{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:41:22Z","timestamp":1783122082630,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1766361600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Metab Brain Dis"],"DOI":"10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T09:14:59Z","timestamp":1766394899000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Cross-seeding of IAPP and A\u03b242: A review of the molecular link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer\u2019s disease"],"prefix":"10.1007","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Priyadharshine Ramesh","family":"Babu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Clayton","family":"Turner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Ryznar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"1767_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/2798269","volume":"2016","author":"R Akter","year":"2016","unstructured":"Akter R, Cao P, Noor H et al (2016) Islet amyloid polypeptide: structure, function, and pathophysiology. J Diabetes Res 2016:2798269. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1155\/2016\/2798269","journal-title":"J Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1767_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13098-023-01082-1","author":"M Alrouji","year":"2023","unstructured":"Alrouji M, Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI et al (2023) The potential role of human islet amyloid polypeptide in type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer\u2019s diseases. Diabetol Metab Syndr. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s13098-023-01082-1","journal-title":"Diabetol Metab Syndr"},{"key":"1767_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/anie.201906908","author":"V Armiento","year":"2020","unstructured":"Armiento V, Spanopoulou A, Kapurniotu A (2020) Peptide-based molecular strategies to interfere with protein misfolding, aggregation, and cell degeneration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/anie.201906908","journal-title":"Angew Chem Int Ed Engl"},{"key":"1767_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00645","volume":"11","author":"M Baram","year":"2020","unstructured":"Baram M, Miller Y (2020) Inhibitory activity of insulin on A\u03b2 aggregation is restricted due to binding selectivity and specificity to polymorphic A\u03b2 states. ACS Chem Neurosci 11:445\u2013452. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00645","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-66602-9","author":"P Bharadwaj","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bharadwaj P, Solomon T, Sahoo BR et al (2020) Amylin and beta amyloid proteins interact to form amorphous heterocomplexes with enhanced toxicity in neuronal cells. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-020-66602-9","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1767_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1021","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27031021","volume":"27","author":"DC Bhowmick","year":"2022","unstructured":"Bhowmick DC, Kudaibergenova Z, Burnett L, Jeremic AM (2022) Molecular mechanisms of amylin turnover, misfolding and toxicity in the pancreas. Molecules 27:1021. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules27031021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"1767_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep42880","author":"A Bonito-Oliva","year":"2017","unstructured":"Bonito-Oliva A, Barbash S, Sakmar TP, Graham WV (2017) Nucleobindin 1 binds to multiple types of pre-fibrillar amyloid and inhibits fibrillization. Sci Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/srep42880","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"1767_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.05.001","author":"R B\u00f6ttger","year":"2018","unstructured":"B\u00f6ttger R, Knappe D, Hoffmann R (2018) PEGylated prodrugs of antidiabetic peptides amylin and GLP-1. J Control Release. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jconrel.2018.05.001","journal-title":"J Control Release"},{"key":"1767_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1111\/jnc.15023","volume":"155","author":"S Bullain","year":"2020","unstructured":"Bullain S, Doody R (2020) What works and what does not work in Alzheimer\u2019s disease? From interventions on risk factors to anti-amyloid trials. J Neurochem 155:120\u2013136. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jnc.15023","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"1767_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a2","author":"KM Bullard","year":"2018","unstructured":"Bullard KM (2018) Prevalence of diagnosed diabetes in adults by diabetes type \u2014 United States, 2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15585\/mmwr.mm6712a2","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"1767_CR11","first-page":"151","volume":"9","author":"A Clark","year":"1988","unstructured":"Clark A, Wells CA, Buley ID et al (1988) Islet amyloid, increased A-cells, reduced B-cells and exocrine fibrosis: quantitative changes in the pancreas in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res 9:151\u2013159","journal-title":"Diabetes Res"},{"key":"1767_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-215339","volume":"87","author":"GL Dharmaraj","year":"2022","unstructured":"Dharmaraj GL, Arigo FD, Young KA, Martins R, Mancera RL, Bharadwaj P (2022) Novel amylin analogues reduce amyloid-\u03b2 cross-seeding aggregation and neurotoxicity. J Alzheimers Dis 87:373\u2013390. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-215339","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1767_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22041509","volume":"22","author":"N Eguchi","year":"2021","unstructured":"Eguchi N, Vaziri ND, Dafoe DC, Ichii H (2021) The role of oxidative stress in pancreatic \u03b2 cell dysfunction in diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 22:1509. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms22041509","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1767_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.2174\/1567205011666141107124538","volume":"11","author":"JN Fawver","year":"2014","unstructured":"Fawver JN, Ghiwot Y, Koola C et al (2014) Islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP): a second amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Alzheimer Res 11:928\u2013940. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1567205011666141107124538","journal-title":"Curr Alzheimer Res"},{"key":"1767_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21176275","volume":"21","author":"U Galicia-Garcia","year":"2020","unstructured":"Galicia-Garcia U, Benito-Vicente A, Jebari S et al (2020) Pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Mol Sci 21:6275. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms21176275","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1767_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00396","volume":"9","author":"X Ge","year":"2018","unstructured":"Ge X, Yang Y, Sun Y, Cao W, Ding F (2018) Islet amyloid polypeptide promotes amyloid-\u03b2 aggregation by binding-induced helix-unfolding of the amyloidogenic core. ACS Chem Neurosci 9:967\u2013975. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.7b00396","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00038","volume":"5","author":"J Gotz","year":"2013","unstructured":"Gotz J, Lim YA, Eckert A (2013) Lessons from two prevalent amyloidoses\u2014what amylin and A\u03b2 have in common. Front Aging Neurosci 5:38. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2013.00038","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19020571","volume":"19","author":"G Grasso","year":"2018","unstructured":"Grasso G, Rebella M, Muscat S et al (2018) Conformational dynamics and stability of U-shaped and S-shaped amyloid \u03b2 assemblies. Int J Mol Sci 19:571. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms19020571","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1767_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2989","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-012-2678-y","volume":"55","author":"H Guan","year":"2012","unstructured":"Guan H, Chow KM, Shah R, Rhodes CJ, Hersh LB (2012) Degradation of islet amyloid polypeptide by neprilysin. Diabetologia 55:2989\u20132998. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00125-012-2678-y","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1767_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms232315287","volume":"23","author":"R Hamz\u00e9","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hamz\u00e9 R, Delangre E, Tolu S et al (2022) Type 2 diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer\u2019s disease: shared molecular mechanisms and potential common therapeutic targets. Int J Mol Sci 23:15287. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms232315287","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"1767_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1042\/BSR20211297","volume":"42","author":"S Hassan","year":"2022","unstructured":"Hassan S, White K, Terry C (2022) Linking hIAPP misfolding and aggregation with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a structural perspective. Biosci Rep 42:BSR20211297. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BSR20211297","journal-title":"Biosci Rep"},{"key":"1767_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3629","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2004-0405","volume":"89","author":"RL Hull","year":"2004","unstructured":"Hull RL, Westermark GT, Westermark P, Kahn SE (2004) Islet amyloid: a critical entity in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:3629\u20133643. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/jc.2004-0405","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1767_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"490","DOI":"10.1002\/ana.23956","volume":"74","author":"K Jackson","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jackson K, Barisone GA, Diaz E, Jin L, DeCarli C, Despa F (2013) Amylin deposition in the brain: a second amyloid in Alzheimer\u2019s disease? Ann Neurol 74:490\u2013503. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ana.23956","journal-title":"Ann Neurol"},{"key":"1767_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.022","volume":"178","author":"JH Jhamandas","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jhamandas JH, Li Z, Westaway D, Yang J, Jassar S, MacTavish D (2011) Actions of \u03b2-amyloid protein on human neurons are expressed through the IAPP receptor. Am J Pathol 178:140\u2013149. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2010.11.022","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1767_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.036","volume":"178","author":"CA Jurgens","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jurgens CA, Toukatly MN, Fligner CL et al (2011) \u03b2-cell loss and \u03b2-cell apoptosis in human type 2 diabetes are related to islet amyloid deposition. Am J Pathol 178:2632\u20132640. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.02.036","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"1767_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Kachkin DV, Lashkul GV, F NA et al (2023) The A\u03b242 peptide and IAPP physically interact in a yeast-based assay. Int J Mol Sci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms241814122","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms241814122"},{"key":"1767_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2002","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.05.007","volume":"121","author":"GE Kawecki","year":"2022","unstructured":"Kawecki GE, King KM, Cramer NA, Bevan DR, Brown AM (2022) Simulations of cross-amyloid aggregation of amyloid-\u03b2 and islet amyloid polypeptide fragments. Biophys J 121:2002\u20132013. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bpj.2022.05.007","journal-title":"Biophys J"},{"key":"1767_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"996","DOI":"10.1016\/j.str.2014.05.003","volume":"22","author":"JV King","year":"2014","unstructured":"King JV, Liang WG, Scherpelz KP, Schilling AB, Meredith SC, Tang WJ (2014) Molecular basis of substrate recognition and degradation by human presequence protease. Structure 22:996\u20131007. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.str.2014.05.003","journal-title":"Structure"},{"key":"1767_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/d0nr02710c","author":"K Koppel","year":"2020","unstructured":"Koppel K, Tang H, Javed I et al (2020) Elevated amyloidoses of human IAPP and amyloid beta by lipopolysaccharide and their mitigation by carbon quantum dots. Nanoscale. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1039\/d0nr02710c","journal-title":"Nanoscale"},{"key":"1767_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2888","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M117.806109","volume":"293","author":"P Krotee","year":"2018","unstructured":"Krotee P, Griner SL, Sawaya MR et al (2018) Common fibrillar spines of amyloid-\u03b2 and human islet amyloid polypeptide revealed by microelectron diffraction and structure-based inhibitors. J Biol Chem 293:2888\u20132902. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1074\/jbc.M117.806109","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"1767_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-45192-4","volume":"15","author":"R Kumar","year":"2024","unstructured":"Kumar R, Le Marchand T, Adam L et al (2024) Identification of potential aggregation hotspots on A\u03b242 fibrils blocked by the anti-amyloid chaperone-like BRICHOS domain. Nat Commun 15:965. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-024-45192-4","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1767_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.2337\/dc18-0073","volume":"41","author":"ME Lacy","year":"2018","unstructured":"Lacy ME, Gilsanz P, Karter AJ, Quesenberry CP, Pletcher MJ, Whitmer RA (2018) Long-term glycemic control and dementia risk in type 1 diabetes. Diabetes Care 41:2339\u20132345. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc18-0073","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"1767_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106485","volume":"196","author":"E Lemche","year":"2024","unstructured":"Lemche E, Killick R, Mitchell J, Caton PW, Choudhary P, Howard JK (2024) Molecular mechanisms linking type 2 diabetes mellitus and late-onset Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review and qualitative meta-analysis. Neurobiol Dis 196:106485. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.nbd.2024.106485","journal-title":"Neurobiol Dis"},{"key":"1767_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2687","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12624","volume":"18","author":"J Levin","year":"2022","unstructured":"Levin J, V\u00f6glein J, Quiroz YT, Bateman RJ, Ghisays V, Lopera F, McDade E, Reiman E, Tariot PN, Morris JC (2022) Testing the amyloid cascade hypothesis: prevention trials in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. Alzheimers Dement 18:2687\u20132698. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/alz.12624","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement"},{"key":"1767_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.014","volume":"85","author":"K Mullane","year":"2013","unstructured":"Mullane K, Williams M (2013) Alzheimer\u2019s therapeutics: continued clinical failures question the validity of the amyloid hypothesis\u2014but what lies beyond? Biochem Pharmacol 85:289\u2013305. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2012.11.014","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"1767_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113945","volume":"177","author":"K Mullane","year":"2020","unstructured":"Mullane K, Williams M (2020) Alzheimer\u2019s disease beyond amyloid: can the repetitive failures of amyloid-targeted therapeutics inform future approaches to dementia drug discovery? Biochem Pharmacol 177:113945. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.bcp.2020.113945","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"1767_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1007\/s11418-020-01467-w","volume":"75","author":"D Nomoto","year":"2021","unstructured":"Nomoto D, Tsunoda T, Shigemori H (2021) Effects of clovamide and its related compounds on the aggregations of amyloid polypeptides. J Nat Med 75:299\u2013307. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11418-020-01467-w","journal-title":"J Nat Med"},{"key":"1767_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1715951115","author":"ME Oskarsson","year":"2018","unstructured":"Oskarsson ME, Hermansson E, Wang Y et al (2018) BRICHOS domain of Bri2 inhibits islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP) fibril formation and toxicity in human beta cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.1715951115","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1767_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-020-01216-5","author":"A Paul","year":"2020","unstructured":"Paul A, Frenkel-Pinter M, Escobar Alvarez D et al (2020) Tryptophan-galactosylamine conjugates inhibit and disaggregate amyloid fibrils of A\u03b242 and hIAPP peptides while reducing their toxicity. Commun Biol. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-020-01216-5","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"1767_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00123","author":"A Paul","year":"2019","unstructured":"Paul A, Viswanathan GK, Mahapatra S et al (2019) Antagonistic activity of naphthoquinone-based hybrids toward amyloids associated with Alzheimer\u2019s disease and type-2 diabetes. ACS Chem Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acschemneuro.9b00123","journal-title":"ACS Chem Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5639","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.8011","volume":"37","author":"Z Peng","year":"2023","unstructured":"Peng Z, Lu J, Liu K et al (2023) Hypericin as a promising natural bioactive naphthodianthrone: a review of its pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, toxicity, and safety. Phytother Res 37:5639\u20135656. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/ptr.8011","journal-title":"Phytother Res"},{"key":"1767_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-021-03100-1","volume":"38","author":"L Pickering","year":"2021","unstructured":"Pickering L, O\u2019Connell KS, Sullivan KA (2021) Cognitive deficits in type-1 diabetes: aspects of glucose, cerebrovascular and amyloid involvement. Pharm Res 38:1339\u20131354. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11095-021-03100-1","journal-title":"Pharm Res"},{"key":"1767_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0163046","volume":"11","author":"V Plaisance","year":"2016","unstructured":"Plaisance V, Brajkovic S, Tenenbaum M et al (2016) Endoplasmic reticulum stress links oxidative stress to impaired pancreatic beta-cell function caused by human oxidized LDL. PLoS One 11:e0163046. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1371\/journal.pone.0163046","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"1767_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells12222667","volume":"12","author":"D Postnov","year":"2023","unstructured":"Postnov D, Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya O, Litvinenko E, Kurths J, Penzel T (2023) Mechanisms of activation of brain\u2019s drainage during sleep: the nightlife of astrocytes. Cells 12:2667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/cells12222667","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"1767_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00186","author":"WQ Qiu","year":"2014","unstructured":"Qiu WQ, Zhu H (2014) Amylin and its analogs: a friend or foe for the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease? Front Aging Neurosci. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnagi.2014.00186","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00035","volume":"13","author":"AF Raimundo","year":"2020","unstructured":"Raimundo AF, Ferreira S, Martins IC, Menezes R (2020) Islet amyloid polypeptide: a partner in crime with A\u03b2 in the pathology of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Front Mol Neurosci 13:35. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnmol.2020.00035","journal-title":"Front Mol Neurosci"},{"key":"1767_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4285","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124285","volume":"13","author":"AF Raimundo","year":"2021","unstructured":"Raimundo AF, Ferreira S, Tom\u00e1s-Barber\u00e1n FA, Santos CN, Menezes R (2021) Urolithins: diet-derived bioavailable metabolites to tackle diabetes. Nutrients 13:4285. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13124285","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"1767_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-70255-3","volume":"14","author":"F Rehn","year":"2024","unstructured":"Rehn F, Kraemer-Schulien V, Bujnicki T et al (2024) IAPP \u2013 oligomerisation levels in plasma of people with type 2 diabetes. Metab Brain Dis 14:19556. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41598-024-70255-3","journal-title":"Metab Brain Dis"},{"key":"1767_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1038\/cdd.2010.111","volume":"18","author":"JF Rivera","year":"2011","unstructured":"Rivera JF, Gurlo T, Daval M, Huang CJ, Matveyenko AV, Butler PC, Costes S (2011) Human-IAPP disrupts the autophagy\/lysosomal pathway in pancreatic \u03b2-cells: protective role of p62-positive cytoplasmic inclusions. Cell Death Differ 18:415\u2013426. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/cdd.2010.111","journal-title":"Cell Death Differ"},{"key":"1767_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1038\/s41594-020-0442-4","volume":"27","author":"C R\u00f6der","year":"2020","unstructured":"R\u00f6der C, Kupreichyk T, Gremer L et al (2020) Cryo-EM structure of islet amyloid polypeptide fibrils reveals similarities with amyloid-\u03b2 fibrils. Nat Struct Mol Biol 27:660\u2013667. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41594-020-0442-4","journal-title":"Nat Struct Mol Biol"},{"key":"1767_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00500385","volume":"34","author":"T Sanke","year":"1991","unstructured":"Sanke T, Hanabusa T, Nakano Y et al (1991) Plasma islet amyloid polypeptide (Amylin) levels and their responses to oral glucose in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Diabetologia 34:129\u2013132. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/BF00500385","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"1767_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.2174\/1381612826666200318151146","volume":"26","author":"S Servizi","year":"2020","unstructured":"Servizi S, Corrigan RR, Casadesus G (2020) The importance of understanding amylin signaling mechanisms for therapeutic development in the treatment of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Curr Pharm Des 26:1345\u20131355. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2174\/1381612826666200318151146","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"1767_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI10498","volume":"106","author":"M Shibata","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shibata M, Yamada S, Kumar SR et al (2000) Clearance of Alzheimer\u2019s amyloid-\u03b2(1\u201340) peptide from brain by LDL receptor-related protein-1 at the blood-brain barrier. J Clin Invest 106:1489\u20131499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI10498","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"12","key":"1767_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2117723119","volume":"119","author":"K Shigemori","year":"2022","unstructured":"Shigemori K, Nomura S, Umeda T, Takeda S, Tomiyama T (2022) Peripheral A\u03b2 acts as a negative modulator of insulin secretion. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 119(12):e2117723119. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1073\/pnas.2117723119","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"1767_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3634","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI69866","volume":"124","author":"N Shigihara","year":"2014","unstructured":"Shigihara N, Fukunaka A, Hara A, Komiya K, Honda A, Uchida T, Abe H, Toyofuku Y, Tamaki M, Ogihara T, Miyatsuka T, Hiddinga HJ, Sakagashira S, Koike M, Uchiyama Y, Yoshimori T, Eberhardt NL, Fujitani Y, Watada H (2014) Human IAPP\u2013induced pancreatic \u03b2 cell toxicity and its regulation by autophagy. J Clin Invest 124:3634\u20133644. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1172\/JCI69866","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"4","key":"1767_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hbm.70180","volume":"46","author":"S Soltani","year":"2025","unstructured":"Soltani S, Dolatshahi M, Soltani S, Khazaei K, Rahmani M, Raji CA (2025) Relationships between brain glucose metabolism patterns and impaired glycemic status: a systematic review of FDG-PET studies with a focus on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Hum Brain Mapp 46(4):e70180. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/hbm.70180","journal-title":"Hum Brain Mapp"},{"key":"1767_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201805166","volume":"15","author":"Y Sun","year":"2019","unstructured":"Sun Y, Kakinen A, Xing Y et al (2019) Amyloid self-assembly of hIAPP8-20 via the accumulation of helical oligomers, \u03b1-helix to \u03b2-sheet transition, and formation of \u03b2-barrel intermediates. Small 15:e1805166. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/smll.201805166","journal-title":"Small"},{"key":"1767_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12912","DOI":"10.1021\/ja504031d","volume":"136","author":"AC Susa","year":"2014","unstructured":"Susa AC, Wu C, Bernstein SL et al (2014) Defining the molecular basis of amyloid inhibitors: human islet amyloid polypeptide\u2013insulin interactions. J Am Chem Soc 136:12912\u201312919. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/ja504031d","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"1767_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-32688-0","author":"K Ta\u015f","year":"2022","unstructured":"Ta\u015f K, Volta BD, Lindner C et al (2022) Designed peptides as nanomolar cross-amyloid inhibitors acting via supramolecular nanofiber co-assembly. Nat Commun. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s41467-022-32688-0","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"1767_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20120653","volume":"446","author":"AF Teich","year":"2012","unstructured":"Teich AF, Arancio O (2012) Is the amyloid hypothesis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease therapeutically relevant? Biochem J 446:165\u2013177. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1042\/BJ20120653","journal-title":"Biochem J"},{"key":"1767_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa176","volume":"105","author":"S Ueberberg","year":"2020","unstructured":"Ueberberg S, Nauck MA, Uhl W et al (2020) Islet amyloid in patients with diabetes due to exocrine pancreatic disorders, type 2 diabetes, and nondiabetic patients. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 105:dgaa176. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa176","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"1767_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-022-04398-2","volume":"6","author":"N Verma","year":"2023","unstructured":"Verma N, Velmurugan GV, Winford E et al (2023) A\u03b2 efflux impairment and inflammation linked to cerebrovascular accumulation of amyloid-forming amylin secreted from pancreas. Commun Biol 6:1\u201316. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1038\/s42003-022-04398-2","journal-title":"Commun Biol"},{"key":"1767_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001903","volume":"85","author":"F Wang","year":"2015","unstructured":"Wang F, Gordon BA, Ryman DC et al (2015) Cerebral amyloidosis associated with cognitive decline in autosomal dominant Alzheimer disease. Neurology 85:790\u2013798. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1212\/WNL.0000000000001903","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"1767_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/Spectrum.00042-21","volume":"9","author":"H Wang","year":"2021","unstructured":"Wang H, Song W, Wu Q et al (2021) Fecal transplantation from db\/db mice treated with sodium butyrate attenuates ischemic stroke injury. Microbiol Spectr 9:e0004221. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1128\/Spectrum.00042-21","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"key":"1767_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/cshperspect.a024323","author":"GT Westermark","year":"2018","unstructured":"Westermark GT, F\u00e4ndrich M, Lundmark K, Amyloidoses WPN (2018) Aspects on seeding, cross-seeding, and transmission. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1101\/cshperspect.a024323","journal-title":"Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med"},{"key":"1767_CR66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.07.077","volume":"393","author":"JA Williamson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Williamson JA, Loria JP, Miranker AD (2009) Helix stabilization precedes aqueous and bilayer-catalyzed fiber formation in islet amyloid polypeptide. J Mol Biol 393:383\u2013396. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.07.077","journal-title":"J Mol Biol"},{"key":"1767_CR67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1088\/1361-6528\/acf3ee","volume":"34","author":"R Wu","year":"2023","unstructured":"Wu R, Wang Z, Jia Z et al (2023) Identification of hybrid amyloid strains assembled from amyloid-\u03b2 and human islet amyloid polypeptide. Nanotechnology 34:50. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1088\/1361-6528\/acf3ee","journal-title":"Nanotechnology"},{"key":"1767_CR68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.3233\/JAD-2011-110725","volume":"27","author":"J Yang","year":"2011","unstructured":"Yang J, Lunde LK, Nuntagij P et al (2011) Loss of astrocyte polarization in the Tg-ArcSwe mouse model of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Alzheimers Dis 27:711\u2013722. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3233\/JAD-2011-110725","journal-title":"J Alzheimers Dis"},{"key":"1767_CR69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.3.245","volume":"20","author":"SS Yoon","year":"2012","unstructured":"Yoon SS, Jo SA (2012) Mechanisms of amyloid-\u03b2 peptide clearance: potential therapeutic targets for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Biomol Ther 20:245\u2013255. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.4062\/biomolther.2012.20.3.245","journal-title":"Biomol Ther"},{"key":"1767_CR70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3307","DOI":"10.1111\/cns.14260","volume":"29","author":"X Yuan","year":"2023","unstructured":"Yuan X, Yan F, Gao LH, Ma QH, Wang J (2023) Hypericin as a potential drug for treating Alzheimer\u2019s disease and type 2 diabetes with a view to drug repositioning. CNS Neurosci Ther 29:3307\u20133321. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/cns.14260","journal-title":"CNS Neurosci Ther"},{"key":"1767_CR71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.03.030","author":"H Zhu","year":"2017","unstructured":"Zhu H, Xue X, Wang E et al (2017) Amylin receptor ligands reduce the pathological cascade of Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neuropharmacology. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.neuropharm.2017.03.030","journal-title":"Neuropharmacology"},{"key":"1767_CR72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","unstructured":"Sheppard O, Coleman M (2020) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: etiology, neuropathology and pathogenesis. In: Huang X (ed) Alzheimer\u2019s disease: drug discovery. Exon Publications. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.36255\/exonpublications.alzheimersdisease.2020.ch1","DOI":"10.36255\/exonpublications.alzheimersdisease.2020.ch1"},{"key":"1767_CR73","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2024) Alzheimer\u2019s disease and related dementias. https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/alzheimers-dementia\/signs-symptoms\/alzheimers.html. Accessed 31 Jul 2025"},{"key":"1767_CR74","unstructured":"National Institute on Aging (2023) Alzheimer\u2019s disease fact sheet. https:\/\/www.nia.nih.gov\/health\/alzheimers-and-dementia\/alzheimers-disease-fact-sheet. Accessed 31 Jul 2025"}],"container-title":["Metabolic Brain Disease"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]],"date-time":"2025-12-22T09:15:01Z","timestamp":1766394901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"references-count":74,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1767"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s11011-025-01767-8","relation":{},"ISSN":["1573-7365"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1573-7365","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 August 2025","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 December 2025","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"22 December 2025","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"order":1,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Declarations"}},{"value":"The authors declare no competing interests.","order":2,"name":"Ethics","group":{"name":"EthicsHeading","label":"Competing interests"}}],"article-number":"8"}}