{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,19]],"date-time":"2025-11-19T20:38:44Z","timestamp":1763584724378,"version":"3.40.4"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]],"date-time":"2025-03-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743120000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"CNPq","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["312036\/2021-3"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["312036\/2021-3"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,31]],"date-time":"2025-03-31T01:21:06Z","timestamp":1743384066000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Protective effects of alpha-lipoic acid on memory deficit induced by repeated doses of solifenacin in mice: the role of nitro-oxidative stress"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3452-0592","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Leonardo Pimentel","family":"Dantas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8516-1804","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emanuel","family":"Carneiro de Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5044-1312","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Carla","family":"da Silva Cunha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1212-1021","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pauliane Valeska Chagas","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-3401","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morgana Carla Souza","family":"Torres","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5409-0441","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Caren N\u00e1dia Soares","family":"de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7139-3380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Gabriel Angelo","family":"de Aquino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4217-8950","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manuel Alves","family":"dos Santos Junior","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6252-7698","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pedro Henrique","family":"Freitas de Rezende","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4614-300X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Wilson","family":"Silva de Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6194-6516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Manoel Cl\u00e1udio Azevedo","family":"Patrocinio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1478-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silv\u00e2nia Maria Mendes","family":"Vasconcelos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6137","key":"1586_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1234733","volume":"340","author":"SE Ahmari","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ahmari SE, Spellman T, Douglass NL, Kheirbek MA, Simpson HB, Deisseroth K, Gordon JA, Hen R (2013) Repeated cortico-striatal stimulation generates persistent OCD-like behavior. Science 340(6137):1234\u20131239. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.1234733","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-170543","volume":"62","author":"D Allan Butterfield","year":"2018","unstructured":"Allan Butterfield D, Boyd-Kimball D (2018) Oxidative stress, amyloid-\u03b2 peptide, and altered key molecular pathways in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 62(3):1345\u20131367. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-170543","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","volume":"13","author":"M Antunes","year":"2012","unstructured":"Antunes M, Biala G (2012) The novel object recognition memory: neurobiology, test procedure, and its modifications. Cogn Process 13(2):93\u2013110. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10339-011-0430-z","journal-title":"Cogn Process"},{"key":"1586_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/s0003-3472(73)80065-x","volume":"21","author":"J Archer","year":"1973","unstructured":"Archer J (1973) Tests for emotionality in rats and mice: a review. Anim Behav 21:205\u2013235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0003-3472(73)80065-x","journal-title":"Anim Behav"},{"issue":"5227","key":"1586_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1115","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7652558","volume":"269","author":"A Bechara","year":"1995","unstructured":"Bechara A, Tranel D, Damasio H, Adolphs R, Rockland C, Damasio AR (1995) Double dissociation of conditioning and declarative knowledge relative to the amygdala and hippocampus in humans. Science 269(5227):1115\u20131118. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.7652558","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2009-1041","volume":"17","author":"S Bennett","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bennett S, Grant MM, Aldred S (2009) Oxidative stress in vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a common pathology. J Alzheimers Dis 17(2):245\u2013257. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2009-1041","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.07.001","volume":"98","author":"MG Blake","year":"2012","unstructured":"Blake MG, Boccia MM, Krawczyk MC, Delorenzi A, Baratti CM (2012) Choline reverses scopolamine-induced memory impairment by improving memory reconsolidation. Neurobiol Learn Mem 98(2):112\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.07.001","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1002\/ddr.430280103","volume":"28","author":"JD Brioni","year":"1993","unstructured":"Brioni JD (1993) Role of GABA during the multiple consolidation of memory. Drug Dev Res 28(1):3\u201327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ddr.430280103","journal-title":"Drug Dev Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1038\/s41583-019-0132-6","volume":"20","author":"DA Butterfield","year":"2019","unstructured":"Butterfield DA, Halliwell B (2019) Oxidative stress, dysfunctional glucose metabolism and alzheimer disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 20(3):148\u2013160. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41583-019-0132-6","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.08.003","volume":"98","author":"PA Caffaro","year":"2012","unstructured":"Caffaro PA, Su\u00e1rez LD, Blake MG, Delorenzi A (2012) Dissociation between memory reactivation and its behavioral expression: scopolamine interferes with memory expression without disrupting long-term storage. Neurobiol Learn Mem 98(3):235\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nlm.2012.08.003","journal-title":"Neurobiol Learn Mem"},{"issue":"4","key":"1586_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-190863","volume":"72","author":"F Cioffi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Cioffi F, Adam RHI, Broersen K (2019) Molecular mechanisms and genetics of oxidative stress in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 72(4):981\u20131017. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-190863","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1586_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0677","volume":"179","author":"CAC Coupland","year":"2019","unstructured":"Coupland CAC, Hill T, Dening T, Morriss R, Moore M, Hippisley-Cox J (2019) Anticholinergic drug exposure and the risk of dementia: a nested case-control study. JAMA Intern Med 179:1084\u20131093. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamainternmed.2019.0677","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1586_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1159\/000136777","volume":"16","author":"JM Cunha","year":"1978","unstructured":"Cunha JM, Masur J (1978) Evaluation of psychotropic drugs with a modified open field test. Pharmacology 16(5):259\u2013267. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000136777","journal-title":"Pharmacology"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.08.008","volume":"203","author":"OP Dall\u2019Igna","year":"2007","unstructured":"Dall\u2019Igna OP, Fett P, Gomes MW, Souza DO, Cunha RA, Lara DR (2007) Caffeine and adenosine A2a receptor antagonists prevent \u03b2-amyloid (25\u201335)-induced cognitive deficits in mice. Exp Neurol 203(1):241\u2013245. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.expneurol.2006.08.008","journal-title":"Exp Neurol"},{"key":"1586_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11721","DOI":"10.1590\/1414-431X2021e11721","volume":"2555","author":"LP Dantas","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dantas LP, Forte ARCC, Lima BC, Sousa CNS, Vasconcelos EC, Lessa PHC, Vieira RF, Patroc\u00ednio MCA, Vasconcelos SMM (2022) Treatment of bladder dysfunction with Solifenacin: is there a risk of dementia or cognitive impairment? Braz J Med Biol Res 2555:e11721. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/1414-431X2021e11721","journal-title":"Braz J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"1586_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.3109\/00207454.2010.535934","volume":"121","author":"DP de Ara\u00fajo","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Ara\u00fajo DP, Lobato RDFG, Cavalcanti JRLDP, Sampaio LRL, Ara\u00fajo PVP, Silva MCC, Neves KRT, Fonteles MMDF, de Sousa FCF, Vasconcelos SMM (2011) The contributions of antioxidant activity of lipoic acid in reducing neurogenerative progression of Parkinson\u2019s disease: a review. Int J Neurosci 121:51\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/00207454.2010.535934","journal-title":"Int J Neurosci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-101026","volume":"23","author":"LW de Jong","year":"2011","unstructured":"de Jong LW, Ferrarini L, van der Grond J, Milles JR, Reiber JHC, Westendorp RGJ, Bollen ELEM, Middelkoop HAM, van Buchem MA (2011) Shape abnormalities of the striatum in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 23(1):49\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-101026","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"1586_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-018-1509-1","volume":"391","author":"CNS de Sousa","year":"2018","unstructured":"de Sousa CNS, Meneses LN, Vasconcelos GS, da Silva Medeiros I, Silva MCC, Mouaffak F, Kebir O, da Silva Leite CMG, Patrocinio MCA, Macedo D, Vasconcelos SMM (2018) Neuroprotective evidence of alpha-lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine on memory deficit in a neuroendocrine model of depression. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 391(8):803\u2013817. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-018-1509-1","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-018-0344-x","volume":"34","author":"CNS de Sousa","year":"2019","unstructured":"de Sousa CNS, da Silva Leite CMG, da Silva Medeiros I, Vasconcelos LC, Cabral LM, Patroc\u00ednio CFV, Patroc\u00ednio MLV, Mouaffak F, Kebir O, Macedo D, Patroc\u00ednio MCA, Vasconcelos SMM (2019) Alpha-lipoic acid in the treatment of psychiatric and neurological disorders: a systematic review. Metab Brain Dis 34(1):39\u201352. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-018-0344-x","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"1586_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s40266-017-0474-6","volume":"34","author":"VH Decalf","year":"2017","unstructured":"Decalf VH, Huion AMJ, Benoit DF, Denys M-A, Petrovic M, Everaert KCMM (2017) Older People\u2019s preferences for side effects associated with antimuscarinic treatments of overactive bladder: a discrete-choice experiment. Drugs Aging 34:615\u2013623. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40266-017-0474-6","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"issue":"4","key":"1586_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02244005","volume":"100","author":"MW Decker","year":"1990","unstructured":"Decker MW, Tran T, McGaugh JL (1990) A comparison of the effects of scopolamine and diazepam on acquisition and retention of inhibitory avoidance in mice. Psychopharmacology 100(4):515\u2013521. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF02244005","journal-title":"Psychopharmacology"},{"issue":"4","key":"1586_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1016\/0091-3057(86)90465-X","volume":"24","author":"VJ DeNoble","year":"1986","unstructured":"DeNoble VJ, Repetti SJ, Gelpke LW, Wood LM, Keim KL (1986) Vinpocetine: nootropic effects on scopolamine-induced and hypoxia-induced retrieval deficits of a step-through passive avoidance response in rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 24(4):1123\u20131128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0091-3057(86)90465-X","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.24536","volume":"40","author":"RR Dmochowski","year":"2021","unstructured":"Dmochowski RR, Thai S, Iglay K, Enemchukwu E, Tee S, Varano S, Girman C, Radican L, Mudd PN, Poole C (2021) Increased risk of incident dementia following use of anticholinergic agents: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Neurourol Urodyn 40(1):28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/nau.24536","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"1586_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86135-I","volume":"186","author":"HH Draper","year":"1990","unstructured":"Draper HH, Hadley M (1990) Malondialdehyde determination as index of lipid peroxidation. Methods Enzymol 186:421\u2013431. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0076-6879(90)86135-I","journal-title":"Methods Enzymol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1586_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/hipo.20656","volume":"20","author":"CR Furini","year":"2010","unstructured":"Furini CR, Rossato JI, Bitencourt LL, Medina JH, Izquierdo I, Cammarota M (2010) \u03b2-adrenergic receptors link NO\/sGC\/PKG signaling to BDNF expression during the consolidation of object recognition long-term memory. Hippocampus 20(5):672\u2013683. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hipo.20656","journal-title":"Hippocampus"},{"key":"1586_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(86)90927-1","volume":"46","author":"PE Gold","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gold PE (1986) The use of avoidance training in studies of modulation of memory storage. Behav Neural Biol 46:87\u201398. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-1047(86)90927-1","journal-title":"Behav Neural Biol"},{"key":"1586_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1016\/s1734-1140(11)70600-4","volume":"63","author":"A Gor\u0105ca","year":"2011","unstructured":"Gor\u0105ca A, Huk-Kolega H, Piechota A, Kleniewska P, Ciejka E, Skibska B (2011) Lipoic acid - biological activity and therapeutic potential. Pharmacol Rep 63:849\u2013858. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s1734-1140(11)70600-4","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep"},{"key":"1586_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gould TD, Dao DT, Kovacsics CE (2009) The open field test. In: Gould TD (ed) Mood and anxiety related phenotypes in mice: Characterization using behavioral tests. Humana Press, New York, pp 1\u201320. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/978-1-60761-303-9_1","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-60761-303-9_1"},{"issue":"4490","key":"1586_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6451927","volume":"212","author":"LC Green","year":"1981","unstructured":"Green LC, Tannenbaum SR, Goldman P (1981) Nitrate synthesis in the germfree and conventional rat. Science 212(4490):56\u201358. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.6451927","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1586_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haam J, Yakel JL (2017) Cholinergic modulation of the hippocampal region and memory function. 142 suppl 2. Suppl 2111\u2013121. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14052","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14052"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(01)00104-2","volume":"32","author":"K Hager","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hager K, Marahrens A, Kenklies M, Riederer P, M\u00fcnch G (2001) Alpha-lipoic acid as a new treatment option for alzheimer type dementia. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 32(3):275\u2013282. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0167-4943(01)00104-2","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1037\/h0071444","volume":"18","author":"CS Hall","year":"1934","unstructured":"Hall CS (1934) Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality. J Comp Psychol 18(3):385\u2013403. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1037\/h0071444","journal-title":"J Comp Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"641","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2010-100474","volume":"22","author":"G Ill-Raga","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ill-Raga G, Ramos-Fern\u00e1ndez E, Guix FX, Tajes M, Bosch-Morat\u00f3 M, Palomer E, Godoy J, Belmar S, Cerpa W, Simpkins JW, Inestrosa NC, Muoz FJ (2010) Amyloid-\u03b2 peptide fibrils induce nitro-oxidative stress in neuronal cells. J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease 22(2):641\u2013652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2010-100474","journal-title":"J Alzheimer\u2019s Disease"},{"key":"1586_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.014","volume":"107","author":"A Ionescu-Tucker","year":"2021","unstructured":"Ionescu-Tucker A, Cotman CW (2021) Emerging roles of oxidative stress in brain aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurobiol Aging 107:86\u201395. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2021.07.014","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"7","key":"1586_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"260","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-6147(91)90567-c","volume":"12","author":"I Izquierdo","year":"1991","unstructured":"Izquierdo I, Medina JH (1991) GABAA receptor modulation of memory: the role of endogenous benzodiazepines. Trends Pharmacol Sci 12(7):260\u2013265. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0165-6147(91)90567-c","journal-title":"Trends Pharmacol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0163-1047(93)91061-Q","volume":"59","author":"I Izquierdo","year":"1993","unstructured":"Izquierdo I, Bianchin M, Bueno E, Silva M, Zanatta MS, Walz R, Ruschel AC, da Silva RC, Paczko N, Medina JH (1993) CNQX infused into rat hippocampus or amygdala disrupts the expression of memory of two different tasks. Behav Neural Biol 59(1):1\u20134. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0163-1047(93)91061-Q","journal-title":"Behav Neural Biol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1586_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0086","volume":"28","author":"W Jaroudi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Jaroudi W, Garami J, Garrido S, Hornberger M, Keri S, Moustafa AA (2017) Factors underlying cognitive decline in old age and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: the role of the hippocampus. Rev Neurosci 28(7):705\u2013714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1515\/revneuro-2016-0086","journal-title":"Rev Neurosci"},{"issue":"10","key":"1586_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2538","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.367","volume":"2","author":"Av Kalueff","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kalueff Av, Wayne Aldridge J, Laporte JL, Murphy DL, Tuohimaa P (2007) Analyzing grooming microstructure in neurobehavioral experiments. Nat Protoc 2(10):2538\u20132544. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nprot.2007.367","journal-title":"Nat Protoc"},{"key":"1586_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2015.8","volume":"17","author":"Av Kalueff","year":"2016","unstructured":"Kalueff Av, Stewart AM, Song C, Berridge KC, Graybiel AM, Fentress JC (2016) Neurobiology of rodent self-grooming and its value for translational neuroscience HHS public access. Nat Rev Neurosci 17:45\u201359. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2015.8","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1586_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119899","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119899","volume":"284","author":"D Kaur","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kaur D, Behl T, Sehgal A, Singh S, Sharma N, Chigurupati S, Alhowail A, Abdeen A, Ibrahim SF, Vargas-De-La-Cruz C, Sachdeva M, Bhatia S, Al-Harrasi A, Bungau S (2021) Decrypting the potential role of \u03b1-lipoic acid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Life Sci 284:119899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.lfs.2021.119899","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e16718","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0016718","volume":"6","author":"TM Kessler","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kessler TM, Bachmann LM, Minder C, L\u00f6hrer D, Umbehr M, Sch\u00fcnemann HJ, Kessels AGH (2011) Adverse event assessment of antimuscarinics for treating overactive bladder: a network meta-analytic approach. PLoS ONE 6(2):e16718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0016718","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"8","key":"1586_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10081983","volume":"10","author":"E Kropf","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kropf E, Fahnestock M (2021) Effects of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species on Trka expression and signalling: implications for prongf in aging and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Cells 10(8):1983. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells10081983","journal-title":"Cells"},{"issue":"5","key":"1586_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5778","volume":"74","author":"RJ Kryscio","year":"2017","unstructured":"Kryscio RJ, Abner EL, Caban-Holt A, Lovell M, Goodman P, Darke AK, Yee M, Crowley J, Schmitt FA (2017) Association of antioxidant supplement use and dementia in the prevention of Alzheimer\u2019s disease by vitamin E and selenium trial (PREADViSE). JAMA Neurol 74(5):567\u2013573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2016.5778","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1586_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55718","DOI":"10.3791\/55718","volume":"126","author":"LM Lueptow","year":"2017","unstructured":"Lueptow LM (2017) Novel object recognition test for the investigation of learning and memory in mice. J Vis Exp 126:55718. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3791\/55718","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"1586_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2008.04.015","volume":"60","author":"A Maczurek","year":"2008","unstructured":"Maczurek A, Hager K, Kenklies M, Sharman M, Martins R, Engel J, Carlson DA, M\u00fcnch G (2008) Lipoic acid as an anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective treatment for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 60:1463\u20131470. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.addr.2008.04.015","journal-title":"Adv Drug Deliv Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.2174\/187152710791012071","volume":"9","author":"S Mandrekar","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mandrekar S, Landreth GE (2010) Microglia and inflammation in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 9(2):156\u2013167. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/187152710791012071","journal-title":"CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets"},{"issue":"4","key":"1586_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1080\/21681805.2019.1619832","volume":"53","author":"I Milsom","year":"2019","unstructured":"Milsom I, Schiotz HA, Svensson M, Kilany S, Hansson F (2019) A nordic registry-based study of drug treatment patterns in overactive bladder patients. Scand J Urol 53(4):246\u2013254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/21681805.2019.1619832","journal-title":"Scand J Urol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00580-8","volume":"312","author":"M Ohno","year":"1996","unstructured":"Ohno M, Watanabe S (1996) Interactive processing between glutamatergic and cholinergic systems involved in inhibitory avoidance learning of rats. Eur J Pharmacol 312(2):145\u2013147. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0014-2999(96)00580-8","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol"},{"issue":"12","key":"1586_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1248\/bpb.30.2324","volume":"30","author":"H Okutsu","year":"2007","unstructured":"Okutsu H, Noguchi Y, Ohtake A, Suzuki M, Sato S, Sasamata M (2007) Effects of intravenously and orally administered Solifenacin succinate (YM905) on carbachol-induced intravesical pressure elevation and salivary secretion in mice. Biol Pharm Bull 30(12):2324\u20132327. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1248\/bpb.30.2324","journal-title":"Biol Pharm Bull"},{"issue":"8","key":"1586_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2012.10.010","volume":"29","author":"E Orta-Salazar","year":"2014","unstructured":"Orta-Salazar E, Cuellar-Lemus CA, D\u00edaz-Cintra S, Feria-Velasco AI (2014) Cholinergic markers in the cortex and hippocampus of some animal species and their correlation to Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition) 29(8):497\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nrleng.2012.10.010","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"1586_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.001","volume":"72","author":"T Ozben","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ozben T, Ozben S (2019) Neuro-inflammation and anti-inflammatory treatment options for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Clin Biochem 72:87\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2019.04.001","journal-title":"Clin Biochem"},{"issue":"18","key":"1586_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27185888","volume":"27","author":"K Prokai-Tatrai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Prokai-Tatrai K, Afzal M, Alzarea SI, Saad Alharbi K, Alzarea AI, Khulaif Alenezi S, Salem Alshammari M, Alquraini AH, Kazmi I (2022) Rosiridin attenuates Scopolamine-Induced cognitive impairments in rats via Inhibition of oxidative and nitrative stress leaded Caspase-3\/9 and TNF-\u03b1 signaling pathways. Molecules 27(18):5888. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27185888","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1586_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.029","volume":"287","author":"V Puri","year":"2015","unstructured":"Puri V, Wang X, Vardigan JD, Kuduk SD, Uslaner JM (2015) The selective positive allosteric M1 muscarinic receptor modulator PQCA attenuates learning and memory deficits in the Tg2576 Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. Behav Brain Res 287:96\u201399. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2015.03.029","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"1586_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","volume":"22","author":"S Reagan-Shaw","year":"2007","unstructured":"Reagan-Shaw S, Nihal M, Ahmad N (2007) Dose translation from animal to human studies revisited. FASEB J 22:659\u2013661. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1096\/fj.07-9574LSF","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"1586_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k1315","volume":"361","author":"K Richardson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Richardson K, Fox C, Maidment I, Steel N, Loke YK, Arthur A, Myint PK, Grossi CM, Mattishent K, Bennett K, Campbell NL, Boustani M, Robinson L, Brayne C, Matthews FE, Savva GM (2018) Anticholinergic drugs and risk of dementia: Case-control study. BMJ 361:1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.k1315","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-1047(88)90938-7","volume":"50","author":"DK Rush","year":"1988","unstructured":"Rush DK (1988) Scopolamine amnesia of passive avoidance: A deficit of information acquisition. Behav Neural Biol 50(3):255\u2013274. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0163-1047(88)90938-7","journal-title":"Behav Neural Biol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1586_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1111\/fcp.12319","volume":"32","author":"LRL Sampaio","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sampaio LRL, Borges LTN, Silva JMF, de Andrade FRO, Barbosa TM, Oliveira TQ, Macedo D, Lima RF, Dantas LP, Patrocinio MCA, do Vale OC, Vasconcelos SMM (2018) Average spectral power changes at the hippocampal electroencephalogram in schizophrenia model induced by ketamine. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 32(1):60\u201368. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/fcp.12319","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1586_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1007\/s00210-013-0867-y","volume":"386","author":"MCC Silva","year":"2013","unstructured":"Silva MCC, de Sousa CNS, Sampaio LRL, Ximenes NC, Ara\u00fajo PVP, da Silva JC, de Oliveira SL, Sousa FCF, Mac\u00eado DS, Vasconcelos SMM (2013) Augmentation therapy with alpha-lipoic acid and desvenlafaxine: a future target for treatment of depression? Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 386(8):685\u2013695. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00210-013-0867-y","journal-title":"Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol"},{"key":"1586_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101503","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101503","volume":"72","author":"T Song","year":"2021","unstructured":"Song T, Song X, Zhu C, Patrick R, Skurla M, Santangelo I, Green M, Harper D, Ren B, Forester BP, \u00d6ng\u00fcr D, Du F (2021) Mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and metabolic alterations in the progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a meta-analysis of in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies. Ageing Res Rev 72:101503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arr.2021.101503","journal-title":"Ageing Res Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.3.825","volume":"72","author":"BM Spruijt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Spruijt BM, van Hooff JARAM, Gispen WH (1992) Ethology and neurobiology of grooming behavior. Physiol Rev 72(3):825\u2013852. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.1992.72.3.825","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"issue":"12","key":"1586_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2540","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-008-9593-0","volume":"33","author":"R Sultana","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sultana R, Piroddi M, Galli F, Butterfield DA (2008) Protein levels and activity of some antioxidant enzymes in hippocampus of subjects with amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neurochem Res 33(12):2540\u20132546. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11064-008-9593-0","journal-title":"Neurochem Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1709","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90275-P","volume":"189","author":"YJ Suzuki","year":"1992","unstructured":"Suzuki YJ, Aggarwal BB, Packer L (1992) Alpha-lipoic acid is a potent inhibitor of NF-\u03baB activation in human T cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 189(3):1709\u20131715. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-291X(92)90275-P","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"key":"1586_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"West EG, Mcdermott C, Chess-Williams R, Sellers DJ (2022) mirabegron and Solifenacin are effective for the management of the increased urinary frequency induced by psychological stress in female mice. Sci Rep 12:12365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-022-16487-7","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-16487-7"},{"issue":"9","key":"1586_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00006.2019","volume":"51","author":"P Xu","year":"2019","unstructured":"Xu P, Chen A, Li Y, Xing X, Lu H (2019) Medial prefrontal cortex in neurological diseases. Physiol Genomics 51(9):432\u2013442. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00006.2019","journal-title":"Physiol Genomics"},{"issue":"11","key":"1586_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e021889","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021889","volume":"8","author":"G Yeowell","year":"2018","unstructured":"Yeowell G, Smith P, Nazir J, Hakimi Z, Siddiqui E, Fatoye F (2018) Real-world persistence and adherence to oral antimuscarinics and mirabegron in patients with overactive bladder (OAB): a systematic literature review. BMJ Open 8(11):e021889. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-021889","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"2","key":"1586_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"fcaa058","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa058","volume":"2","author":"JH Yi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yi JH, Whitcomb DJ, Park SJ, Martinez-Perez C, Barbati SA, Mitchell SJ, Cho K (2020) M1 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor dysfunction in moderate Alzheimer\u2019s disease pathology. Brain Commun 2(2):fcaa058. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/braincomms\/fcaa058","journal-title":"Brain Commun"},{"issue":"3","key":"1586_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02205-4","volume":"312","author":"L Zhang","year":"2001","unstructured":"Zhang L, Xing Gqaing, Barker JL, Chang Y, Maric D, Ma W, Li B, sheng, Rubinow DR (2001) \u03b1-lipoic acid protects rat cortical neurons against cell death induced by amyloid and hydrogen peroxide through the Akt signalling pathway. Neurosci Lett 312(3):125\u2013128. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S0304-3940(01)02205-4","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett"},{"issue":"4","key":"1586_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2012-120151","volume":"31","author":"R Zhang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Zhang R, Xue G, Wang S, Zhang L, Shi C, Xie X (2012) Novel object recognition as a facile behavior test for evaluating drug effects in A\u03b2PP\/PS1 Alzheimer\u2019s disease mouse model. J Alzheimers Dis 31(4):801\u2013812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2012-120151","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1586_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Zhao Rran, Xu F, Xu X, chen, Tan G jun, Liu L min, Wu N, Zhang Wzhong, Liu Jxiang (2015) Effects of alpha-lipoic acid on spatial learning and memory, oxidative stress, and central cholinergic system in a rat model of vascular dementia. Neurosci Lett 587:113\u2013119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.037","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2014.12.037"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,25]],"date-time":"2025-04-25T08:18:40Z","timestamp":1745569120000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"references-count":69,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["1586"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01586-x","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"type":"electronic","value":"1573-7365"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,28]]},"assertion":[{"value":"10 February 2023","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 March 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 March 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in this article.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}},{"value":"Experiments were performed in accordance with the National Institutes of Health Guide to the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee on Animal Use (protocol number 9864280219) of the Federal University of Cear\u00e1.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":5,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent to publish"}}],"article-number":"165"}}