{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,25]],"date-time":"2026-02-25T23:08:01Z","timestamp":1772060881256,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":135,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T03:24:34Z","timestamp":1750908274000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Association between traumatic brain injury and risk of developing infections in the central nervous system and periphery"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5091-4618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Cristiano Julio","family":"Faller","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0003-4077-0552","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Amanda C.","family":"S. Kursancew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-2353-8130","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Beatriz Brand\u00e3o","family":"Lima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-3666-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole Golombieski","family":"Duarte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6376-3853","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J\u00falia Torcelli","family":"Noetzold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3793-3272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natalli","family":"Studnicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0067-3227","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Khiany","family":"Mathias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3240-2808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabricia","family":"Petronilho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2859-4678","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emilio Luiz","family":"Streck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0571-6764","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaqueline S.","family":"Generoso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.32587\/jnic.2022.00514","volume":"5","author":"E Abdulla","year":"2022","unstructured":"Abdulla E, Janjua T, Agrawal A, Moscote-Salazar LR, Contreras-Arrieta MA, Cortecero-Sabalza EJ, Ch\u00e1vez WEC (2022) Neurogenically originated inflammatory response syndrome: role in the neurocritical patient. J Neurointensive Care 5(2):39\u201343. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.32587\/jnic.2022.00514","journal-title":"J Neurointensive Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.55782\/ane-2022-013","volume":"82","author":"M Aleem","year":"2022","unstructured":"Aleem M, Goswami N, Manda K (2022) Serum biomarkers based neurotrauma severity scale: a study in the mice model of fluid percussion injury. Acta Neurobiol Exp 82(2):147\u2013156. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.55782\/ane-2022-013","journal-title":"Acta Neurobiol Exp"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1007\/s00113-003-0592-y","volume":"106","author":"J Andermahr","year":"2003","unstructured":"Andermahr J, Hensler T, Sauerland S, Greb A, Helling HJ, Prokop A, Neugebauer EA, Rehm KE (2003) [Risk factors for the development of pneumonia in multiple injured patients. Results of a prospective clinical trial]. Der Unfallchirurg 106(5):392\u2013397. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00113-003-0592-y","journal-title":"Der Unfallchirurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1017\/cjn.2019.320","volume":"47","author":"D Anderson","year":"2020","unstructured":"Anderson D, Kutsogiannis DJ, Sligl WI (2020) Sepsis in traumatic brain injury: epidemiology and outcomes. Can J Neurol Sci Le J Canadien Des Sci Neurologiques 47(2):197\u2013201. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/cjn.2019.320","journal-title":"Can J Neurol Sci Le J Canadien Des Sci Neurologiques"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1071\/ah15062","volume":"40","author":"N Andraweera","year":"2016","unstructured":"Andraweera N, Seemann R (2016) Acute rehospitalisation during the first 3 months of in-patient rehabilitation for traumatic brain injury. Australian Health Review: Publication Australian Hosp Association 40(1):114\u2013117. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1071\/ah15062","journal-title":"Australian Health Review: Publication Australian Hosp Association"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8949","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-65972-4","volume":"10","author":"M Angoa-P\u00e9rez","year":"2020","unstructured":"Angoa-P\u00e9rez M, Zagorac B, Anneken JH, Briggs DI, Winters AD, Greenberg JM, Ahmad M, Theis KR, Kuhn DM (2020) Repetitive, mild traumatic brain injury results in a progressive white matter pathology, cognitive deterioration, and a transient gut microbiota dysbiosis. Sci Rep 10(1):8949. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-65972-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"14","key":"1658_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2762","volume":"315","author":"DC Angus","year":"2016","unstructured":"Angus DC, Opal S (2016) Immunosuppression and secondary infection in sepsis: part, not all, of the story. JAMA 315(14):1457\u20131459. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.2762","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jlb.3mir1118-443r","volume":"106","author":"M Aziz","year":"2019","unstructured":"Aziz M, Brenner M, Wang P (2019) Extracellular CIRP (eCIRP) and inflammation. J Leukoc Biol 106(1):133\u2013146. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jlb.3mir1118-443r","journal-title":"J Leukoc Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0000000000000397","volume":"44","author":"VC Bhagirath","year":"2015","unstructured":"Bhagirath VC, Dwivedi DJ, Liaw PC (2015) Comparison of the Proinflammatory and procoagulant properties of nuclear, mitochondrial, and bacterial DNA. Shock 44(3):265\u2013271. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/shk.0000000000000397","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"10","key":"1658_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.it.2009.07.009","volume":"30","author":"SK Biswas","year":"2009","unstructured":"Biswas SK, Lopez-Collazo E (2009) Endotoxin tolerance: new mechanisms, molecules and clinical significance. Trends Immunol 30(10):475\u2013487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.it.2009.07.009","journal-title":"Trends Immunol"},{"key":"1658_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Bone RC, Balk RA, Cerra FB, Dellinger RP, Fein AM, Knaus WA, Schein RM, Sibbald WJ (1992) Definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. The ACCP\/SCCM Consensus Conference Committee. American College of Chest Physicians\/Society of Critical Care Medicine. Chest 101 (6):1644\u20131655. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.101.6.1644"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-020-05002-3","volume":"42","author":"S Bourgeois-Tardif","year":"2021","unstructured":"Bourgeois-Tardif S, De Beaumont L, Rivera JC, Chemtob S, Weil AG (2021) Role of innate inflammation in traumatic brain injury. Neurol Sciences: Official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol 42(4):1287\u20131299. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10072-020-05002-3","journal-title":"Neurol Sciences: Official J Italian Neurol Soc Italian Soc Clin Neurophysiol"},{"key":"1658_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1077371","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1077371","volume":"10","author":"E Caceres","year":"2023","unstructured":"Caceres E, Olivella JC, Yanez M, Vi\u00f1an E, Estupi\u00f1an L, Boada N, Martin-Loeches I, Reyes LF (2023) Risk factors and outcomes of lower respiratory tract infections after traumatic brain injury: a retrospective observational study. Front Med 10:1077371. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fmed.2023.1077371","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964-022-00862-y","volume":"20","author":"L Cai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Cai L, Gong Q, Qi L, Xu T, Suo Q, Li X, Wang W, Jing Y, Yang D, Xu Z, Yuan F, Tang Y, Yang G, Ding J, Chen H, Tian H (2022) ACT001 attenuates microglia-mediated neuroinflammation after traumatic brain injury via inhibiting AKT\/NF\u03baB\/NLRP3 pathway. Cell Communication Signaling: CCS 20(1):56. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12964-022-00862-y","journal-title":"Cell Communication Signaling: CCS"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"465","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-023-01766-7","volume":"9","author":"M Cao","year":"2023","unstructured":"Cao M, Wang G, Xie J (2023) Immune dysregulation in sepsis: experiences, lessons and perspectives. Cell Death Discovery 9(1):465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41420-023-01766-7","journal-title":"Cell Death Discovery"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.5935\/0103-507x.20140022","volume":"26","author":"LC Cardozo J\u00fanior","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cardozo J\u00fanior LC, Silva RR (2014) Sepsis in intensive care unit patients with traumatic brain injury: factors associated with higher mortality. Revista Brasileira De Terapia Intensiva 26(2):148\u2013154. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5935\/0103-507x.20140022","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Terapia Intensiva"},{"key":"1658_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Cash A, Theus MH (2020) Mechanisms of Blood-Brain barrier dysfunction in traumatic brain injury. Int J Mol Sci 21(9). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21093344","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21093344"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5055","volume":"10","author":"JM Cavaillon","year":"2006","unstructured":"Cavaillon JM, Adib-Conquy M (2006) Bench-to-bedside review: endotoxin tolerance as a model of leukocyte reprogramming in sepsis. Crit Care 10(5):233. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc5055","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"1658_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-2094-11-132","volume":"11","author":"J Cazareth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Cazareth J, Guyon A, Heurteaux C, Chabry J, Petit-Paitel A (2014) Molecular and cellular neuroinflammatory status of mouse brain after systemic lipopolysaccharide challenge: importance of CCR2\/CCL2 signaling. J Neuroinflammation 11:132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1742-2094-11-132","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2021.01193","volume":"37","author":"AA Chac\u00f3n-Aponte","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chac\u00f3n-Aponte AA, Dur\u00e1n-Vargas \u00c9A, Ar\u00e9valo-Carrillo JA, Lozada-Mart\u00ednez ID, Bola\u00f1o-Romero MP, Moscote-Salazar LR, Grille P, Janjua T (2022) Brain-lung interaction: a vicious cycle in traumatic brain injury. Acute Crit Care 37(1):35\u201344. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4266\/acc.2021.01193","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"1658_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Chaudhry SR, Hafez A, Rezai Jahromi B, Kinfe TM, Lamprecht A, Niemel\u00e4 M, Muhammad S (2018) Role of damage associated molecular pattern molecules (DAMPs) in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH). Int J Mol Sci 19(7). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19072035","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19072035"},{"key":"1658_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034916","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1034916","volume":"13","author":"L Chen","year":"2022","unstructured":"Chen L, Xia S, Zuo Y, Lin Y, Qiu X, Chen Q, Feng T, Xia X, Shao Q, Wang S (2022) Systemic immune inflammation index and peripheral blood carbon dioxide concentration at admission predict poor prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury. Front Immunol 13:1034916. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1034916","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"1658_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/epi4.12957","author":"Z Chen","year":"2024","unstructured":"Chen Z, Laing J, Li J, O\u2019Brien TJ, Gabbe BJ, Semple BD (2024) Hospital-acquired infections as a risk factor for post-traumatic epilepsy: A registry-based cohort study. Epilepsia Open. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/epi4.12957","journal-title":"Epilepsia Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6090","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-42147-4","volume":"9","author":"F Civiletti","year":"2019","unstructured":"Civiletti F, Assenzio B, Mazzeo AT, Medica D, Giaretta F, Deambrosis I, Fanelli V, Ranieri VM, Cantaluppi V, Mascia L (2019) Acute tubular injury is associated with severe traumatic brain injury: in vitro study on human tubular epithelial cells. Sci Rep 9(1):6090. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-019-42147-4","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1658_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.03.043","volume":"100","author":"A Clark","year":"2022","unstructured":"Clark A, Zelmanovich R, Vo Q, Martinez M, Nwafor DC, Lucke-Wold B (2022) Inflammation and the role of infection: complications and treatment options following neurotrauma. J Clin Neurosci 100:23\u201332. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jocn.2022.03.043","journal-title":"J Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/s40719-017-0094-y","volume":"3","author":"F Coccolini","year":"2017","unstructured":"Coccolini F, Rausa E, Montori G, Fugazzola P, Ceresoli M, Sartelli M, Catena F, Ansaloni L (2017) Risk factors for infections in trauma patients. Curr Trauma Rep 3(4):285\u2013291. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40719-017-0094-y","journal-title":"Curr Trauma Rep"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.11361","volume":"107","author":"E Cole","year":"2020","unstructured":"Cole E, Gillespie S, Vulliamy P, Brohi K (2020) Multiple organ dysfunction after trauma. Br J Surg 107(4):402\u2013412. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/bjs.11361","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"1658_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2536","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02536","volume":"10","author":"NL Denning","year":"2019","unstructured":"Denning NL, Aziz M, Gurien SD, Wang P (2019) DAMPs and NETs in Sepsis. Front Immunol 10:2536. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2019.02536","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2002.96.1.0103","volume":"96","author":"MN Diringer","year":"2002","unstructured":"Diringer MN, Videen TO, Yundt K, Zazulia AR, Aiyagari V, Dacey RG Jr., Grubb RL, Powers WJ (2002) Regional cerebrovascular and metabolic effects of hyperventilation after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg 96(1):103\u2013108. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2002.96.1.0103","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1658_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1197","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2202","volume":"3","author":"O Dmytriyeva","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dmytriyeva O, Pankratova S, Owczarek S, Sonn K, Soroka V, Ridley CM, Marsolais A, Lopez-Hoyos M, Ambartsumian N, Lukanidin E, Bock E, Berezin V, Kiryushko D (2012) The metastasis-promoting S100A4 protein confers neuroprotection in brain injury. Nat Commun 3:1197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/ncomms2202","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-016-0663-y","volume":"13","author":"T Dong","year":"2016","unstructured":"Dong T, Zhi L, Bhayana B, Wu MX (2016) Cortisol-induced immune suppression by a Blockade of lymphocyte egress in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 13(1):197. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-016-0663-y","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1531-z","volume":"131","author":"KS Doran","year":"2016","unstructured":"Doran KS, Fulde M, Gratz N, Kim BJ, Nau R, Prasadarao N, Schubert-Unkmeir A, Tuomanen EI, Valentin-Weigand P (2016) Host-pathogen interactions in bacterial meningitis. Acta Neuropathol 131(2):185\u2013209. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-015-1531-z","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1186\/cc2828","volume":"8","author":"T Dziedzic","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dziedzic T, Slowik A, Szczudlik A (2004) Nosocomial infections and immunity: lesson from brain-injured patients. Crit Care 8(4):266\u2013270. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/cc2828","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-013-9870-x","volume":"19","author":"BL Edlow","year":"2013","unstructured":"Edlow BL, Giacino JT, Hirschberg RE, Gerrard J, Wu O, Hochberg LR (2013) Unexpected recovery of function after severe traumatic brain injury: the limits of early neuroimaging-based outcome prediction. Neurocrit Care 19(3):364\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-013-9870-x","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.3109\/02688699008992759","volume":"4","author":"MS Eljamel","year":"1990","unstructured":"Eljamel MS, Foy PM (1990) Acute traumatic CSF fistulae: the risk of intracranial infection. Br J Neurosurg 4(5):381\u2013385. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/02688699008992759","journal-title":"Br J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.117.014647","volume":"70","author":"MA Erickson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Erickson MA, Banks WA (2018) Neuroimmune axes of the Blood-Brain barriers and Blood-Brain interfaces: bases for physiological regulation, disease states, and Pharmacological interventions. Pharmacol Rev 70(2):278\u2013314. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1124\/pr.117.014647","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2020.12.004","volume":"44","author":"AI Faden","year":"2021","unstructured":"Faden AI, Barrett JP, Stoica BA, Henry RJ (2021) Bidirectional Brain-Systemic interactions and outcomes after TBI. Trends Neurosci 44(5):406\u2013418. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.tins.2020.12.004","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"issue":"7","key":"1658_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.014","volume":"76","author":"AM Fenn","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fenn AM, Gensel JC, Huang Y, Popovich PG, Lifshitz J, Godbout JP (2014) Immune activation promotes depression 1 month after diffuse brain injury: a role for primed microglia. Biol Psychiatry 76(7):575\u2013584. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.biopsych.2013.10.014","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e95073","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0095073","volume":"9","author":"I Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fern\u00e1ndez-Ruiz I, Arnalich F, Cubillos-Zapata C, Hern\u00e1ndez-Jim\u00e9nez E, Moreno-Gonz\u00e1lez R, Toledano V, Fern\u00e1ndez-Velasco M, Vallejo-Cremades MT, Esteban-Burgos L, de Diego RP, Llamas-Matias MA, Garc\u00eda-Arumi E, Mart\u00ed R, Bosc\u00e1 L, Andreu AL, L\u00f3pez-Send\u00f3n JL, L\u00f3pez-Collazo E (2014) Mitochondrial damps induce endotoxin tolerance in human monocytes: an observation in patients with myocardial infarction. PLoS ONE 9(5):e95073. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0095073","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"Supplement","key":"1658_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S320","DOI":"10.4103\/0028-3886.332273","volume":"69","author":"K Garg","year":"2021","unstructured":"Garg K, Gupta D (2021) Post-Infective hydrocephalus. Neurol India 69(Supplement):S320\u2013s329. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/0028-3886.332273","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"issue":"7","key":"1658_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.41\/J","volume":"146","author":"LG Glance","year":"2011","unstructured":"Glance LG, Stone PW, Mukamel DB, Dick AW (2011a) Increases in mortality, length of stay, and cost associated with Hospital-Acquired infections in trauma patients. Arch Surg 146(7):794\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.2011.41\/J. Archives of Surgery","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"1658_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Glance LG, Stone PW, Mukamel DB, Dick AW (2011b) Increases in mortality, length of stay, and cost associated with hospital-acquired infections in trauma patients. Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill: 1960) 146 (7):794\u2013801. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/archsurg.2011.41","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.2011.41"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","volume":"20","author":"T Gong","year":"2020","unstructured":"Gong T, Liu L, Jiang W, Zhou R (2020) DAMP-sensing receptors in sterile inflammation and inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Immunol 20(2):95\u2013112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41577-019-0215-7","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"key":"1658_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Haddad M, Sheybani F, Olfati N, Azhdari Y (2022) Steroid-Responsive Post-Traumatic persistent neutrophilic meningitis. Case Rep Med 2022(7615939). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2022\/7615939","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/7615939"},{"key":"1658_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"235","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2015.00235","volume":"6","author":"J Hazeldine","year":"2015","unstructured":"Hazeldine J, Lord JM, Belli A (2015) Traumatic brain injury and peripheral immune suppression: primer and prospectus. Front Neurol 6:235. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2015.00235","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"7","key":"1658_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1002338","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002338","volume":"14","author":"J Hazeldine","year":"2017","unstructured":"Hazeldine J, Naumann DN, Toman E, Davies D, Bishop JRB, Su Z, Hampson P, Dinsdale RJ, Crombie N, Duggal NA, Harrison P, Belli A, Lord JM (2017) Prehospital immune responses and development of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome following traumatic injury: A prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 14(7):e1002338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pmed.1002338","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"1658_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-198811000-00009","volume":"28","author":"TS Helling","year":"1988","unstructured":"Helling TS, Evans LL, Fowler DL, Hays LV, Kennedy FR (1988) Infectious complications in patients with severe head injury. J Trauma 28(11):1575\u20131577. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-198811000-00009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcibr1004371","volume":"363","author":"RS Hotchkiss","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hotchkiss RS, Opal S (2010) Immunotherapy for sepsis\u2013a new approach against an ancient foe. N Engl J Med 363(1):87\u201389. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMcibr1004371","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-018-0064-8","volume":"19","author":"M Huber-Lang","year":"2018","unstructured":"Huber-Lang M, Lambris JD, Ward PA (2018) Innate immune responses to trauma. Nat Immunol 19(4):327\u2013341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41590-018-0064-8","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.23736\/s0390-5616.18.04532-0","volume":"62","author":"C Iaccarino","year":"2018","unstructured":"Iaccarino C, Carretta A, Nicolosi F, Morselli C (2018) Epidemiology of severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurosurg Sci 62(5):535\u2013541. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.23736\/s0390-5616.18.04532-0","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Sci"},{"key":"1658_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Ismail H, Shakkour Z, Tabet M, Abdelhady S, Kobaisi A, Abedi R, Nasrallah L, Pintus G, Al-Dhaheri Y, Mondello S, El-Khoury R, Eid AH, Kobeissy F, Salameh J (2020) Traumatic brain injury: oxidative stress and novel Anti-Oxidants such as mitoquinone and Edaravone. Antioxid (Basel Switzerland) 9(10). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/antiox9100943","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100943"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-017-0410-y","volume":"28","author":"T Jacome","year":"2018","unstructured":"Jacome T, Tatum D (2018) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) score independently predicts poor outcome in isolated traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 28(1):110\u2013116. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-017-0410-y","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s00068-019-01224-z","volume":"47","author":"Y Katayama","year":"2021","unstructured":"Katayama Y, Kitamura T, Kiyohara K, Sado J, Hirose T, Matsuyama T, Kiguchi T, Tachino J, Nakao S, Umemura Y, Nakagawa Y, Shimazu T (2021) Factors associated with posttraumatic meningitis among traumatic head injury patients: a nationwide study in Japan. Eur J Trauma Emerg Surgery: Official Publication Eur Trauma Soc 47(1):251\u2013259. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00068-019-01224-z","journal-title":"Eur J Trauma Emerg Surgery: Official Publication Eur Trauma Soc"},{"issue":"8","key":"1658_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x15666170613083606","volume":"16","author":"P Kaur","year":"2018","unstructured":"Kaur P, Sharma S (2018) Recent advances in pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury. Curr Neuropharmacol 16(8):1224\u20131238. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1570159x15666170613083606","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1007\/s00705-020-04891-1","volume":"166","author":"A Kohil","year":"2021","unstructured":"Kohil A, Jemmieh S, Smatti MK, Yassine HM (2021) Viral meningitis: an overview. Arch Virol 166(2):335\u2013345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00705-020-04891-1","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03625.x","volume":"18","author":"IS Kourbeti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kourbeti IS, Vakis AF, Papadakis JA, Karabetsos DA, Bertsias G, Filippou M, Ioannou A, Neophytou C, Anastasaki M, Samonis G (2012a) Infections in traumatic brain injury patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 18(4):359\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03625.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03625.x","volume":"18","author":"IS Kourbeti","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kourbeti IS, Vakis AF, Papadakis JA, Karabetsos DA, Bertsias G, Filippou M, Ioannou A, Neophytou C, Anastasaki M, Samonis G (2012b) Infections in traumatic brain injury patients. Clin Microbiol Infection: Official Publication Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 18(4):359\u2013364. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03625.x","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infection: Official Publication Eur Soc Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00013.2006","volume":"87","author":"G Kroemer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kroemer G, Galluzzi L, Brenner C (2007) Mitochondrial membrane permeabilization in cell death. Physiol Rev 87(1):99\u2013163. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physrev.00013.2006","journal-title":"Physiol Rev"},{"key":"1658_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"La Russa R, Maiese A, Di Fazio N, Morano A, Di Bonaventura C, De Matteis A, Fazio V, Frati P, Fineschi V (2020) Post-Traumatic meningitis is a diagnostic challenging time: A systematic review focusing on clinical and pathological features. Int J Mol Sci 21(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21114148","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21114148"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22581","volume":"62","author":"MD Laird","year":"2014","unstructured":"Laird MD, Shields JS, Sukumari-Ramesh S, Kimbler DE, Fessler RD, Shakir B, Youssef P, Yanasak N, Vender JR, Dhandapani KM (2014) High mobility group box protein-1 promotes cerebral edema after traumatic brain injury via activation of toll-like receptor 4. Glia 62(1):26\u201338. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22581","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40291-020-00460-z","volume":"24","author":"WG Land","year":"2020","unstructured":"Land WG (2020) Use of damps and samps as therapeutic targets or therapeutics: A note of caution. Mol Diagn Ther 24(3):251\u2013262. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s40291-020-00460-z","journal-title":"Mol Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02264-2","volume":"18","author":"P Lassar\u00e9n","year":"2021","unstructured":"Lassar\u00e9n P, Lindblad C, Frostell A, Carpenter KLH, Guilfoyle MR, Hutchinson PJA, Helmy A, Thelin EP (2021) Systemic inflammation alters the neuroinflammatory response: a prospective clinical trial in traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02264-2","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-024-04951-x","volume":"28","author":"A Lavinio","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lavinio A, Coles JP, Robba C, Aries M, Bouzat P, Chean D, Frisvold S, Galarza L, Helbok R, Hermanides J, van der Jagt M, Menon DK, Meyfroidt G, Payen JF, Poole D, Rasulo F, Rhodes J, Sidlow E, Steiner LA, Taccone FS, Takala R (2024) Targeted temperature control following traumatic brain injury: ESICM\/NACCS best practice consensus recommendations. Crit Care 28(1):170. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13054-024-04951-x","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9952","key":"1658_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60687-5","volume":"384","author":"JM Lord","year":"2014","unstructured":"Lord JM, Midwinter MJ, Chen YF, Belli A, Brohi K, Kovacs EJ, Koenderman L, Kubes P, Lilford RJ (2014) The systemic immune response to trauma: an overview of pathophysiology and treatment. Lancet 384(9952):1455\u20131465. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(14)60687-5","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.10.022","volume":"7","author":"AI Maas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maas AI, Roozenbeek B, Manley GT (2010) Clinical trials in traumatic brain injury: past experience and current developments. Neurotherapeutics 7(1):115\u2013126. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nurt.2009.10.022","journal-title":"Neurotherapeutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1186\/s12979-023-00369-1","volume":"20","author":"M Magatti","year":"2023","unstructured":"Magatti M, Pischiutta F, Ortolano F, Pasotti A, Caruso E, Cargnoni A, Papait A, Capuzzi F, Zoerle T, Carbonara M, Stocchetti N, Borsa S, Locatelli M, Erba E, Prati D, Silini AR, Zanier ER, Parolini O (2023) Systemic immune response in young and elderly patients after traumatic brain injury. Immun Ageing: I A 20(1):41. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12979-023-00369-1","journal-title":"Immun Ageing: I A"},{"key":"1658_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Magnusson BM, Koskinen LD (2023) Classification and characterization of traumatic brain injuries in the Northern region of Sweden. J Clin Med 13(1). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/jcm13010008","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13010008"},{"key":"1658_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995925","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2022.995925","volume":"13","author":"B Mao","year":"2022","unstructured":"Mao B, Feng L, Lin D, Shen Y, Ma J, Lu Y, Zhang R, Wang M, Wan S (2022) The predictive role of systemic inflammation response index in the prognosis of traumatic brain injury: A propensity score matching study. Front Neurol 13:995925. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2022.995925","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1658_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Marks W, Go\u0142\u0105bek-Dropiewska K, Bryl E, Dudek R, Wieruszewski J, Stasiak M, Witkowski Z, Lasek J, Paw\u0142owska J, J\u00f3\u017awik A (2013) Immunomonitoring in patients with early moderate and severe head trauma. 38(4):494\u2013499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5114\/ceji.2013.39767","DOI":"10.5114\/ceji.2013.39767"},{"issue":"8","key":"1658_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.10.007","volume":"52","author":"F Mas-Celis","year":"2021","unstructured":"Mas-Celis F, Olea-L\u00f3pez J, Parroquin-Maldonado JA (2021) Sepsis in trauma: A deadly complication. Arch Med Res 52(8):808\u2013816. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.arcmed.2021.10.007","journal-title":"Arch Med Res"},{"key":"1658_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Matharu D, Dhotre D, Balasubramanian N, Pawar N, Sagarkar S, Sakharkar A (2019) Repeated mild traumatic brain injury affects microbial diversity in rat jejunum. J Biosci 44(5):120.","DOI":"10.1007\/s12038-019-9940-0"},{"issue":"8","key":"1658_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"982","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2043","volume":"78","author":"MA McCrea","year":"2021","unstructured":"McCrea MA, Giacino JT, Barber J, Temkin NR, Nelson LD, Levin HS, Dikmen S, Stein M, Bodien YG, Boase K, Taylor SR, Vassar M, Mukherjee P, Robertson C, Diaz-Arrastia R, Okonkwo DO, Markowitz AJ, Manley GT, Adeoye O, Badjatia N, Bullock MR, Chesnut R, Corrigan JD, Crawford K, Duhaime AC, Ellenbogen R, Feeser VR, Ferguson AR, Foreman B, Gardner R, Gaudette E, Goldman D, Gonzalez L, Gopinath S, Gullapalli R, Hemphill JC, Hotz G, Jain S, Keene CD, Korley FK, Kramer J, Kreitzer N, Lindsell C, Machamer J, Madden C, Martin A, McAllister T, Merchant R, Ngwenya LB, Noel F, Nolan A, Palacios E, Perl D, Puccio A, Rabinowitz M, Rosand J, Sander A, Satris G, Schnyer D, Seabury S, Sherer M, Toga A, Valadka A, Wang K, Yue JK, Yuh E, Zafonte R (2021) Functional outcomes over the first year after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury in the prospective, longitudinal TRACK-TBI study. JAMA Neurol 78(8):982\u2013992. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jamaneurol.2021.2043","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"1658_CR73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00556","volume":"7","author":"CA McKee","year":"2016","unstructured":"McKee CA, Lukens JR (2016) Emerging roles for the immune system in traumatic brain injury. Front Immunol 7:556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2016.00556","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1658_CR74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn1765","volume":"6","author":"C Meisel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meisel C, Schwab JM, Prass K, Meisel A, Dirnagl U (2005) Central nervous system injury-induced immune deficiency syndrome. Nat Rev Neurosci 6(10):775\u2013786. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn1765","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1658_CR75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.024","volume":"222","author":"M Meng","year":"2022","unstructured":"Meng M, Huo R, Wang Y, Ma N, Shi X, Shen X, Chang G (2022) Lentinan inhibits oxidative stress and alleviates LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of BMECs by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway. Int J Biol Macromol 222:2375\u20132391. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2022.10.024","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00072.2015","volume":"48","author":"JC Mira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Mira JC, Szpila BE, Nacionales DC, Lopez MC, Gentile LF, Mathias BJ, Vanzant EL, Ungaro R, Holden D, Rosenthal MD, Rincon J, Verdugo PT, Larson SD, Moore FA, Brakenridge SC, Mohr AM, Baker HV, Moldawer LL, Efron PA (2016) Patterns of gene expression among murine models of hemorrhagic shock\/trauma and sepsis. Physiol Genom 48(2):135\u2013144. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1152\/physiolgenomics.00072.2015","journal-title":"Physiol Genom"},{"issue":"12","key":"1658_CR77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1193","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302644","volume":"83","author":"KG Moen","year":"2012","unstructured":"Moen KG, Skandsen T, Folvik M, Brezova V, Kvistad KA, Rydland J, Manley GT, Vik A (2012) A longitudinal MRI study of traumatic axonal injury in patients with moderate and severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 83(12):1193\u20131200. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/jnnp-2012-302644","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"1658_CR78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"258185","DOI":"10.1155\/2011\/258185","volume":"2011","author":"KL Mohawk","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mohawk KL, O\u2019Brien AD (2011) Mouse models of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection and Shiga toxin injection. J Biomed Biotechnol 2011:258185. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2011\/258185","journal-title":"J Biomed Biotechnol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1128\/cmr.00008-11","volume":"24","author":"BB Mook-Kanamori","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mook-Kanamori BB, Geldhoff M, van der Poll T, van de Beek D (2011) Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of Pneumococcal meningitis. Clin Microbiol Rev 24(3):557\u2013591. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/cmr.00008-11","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"9","key":"1658_CR80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1060","DOI":"10.3109\/0886022x.2010.510234","volume":"32","author":"EM Moore","year":"2010","unstructured":"Moore EM, Bellomo R, Nichol A, Harley N, Macisaac C, Cooper DJ (2010) The incidence of acute kidney injury in patients with traumatic brain injury. Ren Fail 32(9):1060\u20131065. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3109\/0886022x.2010.510234","journal-title":"Ren Fail"},{"key":"1658_CR81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Morrison TE, Diamond MS (2017) Animal models of Zika virus infection, pathogenesis, and immunity. J Virol 91(8). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/jvi.00009-17","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.00009-17"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1007\/s12028-023-01902-2","volume":"40","author":"S Muehlschlegel","year":"2024","unstructured":"Muehlschlegel S, Rajajee V, Wartenberg KE, Alexander SA, Busl KM, Creutzfeldt CJ, Fontaine GV, Hocker SE, Hwang DY, Kim KS, Madzar D, Mahanes D, Mainali S, Meixensberger J, Sakowitz OW, Varelas PN, Weimar C, Westermaier T (2024) Guidelines for neuroprognostication in critically ill adults with Moderate-Severe traumatic brain injury. Neurocrit Care 40(2):448\u2013476. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s12028-023-01902-2","journal-title":"Neurocrit Care"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"1658_CR83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1007\/s10495-021-01663-3","volume":"26","author":"A Murao","year":"2021","unstructured":"Murao A, Aziz M, Wang H, Brenner M, Wang P (2021) Release mechanisms of major damps. Apoptosis: Int J Program Cell Death 26(3\u20134):152\u2013162. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10495-021-01663-3","journal-title":"Apoptosis: Int J Program Cell Death"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.09.012","volume":"32","author":"JH Nakao","year":"2014","unstructured":"Nakao JH, Jafri FN, Shah K, Newman DH (2014) Jolt Accentuation of headache and other clinical signs: poor predictors of meningitis in adults. Am J Emerg Med 32(1):24\u201328. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajem.2013.09.012","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1097\/00005373-200010000-00011","volume":"49","author":"LM Napolitano","year":"2000","unstructured":"Napolitano LM, Ferrer T, McCarter RJ Jr., Scalea TM (2000) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score at admission independently predicts mortality and length of stay in trauma patients. J Trauma 49(4):647\u2013652 discussion 652\u2013\u2009643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/00005373-200010000-00011","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2009267","volume":"18","author":"EG NeSmith","year":"2009","unstructured":"NeSmith EG, Weinrich SP, Andrews JO, Medeiros RS, Hawkins ML, Weinrich M (2009) Systemic inflammatory response syndrome score and race as predictors of length of stay in the intensive care unit. American journal of critical care: an official publication. Am Association Critical-Care Nurses 18(4):339\u2013346 quiz 347. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4037\/ajcc2009267","journal-title":"Am Association Critical-Care Nurses"},{"key":"1658_CR87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"528","DOI":"10.3389\/fncel.2019.00528","volume":"13","author":"SY Ng","year":"2019","unstructured":"Ng SY, Lee AYW (2019) Traumatic brain injuries: pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets. Front Cell Neurosci 13:528. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fncel.2019.00528","journal-title":"Front Cell Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"240","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0000000000001211","volume":"52","author":"SE Nicholson","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nicholson SE, Watts LT, Burmeister DM, Merrill D, Scroggins S, Zou Y, Lai Z, Grandhi R, Lewis AM, Newton LM, Eastridge BJ, Schwacha MG (2019) Moderate traumatic brain injury alters the Gastrointestinal Microbiome in a Time-Dependent manner. Shock 52(2):240\u2013248. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/shk.0000000000001211","journal-title":"Shock"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.22930","volume":"64","author":"DM Norden","year":"2016","unstructured":"Norden DM, Trojanowski PJ, Villanueva E, Navarro E, Godbout JP (2016) Sequential activation of microglia and astrocyte cytokine expression precedes increased Iba-1 or GFAP immunoreactivity following systemic immune challenge. Glia 64(2):300\u2013316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.22930","journal-title":"Glia"},{"key":"1658_CR90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Nutma E, van Gent D, Amor S, Peferoen LAN (2020a) Astrocyte and oligodendrocyte cross-talk in the central nervous system. Cells 9(3). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells9030600","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030600"},{"key":"1658_CR91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Nutma E, van Gent D, Amor S, Peferoen LAN (2020b) Astrocyte and oligodendrocyte Cross-Talk in the central nervous system. Cells 9(3):600","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9030600"},{"key":"1658_CR92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117957351984065","DOI":"10.1177\/1179573519840652","volume":"11","author":"DC Nwafor","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nwafor DC, Brichacek AL, Mohammad AS, Griffith J, Lucke-Wold BP, Benkovic SA, Geldenhuys WJ, Lockman PR, Brown CM (2019) Targeting the Blood-Brain barrier to prevent Sepsis-Associated cognitive impairment. J Cent Nerv Syst Disease 11:1179573519840652. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/1179573519840652","journal-title":"J Cent Nerv Syst Disease"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"812","DOI":"10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0812","volume":"103","author":"M Oertel","year":"2005","unstructured":"Oertel M, Boscardin WJ, Obrist WD, Glenn TC, McArthur DL, Gravori T, Lee JH, Martin NA (2005) Posttraumatic vasospasm: the epidemiology, severity, and time course of an underestimated phenomenon: a prospective study performed in 299 patients. J Neurosurg 103(5):812\u2013824. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/jns.2005.103.5.0812","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2010.09.002","volume":"40","author":"L Oud","year":"2011","unstructured":"Oud L (2011) Community-acquired meningitis due to Staphylococcus capitis in the absence of neurologic trauma, surgery, or implants. Heart Lung: J Crit Care 40(5):467\u2013471. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2010.09.002","journal-title":"Heart Lung: J Crit Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1002\/glia.20278","volume":"53","author":"C Park","year":"2006","unstructured":"Park C, Lee S, Cho IH, Lee HK, Kim D, Choi SY, Oh SB, Park K, Kim JS, Lee SJ (2006) TLR3-mediated signal induces Proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine gene expression in astrocytes: differential signaling mechanisms of TLR3-induced IP-10 and IL-8 gene expression. Glia 53(3):248\u2013256. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/glia.20278","journal-title":"Glia"},{"issue":"6","key":"1658_CR96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821209a8","volume":"39","author":"P Pelosi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Pelosi P, Ferguson ND, Frutos-Vivar F, Anzueto A, Putensen C, Raymondos K, Apezteguia C, Desmery P, Hurtado J, Abroug F, Elizalde J, Tomicic V, Cakar N, Gonzalez M, Arabi Y, Moreno R, Esteban A (2011) Management and outcome of mechanically ventilated neurologic patients. Crit Care Med 39(6):1482\u20131492. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31821209a8","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1658_CR97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Physicians ACC (1992) American college of chest physicians\/society of critical care medicine consensus conference: definitions for sepsis and organ failure and guidelines for the use of innovative therapies in sepsis. 20(6):864\u2013874","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199206000-00025"},{"key":"1658_CR98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Popa LL, Chira D, Strilciuc \u0218, Mure\u0219anu DF (2023) Non-Invasive systems application in traumatic brain injury rehabilitation. Brain Sci 13(11). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/brainsci13111594","DOI":"10.3390\/brainsci13111594"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.26502\/acbr.50170279","volume":"6","author":"V Rai","year":"2022","unstructured":"Rai V, Mathews G, Agrawal DK (2022) Translational and clinical significance of damps, pamps, and PRRs in Trauma-induced inflammation. Archives Clin Biomedical Res 6(5):673\u2013685. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.26502\/acbr.50170279","journal-title":"Archives Clin Biomedical Res"},{"key":"1658_CR100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raju R (2017) Immune and metabolic alterations following trauma and sepsis - An overview. Biochimica et biophysica acta molecular basis of disease 1863(10 Pt B):2523\u20132525. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.008","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.008"},{"key":"1658_CR101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Raymond SL, Holden DC, Mira JC, Stortz JA, Loftus TJ, Mohr AM, Moldawer LL, Moore FA, Larson SD, Efron PA (2017) Microbial recognition and danger signals in sepsis and trauma. Biochimica et biophysica acta molecular basis of disease 1863(10 Pt. B):2564\u20132573. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.01.013","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.01.013"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182672ae5","volume":"71","author":"F Rincon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rincon F, Ghosh S, Dey S, Maltenfort M, Vibbert M, Urtecho J, McBride W, Moussouttas M, Bell R, Ratliff JK, Jallo J (2012) Impact of acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome after traumatic brain injury in the united States. Neurosurgery 71(4):795\u2013803. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1227\/NEU.0b013e3182672ae5","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"issue":"13","key":"1658_CR103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1419","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2017.5399","volume":"35","author":"RM Ritzel","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ritzel RM, Doran SJ, Barrett JP, Henry RJ, Ma EL, Faden AI, Loane DJ (2018) Chronic alterations in systemic immune function after traumatic brain injury. J Neurotrauma 35(13):1419\u20131436. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2017.5399","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"5","key":"1658_CR104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2469","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.01972-06","volume":"75","author":"AM Roche","year":"2007","unstructured":"Roche AM, King SJ, Weiser JN (2007) Live attenuated Streptococcus pneumoniae strains induce serotype-independent mucosal and systemic protection in mice. Infect Immun 75(5):2469\u20132475. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/iai.01972-06","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"7482","key":"1658_CR105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1038\/nature12808","volume":"505","author":"TL Roth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Roth TL, Nayak D, Atanasijevic T, Koretsky AP, Latour LL, McGavern DB (2014) Transcranial amelioration of inflammation and cell death after brain injury. Nature 505(7482):223\u2013228. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature12808","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1590\/S0103-507X2006000100003","volume":"18","author":"JA Sales J\u00fanior","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sales J\u00fanior JA, David CM, Hatum R, Souza PC, Japiass\u00fa A, Pinheiro CT, Friedman G, Silva OB, Dias MD, Koterba E, Dias FS, Piras C, Luiz RR (2006) [An epidemiological study of sepsis in intensive care units: Sepsis Brazil study]. Revista Brasileira De Terapia Intensiva 18(1):9\u201317","journal-title":"Revista Brasileira De Terapia Intensiva"},{"key":"1658_CR107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.034","volume":"79","author":"R Sharma","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sharma R, Shultz SR, Robinson MJ, Belli A, Hibbs ML, O\u2019Brien TJ, Semple BD (2019) Infections after a traumatic brain injury: the complex interplay between the immune and neurological systems. Brain Behav Immun 79:63\u201374. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbi.2019.04.034","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-021-02114-1","volume":"18","author":"R Sharma","year":"2021","unstructured":"Sharma R, Zamani A, Dill LK, Sun M, Chu E, Robinson MJ, O\u2019Brien TJ, Shultz SR, Semple BD (2021) A systemic immune challenge to model hospital-acquired infections independently regulates immune responses after pediatric traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 18(1):72. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12974-021-02114-1","journal-title":"J Neuroinflammation"},{"issue":"6","key":"1658_CR109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3125","DOI":"10.1007\/s10143-021-01511-7","volume":"44","author":"D Shepetovsky","year":"2021","unstructured":"Shepetovsky D, Mezzini G, Magrassi L (2021) Complications of cranioplasty in relationship to traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurosurg Rev 44(6):3125\u20133142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10143-021-01511-7","journal-title":"Neurosurg Rev"},{"issue":"4","key":"1658_CR110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2018.07.002","volume":"32","author":"EK Shuman","year":"2018","unstructured":"Shuman EK, Chenoweth CE (2018) Urinary Catheter-Associated infections. Infect Dis Clin N Am 32(4):885\u2013897. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2018.07.002","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin N Am"},{"issue":"8","key":"1658_CR111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","volume":"315","author":"M Singer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Singer M, Deutschman CS, Seymour CW, Shankar-Hari M, Annane D, Bauer M, Bellomo R, Bernard GR, Chiche JD, Coopersmith CM, Hotchkiss RS, Levy MM, Marshall JC, Martin GS, Opal SM, Rubenfeld GD, van der Poll T, Vincent JL, Angus DC (2016) The third international consensus definitions for Sepsis and septic shock (Sepsis-3). JAMA 315(8):801\u2013810. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_38_18","volume":"9","author":"J Sivanandapanicker","year":"2018","unstructured":"Sivanandapanicker J, Nagar M, Kutty R, Sunilkumar BS, Peethambaran A, Rajmohan BP, Asher P, Shinihas VP, Mohandas K, Jain S, Sharma S (2018) Analysis and clinical importance of skull base fractures in adult patients with traumatic brain injury. J Neurosciences Rural Pract 9(3):370\u2013375. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4103\/jnrp.jnrp_38_18","journal-title":"J Neurosciences Rural Pract"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3171\/2009.9.Jns09626","volume":"113","author":"T Skandsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Skandsen T, Kvistad KA, Solheim O, Strand IH, Folvik M, Vik A (2010) Prevalence and impact of diffuse axonal injury in patients with moderate and severe head injury: a cohort study of early magnetic resonance imaging findings and 1-year outcome. J Neurosurg 113(3):556\u2013563. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3171\/2009.9.Jns09626","journal-title":"J Neurosurg"},{"key":"1658_CR114","unstructured":"Sophie Su Y, Veeravagu A, Grant G (2016) Neuroplasticity after Traumatic Brain Injury. In: Laskowitz D, Grant G, editors. Translational research in traumatic brain injury. Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press\/Taylor and Francis Group. Chapter 8"},{"key":"1658_CR115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Steyerberg EW, Wiegers E, Sewalt C, Buki A, Citerio G, De Keyser V, Ercole A, Kunzmann K, Lanyon L, Lecky FJTLN (2019) Case-mix, care pathways, and outcomes in patients with traumatic brain injury in CENTER-TBI: a European prospective, multicentre, longitudinal, cohort study. Lancet Neurol18(10):923\u2013934","DOI":"10.1016\/S1474-4422(19)30232-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR116","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.2302\/kjm.48.28","volume":"48","author":"D Sun","year":"1999","unstructured":"Sun D, Aikawa N (1999) The natural history of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome and the evaluation of SIRS criteria as a predictor of severity in patients hospitalized through emergency services. Keio J Med 48(1):28\u201337. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2302\/kjm.48.28","journal-title":"Keio J Med"},{"key":"1658_CR117","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Taverna S, Tonacci A, Ferraro M, Cammarata G, Cuttitta G, Bucchieri S, Pace E, Gangemi S (2022) High mobility group box 1: biological functions and relevance in oxidative stress related chronic diseases. Cells 11(5). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells11050849","DOI":"10.3390\/cells11050849"},{"key":"1658_CR118","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00254","volume":"12","author":"K Tielking","year":"2019","unstructured":"Tielking K, Fischer S, Preissner KT, Vajkoczy P, Xu R (2019) Extracellular RNA in central nervous system pathologies. Front Mol Neurosci 12:254. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2019.00254","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1658_CR119","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Toliver-Kinsky T, Kobayashi M, Suzuki F, Sherwood ER (2018) 19 - The Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome. In:Herndon DN (ed) Total Burn Care (Fifth Edition). Elsevier, pp 205\u2013220.e204. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/B978-0-323-47661-4.00019-8","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-323-47661-4.00019-8"},{"issue":"6","key":"1658_CR120","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3804","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3804","volume":"176","author":"T Town","year":"2006","unstructured":"Town T, Jeng D, Alexopoulou L, Tan J, Flavell RA (2006) Microglia recognize double-stranded RNA via TLR3. J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950) 176(6):3804\u20133812. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.176.6.3804","journal-title":"J Immunol (Baltimore Md: 1950)"},{"key":"1658_CR121","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Valencic L, Sotosek Tokmadzic V, Kuharic J, Sustic A (2015) The incidence of nosocomial infections in patients with isolated severe traumatic brain injury. J Sanamed 2015 10(3):10%. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.24125\/sanamed.v10i3.38","DOI":"10.24125\/sanamed.v10i3.38"},{"issue":"10306","key":"1658_CR122","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00883-7","volume":"398","author":"D van de Beek","year":"2021","unstructured":"van de Beek D, Brouwer MC, Koedel U, Wall EC (2021) Community-acquired bacterial meningitis. Lancet 398(10306):1171\u20131183. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/s0140-6736(21)00883-7","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7","key":"1658_CR123","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"407","DOI":"10.1038\/nri.2017.36","volume":"17","author":"T van der Poll","year":"2017","unstructured":"van der Poll T, van de Veerdonk FL, Scicluna BP, Netea MG (2017) The immunopathology of sepsis and potential therapeutic targets. Nat Rev Immunol 17(7):407\u2013420. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nri.2017.36","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1658_CR124","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2008.0723","volume":"26","author":"L Venturi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Venturi L, Miranda M, Selmi V, Vitali L, Tani A, Margheri M, De Gaudio AR, Adembri C (2009) Systemic sepsis exacerbates mild post-traumatic brain injury in the rat. J Neurotrauma 26(9):1547\u20131556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2008.0723","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"3","key":"1658_CR125","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1601515\/J","volume":"198","author":"E Vergadi","year":"2017","unstructured":"Vergadi E, Ieronymaki E, Lyroni K, Vaporidi K, Tsatsanis C (2017) Akt signaling pathway in macrophage activation and M1\/M2 polarization. J Immunol 198(3):1006\u20131014. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4049\/jimmunol.1601515\/J. The Journal of Immunology","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"issue":"24","key":"1658_CR126","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.1089\/neu.2013.3060","volume":"30","author":"J-D Vermeij","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vermeij J-D, Aslami H, Fluiter K, Roelofs JJ, van den Bergh WM, Juffermans NP, Schultz MJ, Van der Sluijs K, van de Beek D, van Westerloo DJ (2013) Traumatic brain injury in rats induces lung injury and systemic immune suppression. J Neurotrauma 30(24):2073\u20132079. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1089\/neu.2013.3060","journal-title":"J Neurotrauma"},{"issue":"2","key":"1658_CR127","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/s00401-015-1481-5","volume":"131","author":"A Vezzani","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vezzani A, Fujinami RS, White HS, Preux PM, Bl\u00fcmcke I, Sander JW, L\u00f6scher W (2016) Infections, inflammation and epilepsy. Acta Neuropathol 131(2):211\u2013234. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00401-015-1481-5","journal-title":"Acta Neuropathol"},{"key":"1658_CR128","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2016.00178","volume":"7","author":"RC Vieira","year":"2016","unstructured":"Vieira RC, Paiva WS, de Oliveira DV, Teixeira MJ, de Andrade AF, de Sousa RM (2016) Diffuse axonal injury: epidemiology, outcome and associated risk factors. Front Neurol 7:178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fneur.2016.00178","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"key":"1658_CR129","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Wang Y, Andrade P, Pitk\u00e4nen A (2021) Peripheral infection after traumatic brain injury augments excitability in the perilesional cortex and dentate gyrus. Biomedicines 9(12). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/biomedicines9121946","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9121946"},{"issue":"10","key":"1658_CR130","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e714","DOI":"10.1002\/mco2.714","volume":"5","author":"R Wang","year":"2024","unstructured":"Wang R, Lan C, Benlagha K, Camara NOS, Miller H, Kubo M, Heegaard S, Lee P, Yang L, Forsman H, Li X, Zhai Z, Liu C (2024) The interaction of innate immune and adaptive immune system. MedComm 5(10):e714. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/mco2.714","journal-title":"MedComm"},{"key":"1658_CR131","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1575516","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575516","volume":"16","author":"Y Xu","year":"2025","unstructured":"Xu Y, Wang J, Yuan R, Qin Z, Long K, Gao P (2025) Targeting the immuno-inflammatory-microbial network: a key strategy for sepsis treatment. Front Immunol 16:1575516. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1575516","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"1658_CR132","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2092","DOI":"10.1097\/ccm.0000000000000486","volume":"42","author":"S Yang","year":"2014","unstructured":"Yang S, Stepien D, Hanseman D, Robinson B, Goodman MD, Pritts TA, Caldwell CC, Remick DG, Lentsch AB (2014) Substance P mediates reduced pneumonia rates after traumatic brain injury. Crit Care Med 42(9):2092\u20132100. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/ccm.0000000000000486","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR133","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1159\/000495465","volume":"26","author":"Y Yang","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yang Y, Ye Y, Chen C, Kong C, Su X, Zhang X, Bai W, He X (2019) Acute traumatic brain injury induces CD4\u2009+\u2009and CD8\u2009+\u2009T cell functional impairment by upregulating the expression of PD-1 via the activated sympathetic nervous system. Neuroimmunomodulation 26(1):43\u201357. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1159\/000495465","journal-title":"Neuroimmunomodulation"},{"key":"1658_CR134","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"791","DOI":"10.3389\/fnins.2020.00791","volume":"14","author":"Q Yang","year":"2020","unstructured":"Yang Q, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Luo Y, Shen Y, Shao A (2020) Will sirtuins be promising therapeutic targets for TBI and associated neurodegenerative diseases?? Front NeuroSci 14:791. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnins.2020.00791","journal-title":"Front NeuroSci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1658_CR135","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-022-01928-w","volume":"22","author":"X Zhang","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhang X, Zhou H, Shen H, Wang M (2022) Pulmonary infection in traumatic brain injury patients undergoing tracheostomy: predicators and nursing care. BMC Pulm Med 22(1):130. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12890-022-01928-w","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,6]],"date-time":"2025-09-06T22:48:33Z","timestamp":1757198913000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"references-count":135,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["1658"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01658-y","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"assertion":[{"value":"28 March 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 June 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"26 June 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"235"}}