{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T07:06:45Z","timestamp":1791443205820,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":93,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]],"date-time":"2014-03-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]},"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,24]],"date-time":"2014-03-24T06:35:48Z","timestamp":1395642948000},"page":"553-561","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Brain metabolite clearance: impact on Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"Juan M.","family":"Zolezzi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nibaldo C.","family":"Inestrosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"9527_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.4042-03.2004","volume":"24","author":"AY Abramov","year":"2004","unstructured":"Abramov AY, Canevari L, Duchen MR (2004) \u03b2-amyloid peptides induce mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in astrocytes and death of neurons through activation of NADPH oxidase. J Neurosci 24:565\u2013575","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jalz.2012.02.001","volume":"8","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2012","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association (2012) Alzheimer\u2019s disease facts and figures. Alzheimers Dement 8:131\u2013168","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"9527_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61349-9","volume":"377","author":"C Ballard","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ballard C, Gauthier S, Corbett A, Brayne C, Aarsland D, Jones E (2011) Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Lancet 377:1019\u20131031. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)61349-9","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"9527_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2013.03.006","volume":"1832","author":"E Barroso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Barroso E, del Valle J, Porquet D et al (2013) Tau hyperphosphorylation and increased BACE1 and RAGE levels in the cortex of PPAR\u03b2\/\u03b4-null mice. Biochim Biophys Acta 1832:1241\u20131248","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9527_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90131-7","volume":"77","author":"C Bhel","year":"1994","unstructured":"Bhel C, Davis JB, Lesley R, Schubert D (1994) Hydrogen peroxide mediates amyloid beta protein toxicity. Cell 77:817\u2013827","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"9527_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2011.00019","volume":"4","author":"FJ Carvajal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Carvajal FJ, Inestrosa NC (2011) Interaction of AChE with A\u03b2 aggregates in Alzheimer\u2019s brain: therapeutic relevance of IDN 5706. Front Mol Neurosci 4:19","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2040","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-3735fje","volume":"19","author":"C Caspersen","year":"2005","unstructured":"Caspersen C, Wang N, Yao J et al (2005) Mitochondrial A\u03b2: a potential focal point for neuronal metabolic dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. FASEB J 19:2040\u20132041","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"9527_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"366","DOI":"10.1007\/s12035-012-8251-3","volume":"45","author":"V Cavalluci","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cavalluci V, D\u2019Amelio M, Cecconi F (2012) A\u03b2 toxicity in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Neurobiol 45:366\u2013378","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"9527_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(01)00164-2","volume":"7","author":"A Chawla","year":"2001","unstructured":"Chawla A, Boisvert WA, Lee CH et al (2001) A PPAR gamma-LRX-ABCA1 pathway in macrophages is involved in cholesterol efflux and atherogenesis. Mol Cell 7:161\u2013171","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"key":"9527_CR10","author":"YC Chen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Chen YC, Wu JS, Tsai HD, Huang CY, Chen JJ, Sun GY, Lin TN (2012) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-\u03b3) and neurodegenerative disorders. Mol Neurobiol. doi: 10.1007\/s12035-012-8259-8","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"9527_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.12264","volume":"126","author":"DH Cho","year":"2013","unstructured":"Cho DH, Lee EJ, Kwon KJ, Shin CY, Song KH, Park JH, Han SH (2013) Troglitazone, a thiazolidinedione, decreases tau phosphorylation through the inhibition of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 activity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells and primary neurons. J Neurochem 126:685\u2013695","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"9527_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1503","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1217697","volume":"335","author":"PE Cramer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cramer PE, Cirrito JR, Wesson DW et al (2012) ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models. Science 335:1503\u20131506","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3706","volume":"11","author":"S Crunkhorn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Crunkhorn S (2012) Neurodegenerative disease: RXR agonist reverses Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov 11:271. doi: 10.1038\/nrd3706","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"9527_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.014","volume":"1821","author":"MI Dawson","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dawson MI, Xia Z (2012) The retinoid X receptor and their ligands. Biochim Biophys Acta 1821:21\u201356","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9527_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI58642","volume":"122","author":"R Deane","year":"2012","unstructured":"Deane R, Singh I, Sagare AP, Bell RD et al (2012) A multimodal RAGE-specific inhibitor reduces amyloid \u03b2-mediated brain disorder in a mouse model of Alzheimer disease. J Clin Invest 122:1377\u20131392","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"9527_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.112.000177","volume":"6","author":"K Drosatos","year":"2013","unstructured":"Drosatos K, Khan RS, Trent CM, Jiang H, Son NH, Blaner WS, Homma S, Schulze PC, Goldberg IJ (2013) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 activation prevents sepsis-related cardiac dysfunction and mortality in mice. Circ Heart Fail 6:550\u2013562","journal-title":"Circ Heart Fail"},{"key":"9527_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5091","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/dds355","volume":"21","author":"M Dumont","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dumont M, Stack C, Elipenahli C et al (2012) Bezafibrate administration improves behavioral deficits and tau pathology in P301S mice. Hum Mol Genet 21:5091\u20135105","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"9527_CR18","unstructured":"Eisai Manufacturing Ltd (EML), Targretin information; www.drugs.com\/uk\/targretin-capsules-1302.html . Accessed 17 Jun 2013"},{"key":"9527_CR19","author":"J Fantini","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fantini J, Di Scala C, Yahi N, Troadec JD, Sadelli K, Chahinian H, Garmy N (2014) Bexarotene blocks calcium-permeable ion channels formed by neurotoxic Alzheimer\u2019s \u03b2-amyloid peptides. ACS Chem Neurosci. doi: 10.1021\/cn400183w","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR20","unstructured":"FDA, Drug approval package, Tagretin; www.accessdata.fda.gov\/drugsatfda_docs\/nda\/99\/21055_Targretin.cfm . Accessed 17 Jun 2013"},{"key":"9527_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235809","volume":"340","author":"NF Fitz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Fitz NF, Cronican AA, Lefterov I, Koldamova R (2013) Comment on \u201cApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d. Science 340:924. doi: 10.1126\/science.1235809","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresrev.2004.07.018","volume":"47","author":"RA Fuentealba","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fuentealba RA, Farias G, Scheu J, Bronfman M, Marzolo MP, Inestrosa NC (2004) Signal transduction during amyloid-\u03b2-peptide neurotoxicity: role in Alzheimer disease. Brain Res Brain Res Rev 47:275\u2013289","journal-title":"Brain Res Brain Res Rev"},{"key":"9527_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37006","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M700447200","volume":"282","author":"K Fuenzalida","year":"2007","unstructured":"Fuenzalida K, Quintanilla R, Ramos P et al (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 up-regulates the Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic protein in neurons and induces mitochondrial stabilization and protection against oxidative stress and apoptosis. J Biol Chem 282:37006\u201337015","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9527_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tox.2007.09.030","volume":"246","author":"FJ Gonzales","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gonzales FJ, Shah YM (2007) PPAR\u03b1: mechanism of species differences and hepatocarcinogenesis of peroxisome proliferators. Toxicology 246:2\u20138","journal-title":"Toxicology"},{"key":"9527_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"950","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1551","volume":"3","author":"H Gronemeyer","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gronemeyer H, Gustafsson JA, Laudet V (2004) Principles for modulation of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Nat Rev Drug Discov 3:950\u2013964","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"9527_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm2101","volume":"8","author":"C Haass","year":"2007","unstructured":"Haass C, Selkoe DJ (2007) Soluble protein oligomers in neurodegeneration: lessons from the Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid \u03b2-peptide. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 8:101\u2013112","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol"},{"key":"9527_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2439","volume":"17","author":"G Haemmerle","year":"2011","unstructured":"Haemmerle G, Moustafa T, Woelkart G et al (2011) ATGL-mediated fat catabolism regulates cardiac mitochondrial function via PPAR-\u03b1 and PGC-1\u03b1. Nat Med 17:1076\u20131085","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9527_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1026","volume":"10","author":"FS Harman","year":"2004","unstructured":"Harman FS, Nicol CJ, Marin HE, Ward JM, Gonzales FJ, Peters JM (2004) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta attenuates colon carcinogenesis. Nat Med 10:481\u2013483","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9527_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1031","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2007.04.016","volume":"1771","author":"MT Heneka","year":"2007","unstructured":"Heneka MT, Landreth GE (2007) PPARs in the brain. Biochim Biophys Acta 1771:1031\u20131045","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"9527_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2641","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgm183","volume":"28","author":"HE Hollingshead","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hollingshead HE, Killins RL, Borland MG, Girroir EE, Billin AN, Willson TM, Sharma AK, Amin S, Gonzales FJ, Peters JM (2007) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-beta\/delta (PPARbeta\/delta) ligands do not potentiate growth of human cancer cell lines. Carcinogenesis 28:2641\u20132649","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"9527_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43112","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.252775","volume":"286","author":"E Hondares","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hondares E, Rosell M, D\u00edaz-Delfin J et al (2011) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 (PPAR\u03b1) induces PPAR\u03b3 coactivator 1\u03b1 (PGC-1\u03b1) gene expression and contributes to thermogenic activation of brown fat: involvement of PRDM16. J Biol Chem 286:43112\u201343122","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9527_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1124\/mol.111.076745","volume":"81","author":"MT Hoque","year":"2012","unstructured":"Hoque MT, Robillard KR, Bendayan R (2012) Regulation of breast cancer resistant protein by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b1 in human brain microvessel endothelial cells. Mol Pharmacol 81:598\u2013609","journal-title":"Mol Pharmacol"},{"key":"9527_CR33","unstructured":"HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee (HGNC) at http:\/\/www.genenames.org\/genefamilies\/NR , accessed 20 Jan 2014"},{"key":"9527_CR34","author":"C Iadecola","year":"2013","unstructured":"Iadecola C (2013) The pathobiology of vascular dementia. Neurology. doi: 10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.008","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"9527_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-3-9","volume":"3","author":"NC Inestrosa","year":"2008","unstructured":"Inestrosa NC, Toledo EM (2008) The role of Wnt signaling in neuronal dysfunction in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. MolNeurodegener 3:9","journal-title":"Mol.Neurodegener"},{"key":"9527_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2004.09.032","volume":"304","author":"NC Inestrosa","year":"2005","unstructured":"Inestrosa NC, Godoy JA, Quintanilla RA, Koenig CS, Bronfman M (2005) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma is expressed in hippocampal neurons and its activation prevents \u03b2-amyloid neurodegeneration: role of Wnt signaling. Exp Cell Res 304:91\u2013104","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"9527_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.2174\/156720509789207949","volume":"6","author":"S Kalinin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kalinin S, Richardson JC, Feinstein DL (2009) A PPARdelta agonist reduces amyloid burden and brain inflammation in a transgenic mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 6:431\u2013437","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"9527_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19276","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3487-13.2013","volume":"33","author":"T Kaneyiko","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kaneyiko T, Cirrito JR, Liu CC, Shinohara M (2013) Neuronal clearance of Amyloid-\u03b2 by endocytic receptor LRP1. J Neurosci 33:19276\u201319283. doi: 10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3487-13.2013","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"715","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2011-1049","volume":"33","author":"J Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang J, Rivest S (2012) Lipid metabolism and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a role for liver X receptors. Endocr Rev 33:715\u2013746","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9527_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8845","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.6102-11.2012","volume":"32","author":"SY Kook","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kook SY, Hong HS, Moon M, Ha CM, Chang S, Mook-Jung I (2012) A\u03b21-42-RAGE interaction disrupts tight junctions of the blood-brain barrier via Ca2+-calcineurin signaling. J Neurosci 32:8845\u20138854","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-1326-8-18","volume":"8","author":"KD LaClair","year":"2013","unstructured":"LaClair KD, Manaye KF, Lee DL et al (2013) Treatment with bexarotene, a compound that increases apolipoprotein-E, provides no cognitive benefit in mutant APP\/PS1 mice. Mol Neurodegener 8:18","journal-title":"Mol Neurodegener"},{"key":"9527_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1204890","volume":"367","author":"FM LaFerla","year":"2012","unstructured":"LaFerla FM (2012) Preclinical success against Alzheimer\u2019s disease with an old drug. N Engl J Med 367:570\u2013574","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"9527_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234114","volume":"340","author":"GE Landreth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Landreth GE, Cramer PE, Lakner MM et al (2013) Response to comments on \u201cApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d. Science 340:924. doi: 10.1126\/science.1234114","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR44","author":"JB Langbaum","year":"2013","unstructured":"Langbaum JB, Fleisher AS, Chen K et al (2013) Ushering in the study and treatment of preclinical Alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurol. doi: 10.1038\/nrneurol.2013.107","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurol"},{"key":"9527_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1586\/ern.10.74","volume":"10","author":"HP Lee","year":"2010","unstructured":"Lee HP, Zhu X, Casadesus G et al (2010) Antioxidant approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Expert Rev Neurother 10:1201\u20131208","journal-title":"Expert Rev Neurother"},{"key":"9527_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1383","DOI":"10.1093\/brain\/awt062","volume":"136","author":"SE Lesn\u00e9","year":"2013","unstructured":"Lesn\u00e9 SE, Sherman MA, Grant M et al (2013) Brain amyloid-\u03b2 oligomers in ageing and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Brain 136:1383\u20131398","journal-title":"Brain"},{"key":"9527_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1093\/hmg\/ddl066","volume":"15","author":"M Manczak","year":"2006","unstructured":"Manczak M, Anekonda TS, Henson E, Park BS, Quinn J, Reddy PH (2006) Mitochondria are a direct site of A\u03b2 accumulation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease neurons: implications for free radical generation and oxidative damage in disease progression. Hum Mol Genet 15:1437\u20131449","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"9527_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.3.329","volume":"6","author":"DJ Mangelsdorf","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mangelsdorf DJ, Borgmeyer U, Heyman RA et al (1992) Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes Dev 6:329\u2013344","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"key":"9527_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3229","volume":"13","author":"H Manji","year":"2012","unstructured":"Manji H, Kato T, Di Prospero NA et al (2012) Impaired mitochondrial function in psychiatric disorders. Nature Rev Neurosci 13:293\u2013307","journal-title":"Nature Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0b013e32834f043b","volume":"30","author":"A Mart\u00edn","year":"2012","unstructured":"Mart\u00edn A, P\u00e9rez-Gir\u00f3n JV, Hernanz R, Palacios R, Briones AM, Fortu\u00f1o A, Zalba G, Salaices M, Alonso MJ (2012) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-\u03b3 activation reduces cyclooxygenase-2 expression in vascular smooth muscle cells from hypertensive rats by interfering with oxidative stress. J Hypertens 30:315\u2013326","journal-title":"J Hypertens"},{"key":"9527_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1038\/nature06616","volume":"451","author":"M Meyer-Luehmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Meyer-Luehmann M, Spires-Jones TL, Prada C et al (2008) Rapid appearance and local toxicity of amyloid-\u03b2 plaques in a mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Nature 451:720\u2013724","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9527_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-0082(00)00015-0","volume":"62","author":"S Miranda","year":"2000","unstructured":"Miranda S, Opazo C, Larrondo LF et al (2000) The role of oxidative stress in the toxicity induced by amyloid beta-peptide in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Prog Neurobiol 62:633\u2013648","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"9527_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"898","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2003-0034","volume":"26","author":"DJ Mulholland","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mulholland DJ, Dedhar S, Coetzee GA, Nelson CC (2005) Interaction of nuclear receptors with the Wnt\/beta-catenin\/Tcf signaling axis: Wnt you like to know? Endocr Rev 26:898\u2013915","journal-title":"Endocr Rev"},{"key":"9527_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2395","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.23004","volume":"121","author":"G Muzio","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muzio G, Maggiora M, Oraldi M, Trombetta A, Canuto RA (2007) PPARalpha and PP2A are involved in the proapoptotic effect of conjugated linoleic acid on human hepatoma cell line SK-HEP-1. Int J Cancer 121:2395\u20132401","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"9527_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.2174\/156720209788970081","volume":"6","author":"C Mysiorek","year":"2009","unstructured":"Mysiorek C, Culot M, Dehouck L, Derudas B, Bordet R, Cecchelli R, Fenart L, Berezowski V (2009) Peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation protects brain capillary endothelial cells from oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced hyperpermeability in the blood-brain barrier. Curr Neurovasc Res 6:181\u2013193","journal-title":"Curr Neurovasc Res"},{"key":"9527_CR56","author":"MD Neher","year":"2012","unstructured":"Neher MD, Weckbach S, Huber-Lang MS, Stahel PF (2012) New insights into the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in regulating the inflammatory response after tissue injury. PPAR Res. doi: 10.1155\/2012\/728461","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"9527_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.jcbfm.9600278","volume":"26","author":"ME O\u2019Donnell","year":"2006","unstructured":"O\u2019Donnell ME, Lam TI, Tran LQ (2006) Estradiol reduces activity of the blood-brain barrier Na-K-Cl cotransporter and decreases edema formation in permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 26:1234\u20131249","journal-title":"J Cereb Blood Flow Metab"},{"key":"9527_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1584","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3407","volume":"19","author":"B Obermeier","year":"2013","unstructured":"Obermeier B, Daneman R, Ransohoff RM (2013) Development, maintenance and disruption of the blood-brain barrier. Nat Med 19:1584\u20131596. doi: 10.1038\/nm.3407","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9527_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36863","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.R100047200","volume":"276","author":"JM Olefsky","year":"2001","unstructured":"Olefsky JM (2001) Nuclear receptor minireview series. J Biol Chem 276:36863\u201336864","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9527_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2010.3287","volume":"14","author":"AC Paula-Lima","year":"2011","unstructured":"Paula-Lima AC, Adasme T, SanMart\u00edn C et al (2011) Amyloid \u03b2-peptide oligomers stimulate RyR-mediated Ca2+ release inducing mitochondrial fragmentation in hippocampal neurons and prevent RyR-mediated dendritic spine remodeling produced by BDNF. Antioxid Redox Signal 14:1209\u20131223","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal"},{"key":"9527_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1002\/msj.20157","volume":"77","author":"DP Perl","year":"2010","unstructured":"Perl DP (2010) Neuropathology of Alzheimer's disease. Mt Sinai J Med 77:32\u201342","journal-title":"Mt Sinai J Med"},{"key":"9527_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e57812","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0057812","volume":"8","author":"CW Philipson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Philipson CW, Bassaganya-Riera J, Viladomiu M, Pedragosa M, Guerrant RL, Roche JK, Hontecillas R (2013) The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor \u03b3 in immune responses to enteroaggregative Escherichia coli infection. PLoS One 8:e57812","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9527_CR63","author":"S Polvani","year":"2012","unstructured":"Polvani S, Tarocchi M, Galli A (2012) PPAR\u03b3 and oxidative stress: Con(\u03b2) catenating NRF2 and FOXO. PPAR Res. doi: 10.1155\/2012\/641087","journal-title":"PPAR Res"},{"key":"9527_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234089","volume":"340","author":"AR Price","year":"2013","unstructured":"Price AR, Xu G, Siemienski ZB et al (2013) Comment on \u201cApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d. Science 340:924. doi: 10.1126\/science.1234089","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra0909142","volume":"362","author":"HW Querfurth","year":"2010","unstructured":"Querfurth HW, LaFerla FM (2010) Alzheimer\u2019s disease. N Engl J Med 362:329\u201344","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"9527_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e65140","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0065140","volume":"8","author":"RA Quintanilla","year":"2013","unstructured":"Quintanilla RA, Godoy JA, Alfaro I, Cabezas D, von Bernhardi R, Bronfman M, Inestrosa NC (2013) Thiazolidinediones promote axonal growth through the activation of the JNK pathway. PLoS One 8(5):e65140. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0065140","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"9527_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmed.2007.12.002","volume":"14","author":"OH Reddy","year":"2008","unstructured":"Reddy OH, Beal MF (2008) Amyloid \u03b2, mitochondrial dysfunction and synaptic damage: implications for cognitive decline in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Trends Mol Med 14:45\u201353","journal-title":"Trends Mol Med"},{"key":"9527_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.psych.57.102904.190024","volume":"60","author":"DP Salmon","year":"2009","unstructured":"Salmon DP, Bondi MW (2009) Neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Annu Rev Psychol 60:257\u2013282","journal-title":"Annu Rev Psychol"},{"key":"9527_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41057","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M505160200","volume":"280","author":"MJ Santos","year":"2005","unstructured":"Santos MJ, Quintanilla RA, Toro A, Grandy R, Dinamarca MC, Godoy JA, Inestrosa NC (2005) Peroxisomal proliferation protects from beta-amyloid neurodegeneration. J Biol Chem 280:41057\u201341068","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9527_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2001-3111","volume":"3","author":"DJ Selkoe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Selkoe DJ (2001) Alzheimer's disease results from the cerebral accumulation and cytotoxicity of amyloid beta-protein. J Alzheimers Dis 3:75\u201380","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"9527_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2460","volume":"17","author":"DJ Selkoe","year":"2011","unstructured":"Selkoe DJ (2011) Resolving controversies on the path to Alzheimer\u2019s therapeuthics. Nat Med 17:1060\u20131065","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"9527_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.20998","volume":"212","author":"P Sertizing","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sertizing P, Seifert M, Tilgen W, Reichrath J (2007) Present concepts and future outlook: function of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) for pathogenesis, progression, and therapy of cancer. J Cell Physiol 212:1\u201312","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"key":"9527_CR73","author":"F Shaerzadeh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Shaerzadeh F, Motamedi F, Minai-Tehrani D, Khodagholi F (2013) Monitoring of neuronal loss in the hippocampus of A\u03b2-injected rat: autophagy, mitophagy, and mitochondrial biogenesis stand against apoptosis. Neuromolecular Med. doi: 10.1007\/s12017-013-8272-8","journal-title":"Neuromolecular Med"},{"key":"9527_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2251","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-04-3037","volume":"65","author":"KL Sheaffer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sheaffer KL, Wada K, Takahashi H, Matsuhashi N, Ohnishi S, Wolfe MM, Turner JR, Nakajima A, Borkan SC, Saubermann LJ (2005) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma inhibition prevents adhesion to the extracellular matrix and induces anoikis in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 65:2251\u20132259","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"9527_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"a005777","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a005777","volume":"4","author":"M Sheng","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sheng M, Sabatini BL, S\u00fcdhof TC (2012) Synapses and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 4:a005777","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol"},{"key":"9527_CR76","author":"DF Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva DF, Selfridge JE, Lu J et al (2013) Bioenergetics flux, mitochondrial mass and mitochondrial morphology dynamics and AD and MCI cybrid cell lines. Hum Mol Genet. doi: 10.1093\/hmg\/ddt247","journal-title":"Hum Mol Genet"},{"key":"9527_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2013.00097","volume":"7","author":"C Silva-Alvarez","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva-Alvarez C, Arr\u00e1zola MS, Godoy JA, Ordenes D, Inestrosa NC (2013) Canonical Wnt signaling protects hippocampal neurons from A\u03b2 oligomers: role of non-canonical Wnt-5\u00aa\/Ca(2+) in mitocondrial dynamics. Front Cell Neurosci 7:97","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR78","author":"I Singh","year":"2013","unstructured":"Singh I, Sagare AP, Coma M, Perlmutter D, Gelein R, Bell RD, Deane RJ, Zhong E, Parisi M, Ciszewski J, Kasper RT, Deane R (2013) Low levels of copper disrupt brain amyloid-\u03b2 homeostasis by altering its production and clearance. PNAS. doi: 10.1073\/pnas.1302212110","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"key":"9527_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1038\/382120b0","volume":"382","author":"MA Smith","year":"1996","unstructured":"Smith MA, Perry G, Richey PL et al (1996) Oxidative damage in Alzheimer\u2019s. Nature 382:120\u201321","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"9527_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1220725","volume":"335","author":"WJ Strittmatter","year":"2012","unstructured":"Strittmatter WJ (2012) Old drug, new hope for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Science 335:1447. doi: 10.1126\/science.1220725","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2012.06.012","volume":"75","author":"TC S\u00fcdhof","year":"2012","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof TC (2012) The presynaptic active zone. Neuron 75:11\u201325","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"9527_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"675","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2013.10.022","volume":"80","author":"TC S\u00fcdhof","year":"2013","unstructured":"S\u00fcdhof TC (2013) Neurotransmitter release : the last millisecond in the life of a synaptic vesicle. Neuron 80:675\u2013690","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"9527_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.410300410","volume":"30","author":"RD Terry","year":"1991","unstructured":"Terry RD, Masliah E, Salmon DP et al (1991) Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment. Ann Neurol 30:572\u201380","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"9527_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1233937","volume":"340","author":"I Tesseur","year":"2013","unstructured":"Tesseur I, Lo AC, Roberfroid A et al (2013) Comment on \u201cApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d. Science 340:924. doi: 10.1126\/science.1233937","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35222","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M112.348300","volume":"287","author":"T Tokutake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Tokutake T, Kasuga K, Yajima R, Sekine Y, Tezuka T, Nishizawa M, Ikeuchi T (2012) Hyperphosphorylation of tau induced by naturally secreted amyloid-\u03b2 at nanomolar concentrations is modulated by insulin-dependent Akt-GSK3\u03b2 signaling pathway. J Biol Chem 287:35222\u201335233","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"9527_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1038\/mp.2009.72","volume":"15","author":"EM Toledo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Toledo EM, Inestrosa NC (2010) Activation of Wnt signaling by lithium and rosiglitazone reduced spatial memory impairment and neurodegeneration in brains of an APPswe\/PSEN1DeltaE9 mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Mol Psychiatry 15:272\u2013285","journal-title":"Mol Psychiatry"},{"key":"9527_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1235505","volume":"340","author":"K Veeraraghavalu","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veeraraghavalu K, Zhang C, Miller S et al (2013) Comment on \u201cApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear \u03b2-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models\u201d. Science 340:924. doi: 10.1126\/science.1235505","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"9527_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.2165\/00023210-200317010-00003","volume":"17","author":"GS Watson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Watson GS, Craft S (2003) The role of insulin resistance in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: implications for treatment. CNS Drugs 17:27\u201345","journal-title":"CNS Drugs"},{"key":"9527_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6398","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0780-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"KJ Yin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Yin KJ, Deng Z, Hamblin M, Xiang Y, Huang H, Zhang J, Jiang X, Wang Y, Chen YE (2010) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta regulation of miR-15a in ischemia-induced cerebral vascular endothelial injury. J Neurosci 30:6398\u20136408","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2008.01.003","volume":"57","author":"BV Zlokovic","year":"2008","unstructured":"Zlokovic BV (2008) The blood-brain barrier in health and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Neuron 57:178\u2013201","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"9527_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3114","volume":"12","author":"BV Zlokovic","year":"2011","unstructured":"Zlokovic BV (2011) Neurovascular pathways to neurodegeneration in Alzheimmer\u2019s disease and other disorders. Nat Rev Neurosci 12:723\u201338","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"9527_CR92","author":"JM Zolezzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zolezzi JM, Inestrosa NC (2013) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: hitting the blood-brain barrier. Mol Neurobiol. doi: 10.1007\/s12035-013-8435-5","journal-title":"Mol Neurobiol"},{"key":"9527_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e64019","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064019","volume":"8","author":"JM Zolezzi","year":"2013","unstructured":"Zolezzi JM, Silva-Alvarez C, Ordenes D et al (2013) Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) \u03b3 and PPAR\u03b1 agonists modulate mitochondrial fusion-fission dynamics: relevance to reactive oxygen species (ROS)-related neurodegenerative disorders? PLoS One 8:e64019. doi: 10.1371\/journal.pone.0064019","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,8]],"date-time":"2019-08-08T20:52:05Z","timestamp":1565297525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]},"references-count":93,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,9]]}},"alternative-id":["9527"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-014-9527-2","relation":{},"ISSN":["0885-7490","1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0885-7490","type":"print"},{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,25]]}}}