001-7","volume":"40","author":"MM Husain","year":"1991","unstructured":"Husain MM, McDonald WM, Doraiswamy PM, Figiel GS, Na C, Escalona PR, Boyko OB, Nemeroff CB, Krishnan KR (1991) A magnetic resonance imaging study of putamen nuclei in major depression. Psychiatry Res 40:95\u201399","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"key":"9114_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1985.tb00904.x","volume":"72","author":"M Iivanainen","year":"1985","unstructured":"Iivanainen M, Laaksonen R, Niemi ML, Farkkila M, Bergstrom L, Mattson K, Niiranen A, Cantell K (1985) Memory and psychomotor impairment following high-dose interferon treatment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Acta Neurol Scand 72:475\u2013480","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"key":"9114_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(87)90066-2","volume":"23","author":"JP Kim","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kim JP, Choi DW (1987) Quinolinate neurotoxicity in cortical cell culture. Neuroscience 23:423\u2013432","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"9114_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2004.05.047","volume":"28","author":"YK Kim","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kim YK, Myint AM, Lee BH, Han CS, Lee HJ, Kim DJ, Leonard BE (2004) Th1, Th2 and Th3 cytokine alteration in schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 28:1129\u20131134","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0708092105","volume":"105","author":"JW Koo","year":"2008","unstructured":"Koo JW, Duman RS (2008) IL-1beta is an essential mediator of the antineurogenic and anhedonic effects of stress. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:751\u2013756","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9114_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1992.01820070047007","volume":"49","author":"KR Krishnan","year":"1992","unstructured":"Krishnan KR, McDonald WM, Escalona PR, Doraiswamy PM, Na C, Husain MM, Figiel GS, Boyko OB, Ellinwood EH, Nemeroff CB (1992) Magnetic resonance imaging of the caudate nuclei in depression. Preliminary observations. Arch Gen Psychiatry 49:553\u2013557","journal-title":"Preliminary observations. Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.157.5.683","volume":"157","author":"Z Kronfol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Kronfol Z, Remick DG (2000) Cytokines and the brain: implications for clinical psychiatry. Am J Psychiatry 157:683\u2013694","journal-title":"Am J Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7044.121.6.1415","volume":"121","author":"SJ Larson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Larson SJ, Hartle KD, Ivanco TL (2007) Acute administration of interleukin-1beta disrupts motor learning. Behav Neurosci 121:1415\u20131420","journal-title":"Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"9114_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-007-9385-y","volume":"32","author":"BE Leonard","year":"2007","unstructured":"Leonard BE (2007) Inflammation, depression and dementia: are they connected? Neurochem Res 32:1749\u20131756","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9114_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2007.05.013","volume":"63","author":"FE Lotrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lotrich FE, Rabinovitz M, Gironda P, Pollock BG (2007) Depression following pegylated interferon-alpha: characteristics and vulnerability. J Psychosom Res 63:131\u2013135","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"9114_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1006\/cyto.1997.0238","volume":"9","author":"M Maes","year":"1997","unstructured":"Maes M, Bosmans E, De Jongh R, Kenis G, Vandoolaeghe E, Neels H (1997) Increased serum IL-6 and IL-1 receptor antagonist concentrations in major depression and treatment resistant depression. Cytokine 9:853\u2013858","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"key":"9114_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1007\/s002130050031","volume":"148","author":"M Makino","year":"2000","unstructured":"Makino M, Kitano Y, Komiyama C, Takasuna K (2000) Human interferon-alpha increases immobility in the forced swimming test in rats. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 148:106\u2013110","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology (Berl)"},{"key":"9114_CR66","first-page":"293","volume":"11","author":"A Mangoni","year":"1974","unstructured":"Mangoni A (1974) The \u201ckynurenine shunt\u201d and depression. Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol 11:293\u2013298","journal-title":"Adv Biochem Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR67","first-page":"958","volume":"67","author":"K Mattson","year":"1983","unstructured":"Mattson K, Niiranen A, Iivanainen M, Farkkila M, Bergstrom L, Holsti LR, Kauppinen HL, Cantell K (1983) Neurotoxicity of interferon. Cancer Treat Rep 67:958\u2013961","journal-title":"Cancer Treat Rep"},{"key":"9114_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19910701)68:1<88::AID-CNCR2820680118>3.0.CO;2-5","volume":"68","author":"CA Meyers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meyers CA, Obbens EA, Scheibel RS, Moser RP (1991a) Neurotoxicity of intraventricularly administered alpha-interferon for leptomeningeal disease. Cancer 68:88\u201392","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"9114_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.41.5.672","volume":"41","author":"CA Meyers","year":"1991","unstructured":"Meyers CA, Scheibel RS, Forman AD (1991b) Persistent neurotoxicity of systemically administered interferon-alpha. Neurology 41:672\u2013676","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9114_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.12.056","volume":"1073\u20131074","author":"CL Miller","year":"2006","unstructured":"Miller CL, Llenos IC, Dulay JR, Weis S (2006) Upregulation of the initiating step of the kynurenine pathway in postmortem anterior cingulate cortex from individuals with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Brain Res 1073\u20131074:25\u201337","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9114_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1408","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V83.5.1408.1408","volume":"83","author":"T Musso","year":"1994","unstructured":"Musso T, Gusella GL, Brooks A, Longo DL, Varesio L (1994) Interleukin-4 inhibits indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase expression in human monocytes. Blood 83:1408\u20131411","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"9114_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-9877(03)00207-X","volume":"61","author":"AM Myint","year":"2003","unstructured":"Myint AM, Kim YK (2003) Cytokine-serotonin interaction through IDO: a neurodegeneration hypothesis of depression. Med Hypotheses 61:519\u2013525","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"9114_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2005.07.008","volume":"88","author":"AM Myint","year":"2005","unstructured":"Myint AM, Leonard BE, Steinbusch HW, Kim YK (2005) Th1, Th2, and Th3 cytokine alterations in major depression. J Affect Disord 88:167\u2013173","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"9114_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2006.07.013","volume":"98","author":"AM Myint","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myint AM, Kim YK, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Steinbusch H, Leonard B (2007a) Kynurenine pathway in major depression: evidence of impaired neuroprotection. J Affect Disord 98:143\u2013151","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"9114_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"843","DOI":"10.1177\/0269881107077165","volume":"21","author":"AM Myint","year":"2007","unstructured":"Myint AM, O, Mahony S, Kubera M, Kim YK, Kenny C, Kaim-Basta A, Steinbusch HW, Leonard BE (2007b) Role of paroxetine in interferon-alpha-induced immune and behavioural changes in male Wistar rats. J Psychopharmacol 21:843\u2013850","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1988.tb06395.x","volume":"78","author":"A Niiranen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Niiranen A, Laaksonen R, Iivanainen M, Mattson K, Farkkila M, Cantell K (1988) Behavioral assessment of patients treated with alpha-interferon. Acta Psychiatr Scand 78:622\u2013626","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"key":"9114_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1016\/j.schres.2005.07.013","volume":"80","author":"LK Nilsson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Nilsson LK, Linderholm KR, Engberg G, Paulson L, Blennow K, Lindstrom LH, Nordin C, Karanti A, Persson P, Erhardt S (2005) Elevated levels of kynurenic acid in the cerebrospinal fluid of male patients with schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 80:315\u2013322","journal-title":"Schizophr Res"},{"key":"9114_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.95.22.13290","volume":"95","author":"D Ongur","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ongur D, Drevets WC, Price JL (1998) Glial reduction in the subgenual prefrontal cortex in mood disorders. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95:13290\u201313295","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9114_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(82)91048-4","volume":"247","author":"MN Perkins","year":"1982","unstructured":"Perkins MN, Stone TW (1982) An iontophoretic investigation of the actions of convulsant kynurenines and their interaction with the endogenous excitant quinolinic acid. Brain Res 247:184\u2013187","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"9114_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(94)90294-1","volume":"47","author":"E Poutiainen","year":"1994","unstructured":"Poutiainen E, Hokkanen L, Niemi ML, Farkkila M (1994) Reversible cognitive decline during high-dose alpha-interferon treatment. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 47:901\u2013905","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"key":"9114_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-3231.2007.01532.x","volume":"27","author":"LC Quarantini","year":"2007","unstructured":"Quarantini LC, Bressan RA, Galvao A, Batista-Neves S, Parana R, Miranda-Scippa A (2007) Incidence of psychiatric side effects during pegylated interferon- alpha retreatment in nonresponder hepatitis C virus-infected patients. Liver Int 27:1098\u20131102","journal-title":"Liver Int"},{"key":"9114_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1085","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(99)00041-4","volume":"45","author":"G Rajkowska","year":"1999","unstructured":"Rajkowska G, Miguel-Hidalgo JJ, Wei J, Dilley G, Pittman SD, Meltzer HY, Overholser JC, Roth BL, Stockmeier CA (1999) Morphometric evidence for neuronal and glial prefrontal cell pathology in major depression. Biol Psychiatry 45:1085\u20131098","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1983.63","volume":"47","author":"AZ Rohatiner","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rohatiner AZ, Prior PF, Burton AC, Smith AT, Balkwill FR, Lister TA (1983) Central nervous system toxicity of interferon. Br J Cancer 47:419\u2013422","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"9114_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-0327(00)00321-9","volume":"66","author":"M Rothermundt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rothermundt M, Arolt V, Wiann M, Missler U, Peters M, Rudolf S, Kirchner H (2001) S-100B is increased in melancholic but not in non-melancholic major depression. J Affect Disord 66:89\u201393","journal-title":"J Affect Disord"},{"key":"9114_CR85","first-page":"71","volume":"20","author":"K Saito","year":"1990","unstructured":"Saito K, Ohta Y, Nagamura Y, Sasaki E, Ishiguro I (1990) Relationship between L-tryptophan uptake and L-tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase activity in rat hepatocytes. Biochem Int 20:71\u201380","journal-title":"Biochem Int"},{"key":"9114_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1042\/bj2290499","volume":"229","author":"M Salter","year":"1985","unstructured":"Salter M, Pogson CI (1985) The role of tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase in the hormonal control of tryptophan metabolism in isolated rat liver cells. Effects of glucocorticoids and experimental diabetes. Biochem J 229:499\u2013504","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9114_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN19800070","volume":"43","author":"U Satyanarayana","year":"1980","unstructured":"Satyanarayana U, Rao BS (1980) Dietary tryptophan level and the enzymes of tryptophan NAD pathway. Br J Nutr 43:107\u2013113","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"9114_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-5846(01)00324-4","volume":"26","author":"M Schaefer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schaefer M, Engelbrecht MA, Gut O, Fiebich BL, Bauer J, Schmidt F, Grunze H, Lieb K (2002) Interferon alpha (IFNalpha) and psychiatric syndromes: a review. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 26:731\u2013746","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/0022-3956(65)90003-8","volume":"3","author":"JJ Schildkraut","year":"1965","unstructured":"Schildkraut JJ, Gordon EK, Durell J (1965) Catecholamine metabolism in affective disorders. I. Normetanephrine and VMA excretion in depressed patients treated with imipramine. J Psychiatr Res 3:213\u2013228","journal-title":"J Psychiatr Res"},{"key":"9114_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200209160-00021","volume":"13","author":"ML Schroeter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Schroeter ML, Abdul-Khaliq H, Diefenbacher A, Blasig IE (2002) S100B is increased in mood disorders and may be reduced by antidepressive treatment. Neuroreport 13:1675\u20131678","journal-title":"Neuroreport"},{"key":"9114_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-3223(01)01078-2","volume":"50","author":"R Schwarcz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwarcz R, Rassoulpour A, Wu HQ, Medoff D, Tamminga CA, Roberts RC (2001) Increased cortical kynurenate content in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 50:521\u2013530","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1006\/brbi.2001.0647","volume":"15","author":"MJ Schwarz","year":"2001","unstructured":"Schwarz MJ, Chiang S, Muller N, Ackenheil M (2001) T-helper-1 and T-helper-2 responses in psychiatric disorders. Brain Behav Immun 15:340\u2013370","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"key":"9114_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1770","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300255","volume":"28","author":"L Schwieler","year":"2003","unstructured":"Schwieler L, Erhardt S (2003) Inhibitory action of clozapine on rat ventral tegmental area dopamine neurons following increased levels of endogenous kynurenic acid. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1770\u20131777","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"9114_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2007.02044.x","volume":"15","author":"F Seifert","year":"2008","unstructured":"Seifert F, Struffert T, Hildebrandt M, Blumcke I, Bruck W, Staykov D, Huttner HB, Hilz MJ, Schwab S, Bardutzky J (2008) In vivo detection of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the brain in a case of encephalitis: evidence for HCV neuroinvasion. Eur J Neurol 15:214\u2013218","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"9114_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5034","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-12-05034.1999","volume":"19","author":"YI Sheline","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sheline YI, Sanghavi M, Mintun MA, Gado MH (1999) Depression duration but not age predicts hippocampal volume loss in medically healthy women with recurrent major depression. J Neurosci 19:5034\u20135043","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9114_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.npp.1300188","volume":"28","author":"PD Shepard","year":"2003","unstructured":"Shepard PD, Joy B, Clerkin L, Schwarcz R (2003) Micromolar brain levels of kynurenic acid are associated with a disruption of auditory sensory gating in the rat. Neuropsychopharmacology 28:1454\u20131462","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"9114_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.286.6361.262","volume":"286","author":"H Smedley","year":"1983","unstructured":"Smedley H, Katrak M, Sikora K, Wheeler T (1983) Neurological effects of recombinant human interferon. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286:262\u2013264","journal-title":"Br Med J (Clin Res Ed)"},{"key":"9114_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-9877(91)90272-Z","volume":"35","author":"RS Smith","year":"1991","unstructured":"Smith RS (1991) The macrophage theory of depression. Med Hypotheses 35:298\u2013306","journal-title":"Med Hypotheses"},{"key":"9114_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1042\/bj1920673","volume":"192","author":"SA Smith","year":"1980","unstructured":"Smith SA, Carr FP, Pogson CI (1980) The metabolism of L-tryptophan by isolated rat liver cells. Quantification of the relative importance of, and the effect of nutritional status on, the individual pathways of tryptophan metabolism. Biochem J 192:673\u2013686","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"9114_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2005.03.010","volume":"29","author":"C Song","year":"2005","unstructured":"Song C, Leonard BE (2005) The olfactory bulbectomised rat as a model of depression. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 29:627\u2013647","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"9114_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-941557","volume":"39","author":"C Song","year":"2006","unstructured":"Song C, Horrobin DF, Leonard BE (2006) The comparison of changes in behavior, neurochemistry, endocrine, and immune functions after different routes, doses and durations of administrations of IL-1beta in rats. Pharmacopsychiatry 39:88\u201399","journal-title":"Pharmacopsychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/138.5.954","volume":"138","author":"C Song","year":"2008","unstructured":"Song C, Manku MS, Horrobin DF (2008) Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids modulate interleukin-1beta-induced changes in behavior, monoaminergic neurotransmitters, and brain inflammation in rats. J Nutr 138:954\u2013963","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9114_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1159\/000079415","volume":"11","author":"K Sudom","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sudom K, Turrin NP, Hayley S, Anisman H (2004) Influence of chronic interleukin-2 infusion and stressors on sickness behaviors and neurochemical change in mice. Neuroimmunomodulation 11:341\u2013350","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"9114_CR104","first-page":"475","volume":"30","author":"S Takahashi","year":"1976","unstructured":"Takahashi S (1976) Reduction of blood platelet serotonin levels in manic and depressed patients. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 30:475\u2013486","journal-title":"Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn"},{"key":"9114_CR105","first-page":"37","volume":"31","author":"S Takahashi","year":"1977","unstructured":"Takahashi S (1977) Monoamine oxidase activity in blood platelets from manic and depressed patients. Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn 31:37\u201348","journal-title":"Folia Psychiatr Neurol Jpn"},{"key":"9114_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1C266","volume":"37","author":"L Tamam","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tamam L, Yerdelen D, Ozpoyraz N (2003) Psychosis associated with interferon alfa therapy for chronic hepatitis B. Ann Pharmacother 37:384\u2013387","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"9114_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2516","DOI":"10.1096\/fasebj.5.11.1907934","volume":"5","author":"MW Taylor","year":"1991","unstructured":"Taylor MW, Feng GS (1991) Relationship between interferon-gamma, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan catabolism. Faseb J 5:2516\u20132522","journal-title":"Faseb J"},{"key":"9114_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1097\/01.jcp.0000227348.59912.5d","volume":"26","author":"D Telio","year":"2006","unstructured":"Telio D, Sockalingam S, Stergiopoulos V (2006) Persistent psychosis after treatment with interferon alpha: a case report. J Clin Psychopharmacol 26:446\u2013447","journal-title":"J Clin Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"9114_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2006.03.004","volume":"170","author":"LM Thomson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thomson LM, Sutherland RJ (2006) Interleukin-1beta induces anorexia but not spatial learning and memory deficits in the rat. Behav Brain Res 170:302\u2013307","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"9114_CR110","first-page":"39","volume":"25","author":"AD Valentine","year":"1998","unstructured":"Valentine AD, Meyers CA, Kling MA, Richelson E, Hauser P (1998) Mood and cognitive side effects of interferon-alpha therapy. Semin Oncol 25:39\u201347","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"9114_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5808","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0501650102","volume":"102","author":"K Viswanathan","year":"2005","unstructured":"Viswanathan K, Dhabhar FS (2005) Stress-induced enhancement of leukocyte trafficking into sites of surgery or immune activation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102:5808\u20135813","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9114_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MEBR.0000043976.17500.8e","volume":"19","author":"K Weissenborn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weissenborn K, Bokemeyer M, Ahl B, Fischer-Wasels D, Giewekemeyer K, van den Hoff J, Kostler H, Berding G (2004a) Functional imaging of the brain in patients with liver cirrhosis. Metab Brain Dis 19:269\u2013280","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9114_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2004.07.022","volume":"41","author":"K Weissenborn","year":"2004","unstructured":"Weissenborn K, Krause J, Bokemeyer M, Hecker H, Schuler A, Ennen JC, Ahl B, Manns MP, Boker KW (2004b) Hepatitis C virus infection affects the brain-evidence from psychometric studies and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Hepatol 41:845\u2013851","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"9114_CR114","first-page":"11","volume":"29","author":"MC Wichers","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wichers MC, Maes M (2004) The role of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) in the pathophysiology of interferon-alpha-induced depression. J Psychiatry Neurosci 29:11\u20137","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"9114_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.mp.4001600","volume":"10","author":"MC Wichers","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wichers MC, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Verkerk R, Scharpe S, Maes M (2005) IDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: a shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicity. Mol Psychiatry 10:538\u2013544","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2005.11.024","volume":"60","author":"MC Wichers","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wichers MC, Kenis G, Leue C, Koek G, Robaeys G, Maes M (2006) Baseline immune activation as a risk factor for the onset of depression during interferon-alpha treatment. Biol Psychiatry 60:77\u201379","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9114_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2006.09.007","volume":"62","author":"MC Wichers","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wichers MC, Kenis G, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Nicolson NA, Maes M (2007) Interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms are related to changes in the cytokine network but not to cortisol. J Psychosom Res 62:207\u2013214","journal-title":"J Psychosom Res"},{"key":"9114_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6622","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.17.6622","volume":"83","author":"H Yasui","year":"1986","unstructured":"Yasui H, Takai K, Yoshida R, Hayaishi O (1986) Interferon enhances tryptophan metabolism by inducing pulmonary indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase: its possible occurrence in cancer patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83:6622\u20136626","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9114_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0006-8993(98)00904-4","volume":"811","author":"S Zalcman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Zalcman S, Murray L, Dyck DG, Greenberg AH, Nance DM (1998) Interleukin-2 and -6 induce behavioral-activating effects in mice. Brain Res 811:111\u2013121","journal-title":"Brain Res"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T19:08:18Z","timestamp":1684782498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,10]]},"references-count":119,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,3]]}},"alternative-id":["9114"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-008-9114-5","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-7490","1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-7490","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,12,10]]}}}