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Instrumental variables (IVs) were selected based on genetic variants associated with primary SS. The primary MR method was Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), supplemented by MR Egger, Weighted Median, Simple Mode, and Weighted Mode algorithms to assess the bidirectional causal relationships between MS and primary SS. Sensitivity analyses, including MR-PRESSO and leave-one-out analysis, were conducted to ensure the robustness of our findings.\u00a0After excluding SNPs with pleiotropic effects, 42 and 5 SNPs were identified as robust IVs for primary SS and MS, respectively. Our analysis revealed a significant protective effect of MS on primary SS, with IVW showing an OR of 0.896 (95% CI: 0.841\u20130.954, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001). No significant heterogeneity or horizontal pleiotropy was detected, supporting the reliability of the results.\u00a0Our findings suggest a potential protective effect of MS against primary SS, indicating a negative causal association between these two autoimmune diseases. This adds valuable genetic evidence to the understanding of the complex interplay between primary SS and MS, offering new avenues for research and therapeutic interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-024-01379-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]],"date-time":"2024-07-17T07:02:38Z","timestamp":1721199758000},"page":"1109-1115","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Causal relationship between multiple sclerosis and primary Sj\u00f6gren\u2019s syndrome: a two-sample mendelian randomization study"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Jie","family":"Shen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiao","family":"Ye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tianhang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinli","family":"Miao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenmin","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Yuan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,17]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"1379_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1501678","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.1501678","volume":"2","author":"TF Andlauer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andlauer TF, Buck D, Antony G, Bayas A, Bechmann L, Berthele A, Muller-Myhsok B (2016) Novel multiple sclerosis susceptibility loci implicated in epigenetic regulation. 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