{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T02:24:06Z","timestamp":1790216646404,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761523200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"funder":[{"name":"School fund from Zhejiang Pharmaceutical University","award":["X2022002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["X2022002"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","award":["82071499"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82071499"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]},{"name":"Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China","award":["LTGY24H090009"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LTGY24H090009"]}]},{"name":"Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo Municipality","award":["2023J045"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023J045"]}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T09:58:17Z","timestamp":1761559097000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Inhibition of ventral tegmental area projections to the paraventricular thalamus attenuates conditioned cues-induced heroin seeking behavior in rats"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Yiying","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenchang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dingding","family":"Zhuang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miaojun","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weisheng","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenhua","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5275-2106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Huaqiang","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"1737_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91633-r","volume":"523","author":"E Arenas","year":"1990","unstructured":"Arenas E, Alberch J, Sanchez Arroyos R, Marsal J (1990) Effect of opioids on acetylcholine release evoked by K\u2009+\u2009or glutamic acid from rat neostriatal slices. Brain Res 523:51\u201356. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/0006-8993(90)91633-r","journal-title":"Brain Res"},{"key":"1737_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"714","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.16-02-00714.1996","volume":"16","author":"CD Blaha","year":"1996","unstructured":"Blaha CD, Allen LF, Das S, Inglis WL, Latimer MP, Vincent SR, Winn P (1996) Modulation of dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens after cholinergic stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in intact, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-lesioned, and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus-lesioned rats. J Neurosci 16:714\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.16-02-00714.1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1038\/nn.2902","volume":"14","author":"ES Bromberg-Martin","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bromberg-Martin ES, Hikosaka O (2011) Lateral Habenula neurons signal errors in the prediction of reward information. Nat Neurosci 14:1209\u20131216. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nn.2902","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2477","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2011.136","volume":"36","author":"JM Brooks","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brooks JM, Sarter M, Bruno JP (2011) Transient inactivation of the neonatal ventral hippocampus permanently disrupts the mesolimbic regulation of prefrontal cholinergic transmission: implications for schizophrenia. Neuropsychopharmacology 36:2477\u20132487. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2011.136","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1737_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4945","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2480-18.2019","volume":"39","author":"EA Choi","year":"2019","unstructured":"Choi EA, Jean-Richard-Dit-Bressel P (2019) Paraventricular thalamus controls behavior during motivational conflict. J Neurosci 39:4945\u20134958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2480-18.2019","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5274","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","volume":"85","author":"G Di Chiara","year":"1988","unstructured":"Di Chiara G, Imperato A (1988) Drugs abused by humans preferentially increase synaptic dopamine concentrations in the mesolimbic system of freely moving rats. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:5274\u20135278. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.85.14.5274","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1737_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-021-01235-8","volume":"11","author":"HB Elam","year":"2021","unstructured":"Elam HB, Perez SM, Donegan JJ, Lodge DJ (2021) Orexin receptor antagonists reverse aberrant dopamine neuron activity and related behaviors in a rodent model of stress-induced psychosis. Transl Psychiatry 11:114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41398-021-01235-8","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry"},{"key":"1737_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037","volume":"329","author":"E Galaj","year":"2017","unstructured":"Galaj E, Nisanov R, Ranaldi R (2017) Blockade of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the ventral tegmental area blocks the acquisition of reward-related learning. Behav Brain Res 329:20\u201325. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bbr.2017.04.037","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res"},{"key":"1737_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8853","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.0988-20.2020","volume":"40","author":"E Galaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galaj E, Han X, Shen H, Jordan CJ, He Y, Humburg B, Bi GH, Xi ZX (2020) Dissecting the role of GABA neurons in the VTA versus SNr in opioid reward. J Neurosci 40:8853\u20138869. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.0988-20.2020","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8956","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1332-18.2018","volume":"38","author":"G Giannotti","year":"2018","unstructured":"Giannotti G, Barry SM, Siemsen BM, Peters J, McGinty JF (2018) Divergent prelimbic cortical pathways interact with BDNF to regulate cocaine-seeking. J Neurosci 38:8956\u20138966. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.1332-18.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109605","volume":"36","author":"G Giannotti","year":"2021","unstructured":"Giannotti G, Gong S, Fayette N, Heinsbroek JA, Orfila JE, Herson PS, Ford CP, Peters J (2021) Extinction blunts paraventricular thalamic contributions to heroin relapse. Cell Rep 36:109605. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.109605","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1737_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"652","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn3119","volume":"12","author":"RZ Goldstein","year":"2011","unstructured":"Goldstein RZ, Volkow ND (2011) Dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex in addiction: neuroimaging findings and clinical implications. Nat Rev Neurosci 12:652\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn3119","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Gompf HS, Budygin EA, Fuller PM, Bass CE (2015) Targeted genetic manipulations of neuronal subtypes using promoter-specific combinatorial AAVs in wild-type animals. Front Behav Neurosci 9. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00152","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2015.00152"},{"key":"1737_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn2866","volume":"11","author":"O Hikosaka","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hikosaka O (2010) The habenula: from stress evasion to value-based decision-making. Nat Rev Neurosci 11:503\u2013513. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn2866","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.028","volume":"107","author":"PC Keyes","year":"2020","unstructured":"Keyes PC, Adams EL, Chen Z, Bi L, Nachtrab G, Wang VJ, Tessier-Lavigne M, Zhu Y, Chen X (2020) Orchestrating Opiate-Associated memories in thalamic circuits. Neuron 107:1113\u20131123e1114. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2020.06.028","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1737_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7401","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0143-10.2010","volume":"30","author":"ZM Khaliq","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khaliq ZM, Bean BP (2010) Pacemaking in dopaminergic ventral tegmental area neurons: depolarizing drive from background and voltage-dependent sodium conductances. J Neurosci 30:7401\u20137413. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0143-10.2010","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.036","volume":"85","author":"S Lammel","year":"2015","unstructured":"Lammel S, Steinberg EE, Foldy C, Wall NR, Beier K, Luo L, Malenka RC (2015) Diversity of transgenic mouse models for selective targeting of midbrain dopamine neurons. Neuron 85:429\u2013438. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2014.12.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"issue":"7148","key":"1737_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05860","volume":"447","author":"M Matsumoto","year":"2007","unstructured":"Matsumoto M, Hikosaka O (2007) Lateral habenula as a source of negative reward signals in dopamine neurons. Nature 447(7148):1111\u20131115. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature05860","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1737_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.12280","volume":"22","author":"A Matzeu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Matzeu A, Cauvi G, Kerr TM, Weiss F, Martin-Fardon R (2017) The paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus is differentially recruited by stimuli conditioned to the availability of cocaine versus palatable food. Addict Biol 22:70\u201377. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.12280","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"1737_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Menegas W, Bergan JF, Ogawa SK, Isogai Y, Umadevi Venkataraju K, Osten P, Uchida N, M. W-U (2015) Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an anatomically distinct subclass. eLife 4. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.10032.001","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.10032.001"},{"key":"1737_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.028","volume":"413","author":"EJ Nunes","year":"2019","unstructured":"Nunes EJ, Bitner L, Hughley SM, Small KM, Walton SN, Rupprecht LE, Addy NA (2019) Cholinergic receptor Blockade in the VTA attenuates Cue-Induced Cocaine-Seeking and reverses the anxiogenic effects of forced abstinence. Neuroscience 413:252\u2013263. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2019.06.028","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1737_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2008.148","volume":"16","author":"MS Oh","year":"2008","unstructured":"Oh MS, Hong SJ, Huh Y, Kim KS (2008) Expression of transgenes in midbrain dopamine neurons using the tyrosine hydroxylase promoter. Gene Ther 16:437\u2013440. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/gt.2008.148","journal-title":"Gene Ther"},{"key":"1737_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1038\/nature21376","volume":"543","author":"JM Otis","year":"2017","unstructured":"Otis JM, Namboodiri VM, Matan AM, Voets ES, Mohorn EP, Kosyk O, McHenry JA, Robinson JE, Resendez SL, Rossi MA, Stuber GD (2017) Prefrontal cortex output circuits guide reward seeking through divergent cue encoding. Nature 543:103\u2013107. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature21376","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1737_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.11.024","volume":"112","author":"JE Paniccia","year":"2024","unstructured":"Paniccia JE, Vollmer KM, Green LM, Grant RI, Winston KT, Buchmaier S, Westphal AM, Clarke RE, Doncheck EM, Bordieanu B, Manusky LM, Martino MR, Ward AL, Rinker JA, McGinty JF, Scofield MD, Otis JM (2024) Restoration of a paraventricular thalamo-accumbal behavioral suppression circuit prevents reinstatement of heroin seeking. Neuron 112:772\u2013785e779. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2023.11.024","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1737_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10607","DOI":"10.1523\/jneurosci.2629-16.2018","volume":"38","author":"SM Perez","year":"2018","unstructured":"Perez SM, Lodge DJ (2018) Convergent inputs from the hippocampus and thalamus to the nucleus accumbens regulate dopamine neuron activity. J Neurosci 38:10607\u201310618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/jneurosci.2629-16.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2762","DOI":"10.1111\/ejn.12283","volume":"38","author":"CJ Perry","year":"2013","unstructured":"Perry CJ, McNally GP (2013) A role for the ventral pallidum in context-induced and primed reinstatement of alcohol seeking. Eur J Neurosci 38:2762\u20132773. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/ejn.12283","journal-title":"Eur J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.01.004","volume":"96","author":"L Shelton","year":"2012","unstructured":"Shelton L, Becerra L, Borsook D (2012) Unmasking the mysteries of the Habenula in pain and analgesia. Prog Neurobiol 96:208\u2013219. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.pneurobio.2012.01.004","journal-title":"Prog Neurobiol"},{"key":"1737_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.07.001","volume":"75","author":"W Solecki","year":"2013","unstructured":"Solecki W, Wickham RJ, Behrens S, Wang J, Zwerling B, Mason GF, Addy NA (2013) Differential role of ventral tegmental area acetylcholine and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors in cocaine-seeking. Neuropharmacology 75:9\u201318. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2013.07.001","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1737_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1564","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.024","volume":"166","author":"WR Stauffer","year":"2016","unstructured":"Stauffer WR, Lak A, Yang A, Borel M, Paulsen O, Boyden ES, Schultz W (2016) Dopamine Neuron-Specific optogenetic stimulation in rhesus macaques. Cell 166:1564\u20131571e1566. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.cell.2016.08.024","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"1737_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.09.022","volume":"83","author":"S Steidl","year":"2017","unstructured":"Steidl S, Wasserman DI, Blaha CD, Yeomans JS (2017) Opioid-induced rewards, locomotion, and dopamine activation: a proposed model for control by mesopontine and rostromedial tegmental neurons. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 83:72\u201382. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2017.09.022","journal-title":"Neurosci Biobehav Rev"},{"key":"1737_CR31","first-page":"125","volume":"25","author":"J Stewart","year":"2000","unstructured":"Stewart J (2000) Pathways to relapse: the neurobiology of drug- and stress-induced relapse to drug-taking. J Psychiatry Neurosci 25:125\u2013136","journal-title":"J Psychiatry Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.036","volume":"46","author":"GD Stuber","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stuber GD, Wightman RM, Carelli RM (2005) Extinction of cocaine self-administration reveals functionally and temporally distinct dopaminergic signals in the nucleus accumbens. Neuron 46:661\u2013669. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.04.036","journal-title":"Neuron"},{"key":"1737_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.23045","author":"D Wang","year":"2017","unstructured":"Wang D, Li Y, Feng Q, Guo Q, Zhou J, Luo M (2017) Learning shapes the aversion and reward responses of lateral habenula neurons. Elife. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.7554\/eLife.23045","journal-title":"Elife"},{"key":"1737_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1038\/nrn.2016.39","volume":"17","author":"ME Wolf","year":"2016","unstructured":"Wolf ME (2016) Synaptic mechanisms underlying persistent cocaine craving. Nat Rev Neurosci 17:351\u2013365. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nrn.2016.39","journal-title":"Nat Rev Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3878","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3532-17.2018","volume":"38","author":"L Xiao","year":"2018","unstructured":"Xiao L (2018) Lateral habenula instructs behaviors using cues for the lack of reward. J Neurosci 38:3878\u20133879. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3532-17.2018","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0299-4","volume":"41","author":"C Xiao","year":"2020","unstructured":"Xiao C, Zhou CY, Jiang JH, Yin C (2020) Neural circuits and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors mediate the cholinergic regulation of midbrain dopaminergic neurons and nicotine dependence. Acta Pharmacol Sin 41:1\u20139. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41401-019-0299-4","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin"},{"key":"1737_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.14587","volume":"148","author":"AG Yee","year":"2019","unstructured":"Yee AG, Forbes B, Cheung PY, Martini A, Burrell MH, Freestone PS, Lipski J (2019) Action potential and calcium dependence of tonic somatodendritic dopamine release in the substantia Nigra Pars compacta. J Neurochem 148:462\u2013479. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.14587","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1737_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9021","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0694-08.2008","volume":"28","author":"ZB You","year":"2008","unstructured":"You ZB, Wang B, Zitzman D, Wise RA (2008) Acetylcholine release in the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system during cocaine seeking: conditioned and unconditioned contributions to reward and motivation. J Neurosci 28:9021\u20139029. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0694-08.2008","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108958","volume":"35","author":"L Yu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Yu L, Chu C, Yuan Y, Guo X, Lei C, Sheng H, Yang L, Cui D, Lai B, Zheng P (2021) Activity in projection neurons from prelimbic cortex to the PVT is necessary for retrieval of morphine withdrawal memory. Cell Rep 35:108958. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.celrep.2021.108958","journal-title":"Cell Rep"},{"key":"1737_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1038\/npp.2016.286","volume":"42","author":"A Zapata","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zapata A, Hwang EK, Lupica CR (2017) Lateral habenula involvement in impulsive cocaine seeking. Neuropsychopharmacology 42:1103\u20131112. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/npp.2016.286","journal-title":"Neuropsychopharmacology"},{"key":"1737_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.013","volume":"144","author":"W Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou W, Liu H, Zhang F, Tang S, Zhu H, Lai M, Kalivas PW (2007) Role of acetylcholine transmission in nucleus accumbens and ventral tegmental area in heroin-seeking induced by conditioned cues. Neuroscience 144:1209\u20131218. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2006.11.013","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"1737_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.634618","volume":"15","author":"K Zhou","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhou K, Zhu L, Hou G, Chen X, Chen B, Yang C, Zhu Y (2021) The contribution of thalamic nuclei in salience processing. Front Behav Neurosci 15:634618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnbeh.2021.634618","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci"},{"key":"1737_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-33843-3","volume":"13","author":"K Zhou","year":"2022","unstructured":"Zhou K, Xu H, Lu S, Jiang S, Hou G (2022) Reward and aversion processing by input-defined parallel nucleus accumbens circuits in mice. Nat Commun 13:6244. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-33843-3","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1737_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1038\/nature16954","volume":"530","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2016","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Wienecke CF, Nachtrab G, Chen X (2016) A thalamic input to the nucleus accumbens mediates opiate dependence. Nature 530:219\u2013222. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/nature16954","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"1737_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aat0481","volume":"362","author":"Y Zhu","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zhu Y, Nachtrab G, Keyes PC, Allen WE (2018) Dynamic salience processing in paraventricular thalamus gates associative learning. Science 362:423\u2013429. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1126\/science.aat0481","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"1737_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/adb.13013","volume":"26","author":"H Zhu","year":"2021","unstructured":"Zhu H, Zhuang D, Lou Z, Lai M, Fu D, Hong Q, Liu H, Zhou W (2021) Akt and its phosphorylation in nucleus accumbens mediate heroin-seeking behavior induced by cues in rats. Addict Biol 26:e13013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/adb.13013","journal-title":"Addict Biol"},{"key":"1737_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.048","volume":"98","author":"A Zilverstand","year":"2018","unstructured":"Zilverstand A, Huang AS, Alia-Klein N, Goldstein RZ (2018) Neuroimaging impaired response inhibition and salience attribution in human drug addiction: a systematic review. Neuron 98:886\u2013903. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuron.2018.03.048","journal-title":"Neuron"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,4]],"date-time":"2026-01-04T02:12:37Z","timestamp":1767492757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"references-count":47,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1737"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01737-0","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 February 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 October 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 October 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The rats involved in this study were maintained according to the specifications of the National Institute of Health Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals, and approved by the Ethics Committee of Laboratory Animal Use and Care at Ningbo University.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Ethics approval and consent to participate"}},{"value":"Not applicable.","order":3,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Consent for publication"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":4,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"298"}}