{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T05:18:46Z","timestamp":1792646326847,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]],"date-time":"2009-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1237334400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,17]],"date-time":"2009-03-17T17:13:20Z","timestamp":1237310000000},"page":"257-269","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":66,"title":["Evidence that folic acid deficiency is a major determinant of hyperhomocysteinemia in Parkinson\u00b4s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"24","author":[{"given":"Eliseu Felippe","family":"dos Santos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Estela Natacha Brandt","family":"Busanello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anelise","family":"Miglioranza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c2ngela","family":"Zanatta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alethea Gatto","family":"Barchak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carmen Regla","family":"Vargas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Saute","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria J\u00falia","family":"Carrion","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daiane","family":"Camargo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andr\u00e9","family":"Dalbem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaderson Costa","family":"da Costa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sandro Ren\u00e9 Pinto","family":"de Sousa Miguel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos Roberto","family":"de Mello Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Moacir","family":"Wajner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"9139_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"730","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.6.730","volume":"56","author":"D Aarsland","year":"2001","unstructured":"Aarsland D, Andersen K, Larsen JP, Lolk A, Nielsen H, Kragh-Sorensen P (2001) Risk of dementia in Parkinson\u2019s disease: a community-based, prospective study. Neurology 56:730\u2013736","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9139_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/S0741-8329(01)00168-9","volume":"2","author":"AJ Barack","year":"2001","unstructured":"Barack AJ, Beckenhauer HC, Kharbanda KK, Tuma DJ (2001) Chronic ethanol consumption increases homocysteine accumulation in hepatocytes. Alcohol 2:77\u201381","journal-title":"Alcohol"},{"key":"9139_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"891","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-11-200306030-00010","volume":"138","author":"LA Bazzano","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bazzano LA, He J, Munter P, Vupputuri S, Whelton PK (2003) Relationship between cigarette smoking and novel risk factors for cardiovascular disease in United Stated. Ann Intern Med 138:891\u2013897","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"9139_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000163507.76773.1A","volume":"29","author":"JW Beulens","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beulens JW, Sierkasma A, Schoafsma G, Kok FJ, Struys EA, Jakobs C, Hendriks HF (2005) Kinetics of Hcy metabolism after moderate alcohol consumption. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 29:739\u2013745","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"9139_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/47.6.1102","volume":"47","author":"F Bladini","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bladini F, Fancellu R, Martignonim E, Magiagalli A, Pacchetti C, Samuele A, Nappi G (2001) Plasma homocysteine and l-dopa metabolism in patients with Parkinson disease. Clin Chem 47:1102\u20131104","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"9139_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ALC.0000169265.36440.EE","volume":"29","author":"C Blasco","year":"2005","unstructured":"Blasco C, Caballeria J, Deulofen R, Lligona A, Pares A, Lluis JM, Gual A, Rodes J (2005) Prevalence and mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia in chronic alcoholics. Alcohol Clin. Exp. 29:739\u2013745","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin. Exp."},{"key":"9139_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2749","DOI":"10.1097\/00001756-200008210-00028","volume":"11","author":"S Bleich","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bleich S, Degner D, Bandelow B, Von Ahsen N, Ruther E, Kornhuber J (2000) Plasma homocysteine is a predictor of alcohol withdrawal seizures. NeuroReport 11:2749\u20132752","journal-title":"NeuroReport"},{"key":"9139_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3290","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.7.3290","volume":"94","author":"BC Blount","year":"1997","unstructured":"Blount BC, Mack MM, Wehr CM, Macgregor JT, Hiatt RA, Wang G, Wickramasinghe SN, Everson RB, Ames BN (1997) Folate deficiency causes uracil misincorporation into human DNA and chromosome breakage: implication for cancer and neuronal damage. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94:3290\u20133295","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"9139_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.1996.tb03851.x","volume":"54","author":"T Bottiglieri","year":"1996","unstructured":"Bottiglieri T (1996) Folate, vitamin B12 and neuropsychiatric disorders. Nutr Rev 54:382\u2013390","journal-title":"Nutr Rev"},{"key":"9139_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1007\/s10545-006-0106-5","volume":"29","author":"R Castro","year":"2006","unstructured":"Castro R, Rivera I, Blom HJ, Jakobs C, Tavares de Almeida I (2006) Homocysteine metabolism, hyperhomocysteinaemia and vascular disease: an overview. J Inherit Metab Dis 29:3\u201320","journal-title":"J Inherit Metab Dis"},{"key":"9139_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/S0753-3322(01)00095-6","volume":"55","author":"CL Cher","year":"2001","unstructured":"Cher CL, Huanh RF, Chen YH, Cheng JT, Liu TZ (2001) Folate deficiency-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis are cognitive mediated via homocysteine-dependent overproduction of hydrogen peroxide and enhenced activation of NF-kappa B in human Hep G2 cells. Biomed Pharmacother 55:434\u2013442","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"},{"key":"9139_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.55.11.1449","volume":"55","author":"R Clarke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Clarke R, Smith AD, Jobst KA, Refsum H, Sutton L, Ueland PM (1998) Folate, vitamin B12, and serum total homocysteine levels in confirmed Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol 55:1449\u20131455","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.54.4.599","volume":"54","author":"A Bree de","year":"2002","unstructured":"de Bree A, Verscuren WM, Kromhout D, Kluijtmans LA, Blom HJ (2002) Homocysteine determinants and the evidence to what extent homocysteine determinants the risk of coronary heart disease. Pharmacol Rev 54:599\u2013618","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"key":"9139_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1997.00550180070015","volume":"54","author":"MC Rijk de","year":"1997","unstructured":"de Rijk MC, Breteler MM, den Breeijen JH, Launer LJ, Grobbee DE, van der Mech\u00e9 FG, Hofman A (1997) Dietary antioxidants and Parkinson disease. The Rotterdam Study. Arch Neurol 54:762\u2013765","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR15","first-page":"1422","volume":"57","author":"R Diaz-Arrastia","year":"2000","unstructured":"Diaz-Arrastia R (2000) Homocysteine and neurologic disease. Arch Neurol 57:1422\u20131427","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19990715)57:2<195::AID-JNR5>3.0.CO;2-P","volume":"57","author":"W Duan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Duan W, Mattson MP (1999) Dietary restriction and 2-deoxy-glucose administration improve behavioral outcome and reduce degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurosci Res 57:195\u2013206","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9139_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1046\/j.0022-3042.2001.00676.x","volume":"80","author":"W Duan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Duan W, Ladenhein B, Culter RG, Kruman II, Cadet JL, Mattson MP (2002) Dietary folate deficiency and elevated homocysteine levels endanger dopaminergicneurons in models of Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurochem. 80:101\u2013110","journal-title":"J Neurochem."},{"key":"9139_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1038\/379733a0","volume":"379","author":"JS Fowler","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fowler JS, Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Pappas N, Logan J, Macgregor R, Alexoff D, Shea C, Schlyer D, Wolf AP, Warner D, Zezulkova I, Cilento R (1996) Inhibition of Monoamine-Oxidase-B in the Brains of Smokers. Nature 379:733\u2013736","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9139_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1002\/jnr.490320108","volume":"32","author":"A Grieve","year":"1992","unstructured":"Grieve A, Butcher SP, Griffiths R (1992) Symaptosomal plasma membrane transport of excitatory sulphur amino acid transmitter candidates: kinetic characterisation and analysis of carrier specificity. J Neurosci Res 32:60\u201368","journal-title":"J Neurosci Res"},{"key":"9139_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.64.4.576","volume":"64","author":"DB Hancock","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hancock DB, Martin ER, Stajich JM, Jewett R, Stacy MA, Scott BL, Vance JM, Scott WK (2007) Smoking, caffeine, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in families with Parkinson disease. Arch Neurol 64:576\u2013580","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)11058-9","volume":"354","author":"GJ Hankey","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hankey GJ, Eikelboom JW (1999) Homocysteine and vascular disease. Lancet 354:407\u2013413","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9139_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.1097\/01.WNF.0000236763.16032.60","volume":"29","author":"S Hassin-Bauer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Hassin-Bauer S, Coben O, Vakil E, Sela B, Nitan Z, Schwartz R, Chapman J, Tanne D (2006) Plasma homocysteine levels and Parkinson\u2019s disease: disease progression, carotid intima-media thickness and neuropsychiatric complications. Clin Neuropharmacol 29:305\u2013311","journal-title":"Clin Neuropharmacol"},{"key":"9139_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1263","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI104589","volume":"41","author":"V Herbert","year":"1962","unstructured":"Herbert V, Zalusky R (1962) Interrrelation of vitamin B12 and folic metabolism: folic acid clearance studies. J Clin Invest 41:1263\u20131276","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9139_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.1993.tb00820.x","volume":"17","author":"B Hultberg","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hultberg B, Berdlung M, Aandersson A, Frank A (1993) Elevated plasma homocysteine in alcoholics. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 17:687\u2013689","journal-title":"Alcohol Clin Exp Res"},{"key":"9139_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1836","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2005.02.014","volume":"15","author":"C Isobe","year":"2005","unstructured":"Isobe C, Murata T, Sato C, Terayama Y (2005) Increase of total homocysteine concentration in cereprospinal fluid in patients with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Life Sci 15:1836\u20131843","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"9139_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.3.613","volume":"73","author":"PF Jacques","year":"2001","unstructured":"Jacques PF, Bostom AG, Wilsin PW, Rich S, Rosenberg IH, Selhub J (2001) Determinants of plasma total homocysteine in the Framingham Offspring cohort. Am J Clin Nutr 73:613\u2013621","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9139_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"505","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410170514","volume":"17","author":"B Jansson","year":"1985","unstructured":"Jansson B, Jankovic J (1985) Low Cancer Rates among Patients with Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Ann Neurol 17:505\u2013509","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR28","first-page":"24","volume":"13","author":"P Jenner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Jenner P (1998) Oxidative Mechanisms in Nigral Cell Death in Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Mov Disord 13:24\u201334","journal-title":"Mov Disord"},{"key":"9139_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.47.6_Suppl_3.161S","volume":"47","author":"P Jenner","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jenner P, Olanow CW (1996) Oxidative Stress and the Pathogenesis of Parkinson\u2019s Disease. Neurology 47:161\u2013170","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9139_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.08.019","volume":"118","author":"DM Kado","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kado DM, Karlamangla AS, Huang MH, Troen A, Rowe JW, Selhub J, Seeman TE (2005) Homocysteine versus the vitamins folate, B6 and B12 as predictors of cognitive function and decline in older high-functioning adults: MacArthur Studies of Successful Aging. Am J Med 118:161\u2013167","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"9139_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00711170","volume":"8","author":"DG Kirch","year":"1988","unstructured":"Kirch DG, Alho AM, Wyatt RJ (1988) Hypothesis: a Nicotine-Dopamine Interaction Linking Smoking with Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Tardive Dyskinesia. Cell Mol Neurobiol 8:285\u2013291","journal-title":"Cell Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"9139_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1752","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.22-05-01752.2002","volume":"22","author":"II Kruman","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kruman II, Kumaravel TS, Lohani A, Pedersen WA, Cutler RG, Kruman Y, Haughney N, Lee J, Evans M, Mattson MP (2002) Folic acid deficiency and homocysteine impair DNA repair in hippocampal neurons and sensitize them to amyloid toxicity in animal models of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neurosci. 22:1752\u20131762","journal-title":"J Neurosci."},{"key":"9139_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1159\/000007984","volume":"40","author":"W Kuhn","year":"1998","unstructured":"Kuhn W, Roebroek R, Blom H, Van Oppenraaj D, Przuntek H, Kretschmer A, Buttner T, Woitalla D, Muller T (1998) Elevated plasma levels of homocysteine in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Eur Neurol 40:225\u2013227","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.56.2.281","volume":"56","author":"W Kuhn","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kuhn W, Hummel T, Woitalla D, Muller T (2001) Plasma homocysteine and MTHFR C677T genotype in levodopa-trated patients with PD. Neurology 56:281\u2013282","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9139_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1331.2004.00973.x","volume":"12","author":"P Lamberti","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lamberti P, Zoccolella S, Armenise E, Lamberti SV, Fraddosio A, De Mari M, Iliceto G, Livrea P (2005) Hyperhomocysteinemia in L-dopa treated Parkinson\u2019s disease patients: effect of cobalamin and folate administration. Eur J Neurol 12:365\u2013368","journal-title":"Eur J Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S45","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410440707","volume":"44","author":"JW Langston","year":"1998","unstructured":"Langston JW (1998) Epidemiology versus genetics in Parkinson\u2019s disease: progress in resolving an age-old debate. Ann Neurol 44:S45\u2013S52","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.20509","volume":"57","author":"LM Lau","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lau LM, Koudstaal PJ, Van Meurs JBJ, Uitterlinder AG, Hofman A, Breteler MMB (2005) Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase C677T genotype and PD. Ann Neurol 57:927\u2013930","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1022329317218","volume":"2","author":"JW Lazarewicz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Lazarewicz JW, Ziembowicz A, Matyja E, Stafiej A, Zieminska E (2003) Homocysteine-evoked 45Ca release in the rabbit hippocampus is mediated by both NMDA and group I metabotropic glutamate receptors: in vivo microdialysis study. Neurochem Res 2:259\u2013269","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"key":"9139_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5923","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.94.11.5923","volume":"94","author":"SA Lipton","year":"1997","unstructured":"Lipton SA, Kim WK, Choi YB, Kumar S, D\u2019Emilia DM, Rayudu PV, Arnelle DR, Stamler JS (1997) Neurotoxicity associated with dual actions of homocysteine at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A. 94:5923\u20135928","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"9139_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/45.9.1517","volume":"45","author":"MJ Magera","year":"1999","unstructured":"Magera MJ, Lacey JM, Casetta B, Rinaldo P (1999) Method for the determination of total homocysteine in plasma and urine by stable isotope dilution and electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. Clin Chem 45:1517\u20131522","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"9139_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.57.6.672","volume":"57","author":"CD Marsden","year":"1994","unstructured":"Marsden CD (1994) Parkinson\u2019s disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57:672\u2013681","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9139_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/82.4.866","volume":"82","author":"SP Mooijaart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mooijaart SP, Gussekloo J, Frolich M, Jolles J, Stott DJ, Westendorp RG, de Craen AJ (2005) Homocysteine, vitamin B12, and folic acid and the risk of cognitive decline in old age: the Leiden 85-Plus study. Am J Clin Nutr 82:866\u2013871","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9139_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)01660-8","volume":"354","author":"T Muller","year":"1999","unstructured":"Muller T, Werne B, Fowler B, Kuhn W (1999) Nigral endothelial disfunction, homocysteine, and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Lancet 354:126\u2013127","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9139_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.74.4.549","volume":"74","author":"T Muller","year":"2003","unstructured":"Muller T, Woitalla D, Kuhn W (2003) Benefit of folic acid supplementation in parkinsonian patients treated qith levodopa. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 74:549","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"9139_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.61.6.865","volume":"61","author":"PE O\u2019 Suilleabhain","year":"2004","unstructured":"O\u2019 Suilleabhain PE, Sung V, Hernandez C, Laccritz L, Dewey RB Jr, Bottiglieri T, Diaz-Arrastia R (2004) Elevated plasma homocysteine level in patients with Parkinson disease: motor, affective, and cognitive associations. Arch Neurol 61:865\u2013868","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2994","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2006.04.088","volume":"580","author":"R Obeid","year":"2006","unstructured":"Obeid R, Herrman W (2006) Mechanisms of homocysteine neurotoxixity in neurodegenerative diseases with special reference to dementia. FEBS Lett 580:2994\u20133005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"9139_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"561","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.06.008","volume":"27","author":"M Quik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Quik M (2004) Smoking, nicotine and Parkinson\u2019s disease. Trends Neurosci 27:561\u2013568","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"9139_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2006.05.040","volume":"404","author":"D Religa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Religa D, Czyewski K, Stycznska M, Peplonska B, Lokk J, Chodakowska-Zebrowska M, Stepein K, Winblad B, Barcikowska M (2006) Hyperhomocysteinemia and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase polymorphism in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease. Neurosci Lett 404:56\u201360","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"key":"9139_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.60.1.59","volume":"60","author":"JD Rogers","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rogers JD, Sanchez-Saffon A, Frol AB, Diaz-Arrastia R (2003) Elevated plasma homocysteine levels in pacients treated with levodopoa: association with vascular disease. Arch Neurol 60:59\u201364","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2005.06.026","volume":"29","author":"PS Sachdev","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sachdev PS (2005) Homocysteine and brain atrophy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 29:1152\u20131161","journal-title":"Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9139_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1539","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.58.10.1539","volume":"58","author":"PS Sachdev","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sachdev PS, Valenzuela M, Wang XL, Looi JC, Brodaty H (2002) Relationship between plasma homocysteine levels and brain atrophy in healthy elderly individuals. Neurology 58:1539\u20131541","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9139_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/73.2.232","volume":"73","author":"SM Saw","year":"2001","unstructured":"Saw SM, Yuan JM, Ong CN, Arakawa K, Lee HP, Coetzee GA, Yu MC (2001) Genetic, dietary and other lifestyle determinants of plasma homocysteine concentrations in middle-aged and older Chinese men and woman in Singapore. Am J Clin Nutr 73:232\u2013239","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"9139_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"334","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(81)90649-8","volume":"2","author":"JM Scott","year":"1981","unstructured":"Scott JM, Dinn JJ, Wilson P, Weir DGP (1981) Pathogenesis of subacute combined degeneration: a result of methylgroup deficiency. Lancet 2:334\u2013337","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9139_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.6.1726S","volume":"136","author":"J Selhub","year":"2006","unstructured":"Selhub J (2006) The many facets if hiperhomocysteinemia: studies from the Framingham Cohorts. J Nutr 136:1726\u20131730","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"9139_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"292","DOI":"10.1016\/S0959-437X(00)00082-4","volume":"10","author":"HR Silva","year":"2000","unstructured":"Silva HR, Khan NL, Wood NW (2000) The genetics of Parkinson\u2019s disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 10:292\u2013298","journal-title":"Curr Opin Genet Dev"},{"key":"9139_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150600583446","volume":"9","author":"A Siniscalchi","year":"2006","unstructured":"Siniscalchi A, Gallelli L, Mercuri NB, Ibbadu GF, Sarro G (2006) Role of lifestyle factors on plasma homocysteine levels in Pakinson\u2019s disease patients treated with levodopa. Nutr Neuosci 9:11\u20136","journal-title":"Nutr Neuosci"},{"key":"9139_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1015594111778","volume":"17","author":"EL Streck","year":"2002","unstructured":"Streck EL, Zugno AI, Tagliari B, Wannmacher C, Wajner M, Wyse AT (2002) Inhibition of Na+, K+\u2212 ATPase activity by the metabolites accumulating in homocystinuria. Metab Brain Dis 17:83\u201391","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"9139_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-0186(02)00230-9","volume":"43","author":"EL Streck","year":"2003","unstructured":"Streck EL, Delwing D, Tagliari B, Matte C, Wannmacher CM, Wajner M, Wyse AT (2003) Brain energy metabolism is compromised by the metabolites accumulating in homocystinuria. Neurochem Int 43:597\u2013602","journal-title":"Neurochem Int"},{"key":"9139_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.2000.7489","volume":"166","author":"NA Tatton","year":"2000","unstructured":"Tatton NA (2000) Increased caspase 3 and bax immunoreactivity accompany nuclear GAPDH translocation and neuronal apoptosis in Parkinson\u2019s disease. Exp Neurol 166:29\u201343","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"9139_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8628(19991215)88:6<742::AID-AJMG29>3.0.CO;2-#","volume":"88","author":"CA Taylor","year":"1999","unstructured":"Taylor CA, Saind-Hilaire MH, Cupples LA, Thomas CA, Burchard AE, Felman RG, Myers RH (1999) Environmental, medical, and family history risk factors for Parkinson\u2019s disease: a New England base control study. Am J Med Genet 88:742\u2013749","journal-title":"Am J Med Genet"},{"key":"9139_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2006.05.040","volume":"248","author":"Z Todorovic","year":"2006","unstructured":"Todorovic Z, Dzoljic E, Novakovic I, Mirkovic D, Stojanovic R, Nesic Z, Krajinovic M, Prostran M, Kostci V (2006) Homocysteine serum levels and MTHFH C677T genotyoe in patients with Parkinson\u2019s disease, with and without levopoda therapy. J Neurol Sci 248:56\u201361","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"key":"9139_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17012","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.27.17012","volume":"272","author":"GR Upchurch","year":"1997","unstructured":"Upchurch GR, Welch GN, Fabian AJ, Freedman JE, Johnson JE, Keany JF, Loscalzo J (1997) Homocysteine decreases bioavailable nitrie oxide by a mechanism involving glutathione peroxidase. J Biol Chem 272:17012\u201317017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9139_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02172-3","volume":"355","author":"M Gaag Van der","year":"2000","unstructured":"Van der Gaag M, Ubbink JB, Sillanaukee P, Nikkari S, Endriks HFJ (2000) Effect of consumption of red wine, spirits and beer on serum homocysteine. Lancet 355:1522","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9139_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/0049-3848(80)90175-9","volume":"18","author":"RT Wall","year":"1980","unstructured":"Wall RT, Harlam JM, Harker LA, Striker GE (1980) Homocysteine induced endothelial cell injury in vitro: a model fot the study of vascular injury. Thromb Res 18:113\u2013121","journal-title":"Thromb Res"},{"key":"9139_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.55.3.437","volume":"55","author":"K Yasui","year":"2000","unstructured":"Yasui K, Kowa H, Nakaso K, Takeshima T, Nakashima K (2000) Plasma homocysteine and MTHFR C6677T genotype in levopoda treated patients with PD. Neurology 55:437\u2013440","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9139_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2005.193","volume":"43","author":"S Zoccolella","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zoccolella S, Lamberti P, Iliceto G, Diroma C, Armenise E, Defazio G, Lamberti SV, Fraddosio A, de Mari M, Livrea P (2005) Plasma homocysteine levels in L-dopa-treated Parkinson\u2019s disease patients with cognitive dysfunctions. Clin Chem Lab Med 43:1107\u20131110","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,16]],"date-time":"2020-05-16T21:48:23Z","timestamp":1589665703000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]]},"references-count":66,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,6]]}},"alternative-id":["9139"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-009-9139-4","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-7490","1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-7490","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,3,18]]}}}